Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007112 (prostatic adenocarcinoma)
 2,574 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum and seminal plasma concentrations or activities of acid phosphatase (AP), prostate specific antigen (PSA), and canine prostate specific esterase (CPSE) were measured in normal dogs, dogs with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), dogs with bacterial prostatitis, and dogs with prostatic carcinoma to determine if these assays would be of value in differentiating dogs with prostatic carcinoma from normal dogs, and dogs with other prostatic disorders. In addition, tissue sections of prostatic adenocarcinomas were stained with antiprostatic AP, anti-CPSE, and anti-PSA antibodies to determine if these would be suitable immunohistochemical markers of prostatic carcinoma. Prostate-specific antigen was not detected in canine serum or seminal plasma. Serum and seminal AP activities did not differ significantly between normal dogs and those with prostatic diseases, or among dogs with different prostatic disorders. Serum CPSE activities were significantly higher in dogs with BPH than in normal dogs. Mean serum CPSE activities in dogs with BPH, bacterial prostatitis, and prostatic carcinoma were not significantly different from each other. Slight to moderate immunohistochemical staining of canine prostatic adenocarcinomas was noted for prostatic AP and PSA; most tumors did not stain for CPSE. These results show that proteins of prostatic origin appear in the serum of dogs as a result of prostatic pathology, especially BPH. Canine prostatic adenocarcinoma does not appear to be associated with significant increases in CPSE or AP activities, possibly because of down-regulation of these enzymes by prostatic carcinoma cells. It is also possible that failure to detect significant differences resulted from limited statistical power for some groups and pairwise analyses because of the small number of dogs evaluated.
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PMID:Evaluation of serum and seminal plasma markers in the diagnosis of canine prostatic disorders. 754 54

Two cases of florid hyperplasia of mesonephric remnants occurring in the prostate are described. One case was originally interpreted as invasive adenocarcinoma on transurethral resection (TUR), resulting in radical prostatectomy. In the second case, a TUR specimen was diagnostic for adenocarcinoma, which was confirmed in the radical prostatectomy specimen. Florid mesonephric hyperplasia in the second case was an incidental finding. The TUR specimen in the first case and sections of the prostatectomy specimens in both cases contained a proliferation of tubules, which ranged from aggregates of microacini to dilated structures containing a characteristic colloid-like material. The location of these lesions in the base of the prostate gland and periprostatic soft tissue suggests that these may be mesonephric remnants that have become hyperplastic. This type of lesion shares many features with mesonephric hyperplasia occurring in the female genital tract, including the presence of eosinophilic intratubular material and a lobular arrangement of microacini lined by a single layer of epithelium with prominent nucleoli. However, the latter feature, along with the apparent permeation of the prostatic fibromuscular stroma, periprostatic soft tissue, and even neural spaces, closely mimicked prostatic adenocarcinoma. In both cases, the proliferating tubules reacted with keratin 903 and were negative for prostate-specific antigen and prostate acid phosphatase, thereby excluding the diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma. We concluded that lobular hyperplasia of mesonephric remnants is a distinct histologic entity that may occur in the prostate and periprostatic soft tissues and closely mimic prostatic adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:Florid hyperplasia of mesonephric remnants involving prostate and periprostatic tissue. Possible confusion with adenocarcinoma. 768 79

The serum levels of creatinine (CR), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP) and tartrate inhibitable acid phosphatase (TIAP) were related to Gleason score, TM-category, disease progression and survival in 325 prostatic adenocarcinoma patients followed up for over 12 years. Elevated serum levels of CR, ALP, ACP and TIAP were related to invasive and metastatic disease as well as with a high Gleason score. Elevated serum levels of CR, ALP, ACP and TIAP, all significantly predicted prognosis in a univariate analysis. In the M0 tumours, ACP and TIAP and TIAP had prognostic value, as they did in the T1-2M0 tumours respectively. Cox's multivariate analysis showed that serum creatinine level at diagnosis had independent prognostic value additional to the TM-classification, Gleason score and patient age. In the M0 tumours, ALP had independent prognostic significance additional to the T-category, Gleason score and patient age. In the T1-2M0 tumours, TIAP had independent prognostic value supplementary to the Gleason score, T-category and patient age, whereas in the T1M0 tumours, the gleason score was an independent prognostic parameter. The results indicate that these simple laboratory tests give important prognostic information in prostatic adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:Biochemical parameters as prognostic factors in prostatic adenocarcinoma. 786 37

Endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the prostatic urethra is presented in an eighty-four-year-old white man who had been treated for transitional cell carcinoma of bladder and microacinar adenocarcinoma of prostate prior to presenting with an implanted anterior urethral mass. The differential diagnosis of the papillary lesions encountered in the prostatic and penile urethra is reviewed. Based on the literature, a comparative study between both pure and mixed endometrioid carcinoma and microacinar prostatic carcinoma was done. The study aimed to elicit more data about the clinical features of endometrioid carcinoma and included several clinical parameters (age, presenting symptoms, rectal examination findings, serum acid phosphatase level, and metastasis at presentation). The general impression gained from this study is that no significant clinical difference exists between these two histologic variants of prostatic carcinoma.
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PMID:Endometrioid adenocarcinoma of prostatic urethra presenting with anterior urethral implantation. 842 91

We describe two cases of mucinous adenocarcinomas involving and confined to the prostate and originating from the prostatic urethra. These cases were identical to adenocarcinomas arising within the urinary bladder and differed from mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate. In both cases, an in situ adenocarcinoma component was identified in the overlying prostatic urethra. In one case the in situ adenocarcinoma arose in a villous adenoma of the urethra. Both cases contained lakes of mucin lined by tall columnar epithelium with varying degrees of cytologic atypia, and one case had mucin-positive signet cells. In contrast, mucinous adenocarcinomas of the prostate demonstrate tubules and cribriform glands floating within mucin; mucin-positive signet cells are rare. Both tumors were negative immunohistochemically for prostate-specific antigen and prostate-specific acid phosphatase and positive for carcinoembryonic antigen. One case was treated by radical prostatectomy, and the patient was without evidence of disease with short follow-up. Following simple prostatectomy, the other patient did not undergo definitive therapy for several years, at which point the tumor had progressed locally to an advanced stage. In terms of therapy, the distinction between mucinous adenocarcinoma or urinary bladder-type arising in the prostate depicted within the current study and mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate is significant.
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PMID:Mucinous adenocarcinoma of urinary bladder type arising from the prostatic urethra. Distinction from mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate. 889 38

The presence of normal anatomic structures may be a source of confusion to the pathologist examining prostatic needle biopsies. The morphologic features of Cowper's (bulbourethral) glands incidentally biopsied during transrectal sampling of the prostate have not been described. We reviewed seven cases of Cowper's glands found in prostatic core biopsy specimens. Sections containing Cowper's glands were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, mucicarmine, periodic acid-Schiff's-digest (PAS-D), and antibodies directed at high-molecular-weight cytokeratin (HMWCK), prostate-specific acid phosphatase (PSAP), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), Ulex europaeus agglutinin, and muscle-specific actin. Histologically, Cowper's glands resemble mucinous minor salivary glands entrapped within fascicles of muscle. Lobules of acini composed of cells distended with mucin (mucicarmine and PAS-D positive) were admixed with ducts and ductules composed of hybrid cells with both mucinous and ductular epithelial features. The HMWCK was strongly reactive with the ductular epithelium and demonstrated an attenuated cell lining at the periphery of lobules. The mucinous cytoplasm reacted with U. europaeus, whereas the ductal elements failed to stain. PSAP stains were negative, with PSA positive in most cases. Muscle-specific actin was positive in three cases. Cowper's glands occasionally may be sampled by transrectal needle biopsy. Recognition of this anatomic structure will allow discrimination from low-grade prostatic adenocarcinoma, foamy gland carcinoma, mucinous metaplasia of prostate glands, and atypical glands of undetermined significance.
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PMID:Diagnosis of Cowper's glands on prostate needle biopsy. 915 79

The contrasting radiological appearances of metastatic deposits in the mandible of prostatic adenocarcinoma in two patients are described. The clinical presentation was similar in that both presented with altered sensation of the lower lip. Radiologically, they differed in that one patient suffered from a large predominantly osteoblastic mass, while the other, who gave a history of previously treated prostatic adenocarcinoma, presented with a rather small osteolytic deposit. Investigations for bony metastatic disease usually include a bone scan which is a highly sensitive technique although non-specific. A skeletal survey can be useful although less sensitive than a bone scan. Blood investigations such as acid phosphatase and prostate specific antigen levels are also indicated in male patients where prostatic disease is suspected. Reasonable long term survival using relatively simple drug therapy without significant local surgery, highlights the need for accurate recognition and tissue diagnosis to differentiate this condition from osseous malignancy of the jaws, other metastatic disease or osteomyelitis.
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PMID:Case report. Two contrasting radiological presentations of prostatic adenocarcinoma in the jaws. 916 Nov 83

Differential display was used to identify novel androgen-regulated genes in the human prostatic adenocarcinoma cell line LNCaP. A 322-base pair cDNA fragment that was consistently induced by the synthetic androgen R1881 revealed 100% homology with the human phosphatidic acid phosphatase type 2a isozyme very recently reported by Kai et al. (PAP-2a; Kai., M., Wada, I., Imai, S.-i., Sakane, F., and Kanoh, H. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 24572-24578). The fragment was used to clone the corresponding cDNA from a human prostate library. The deduced amino acid sequence confirmed the identity with human PAP-2a. The inducibility of PAP-2a mRNA by androgens was confirmed by Northern blot hybridization. The effect was time- and dose-dependent with a maximal stimulation (4-fold) after 24 h of treatment with 10(-9) M R1881. The steroid specificity of PAP-2a mRNA regulation was found to be in agreement with the aberrant ligand specificity of the mutated androgen receptor in LNCaP cells, supporting the involvement of the androgen receptor in the induction process. Furthermore, low basal levels of PAP-2a mRNA and absence of androgen inducibility were observed in the poorly differentiated and androgen receptor-negative cell lines PC-3 and DU-145. Induction of PAP-2a mRNA was not affected by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide and was accompanied by a marked increase in PAP-2 activity as measured by the conversion of phosphatidic acid into diacylglycerol in membrane fractions of LNCaP. Comparison of the expression of PAP-2a mRNA in 50 different human tissues revealed ubiquitous expression. The highest levels, however, were observed in the prostate. Since PAP-2 plays a pivotal role in the control of signal transduction by lipid mediators such as phosphatidate, lysophosphatidate, and ceramide-1-phosphate, the ability of androgens to stimulate the expression and activity of this enzyme in prostatic cells may provide an important opportunity for cross-talk between signaling pathways involving lipid mediators and androgens.
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PMID:Identification of the phosphatidic acid phosphatase type 2a isozyme as an androgen-regulated gene in the human prostatic adenocarcinoma cell line LNCaP. 946 26

Primary adenocarcinoma of the seminal vesicles is an extremely rare neoplasm. Because prompt diagnosis and treatment are associated with improved long-term survival, accurate recognition of this neoplasm is important, particularly when evaluating limited biopsy material. Immunohistochemistry can be used to rule out neoplasms that commonly invade the seminal vesicles, such as prostatic adenocarcinoma. Previous reports have shown that seminal vesicle adenocarcinoma (SVCA) is negative for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate-specific acid phosphatase (PAP); however, little else is known of its immunophenotype. Consequently, we evaluated the utility of cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) and cytokeratin (CK) subsets 7 and 20 for distinguishing SVCA from other neoplasms that enter the differential diagnosis. Four cases of SVCA-three cases of bladder adenocarcinoma and a rare case of adenocarcinoma arising in a mullerian duct cyst-were immunostained for CA-125, CK7, and CK20. Three of four cases of SVCA were CA-125 positive and CK7 positive. All four cases were CK20 negative. All bladder adenocarcinomas and the mullerian duct cyst adenocarcinoma were CK7 positive and negative for CA-125 and CK20. In addition, CA-125 immunostaining was performed in neoplasms that commonly invade the seminal vesicles, including prostatic adenocarcinoma (n = 40), bladder transitional cell carcinoma (n = 32), and rectal adenocarcinoma (n = 10), and all were negative for this antigen. In conclusion, the present study has shown that the CK7-positive, CK20-negative, CA-125-positive, PSA/PAP-negative immunophenotype of papillary SVCA is unique and can be used in conjunction with histomorphology to distinguish it from other tumors that enter the differential diagnosis, including prostatic adenocarcinoma (CA-125 negative, PSA/PAP positive), bladder transitional cell carcinoma (CK20 positive, CA-125 negative), rectal adenocarcinoma (CA-125 negative, CK7 negative, CK20 positive), bladder adenocarcinoma (CA-125 negative), and adenocarcinoma arising in a mullerian duct cyst (CA-125 negative).
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PMID:Primary seminal vesicle carcinoma: an immunohistochemical analysis of four cases. 1065 9

Metastases of tumors of extramammary origin to the breast are extremely uncommon. We report the case of an 81-year-old man with a history of prostatic adenocarcinoma treated with adjuvant estrogen therapy, who presented with bilateral palpable mammary masses. Mammographic study showed irregular solid nodules. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy was performed. The aspiration smears showed single cells with high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratios, prominent nucleoli, and rare acinar formations. Immunocytochemical studies using antibodies against prostate-specific antigen and prostate-specific acid phosphatase confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma, allowing appropriate treatment.
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PMID:Prostatic adenocarcinoma metastatic to the breasts: report of a case with diagnosis by fine needle aspiration biopsy. 1075 79


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