Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0007112 (prostatic adenocarcinoma)
 2,574 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 65-year old man presented with a soft tissue mass in the leg, clinically suspect of a sarcoma. Histologic examination suggested a metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate, which could not be confirmed by immunohistologic studies. However, cytogenetic analysis strongly supported this diagnosis. A primary prostatic carcinoma was indeed found and the patient died of widely disseminated disease. These findings illustrate the significance of chromosomal analysis in the search for a primary tumor in patients with an unknown primary.
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PMID:Cytogenetic support for primary prostatic cancer in a patient presenting with a soft tissue mass in the leg. 860 42

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a type II integral membrane glycoprotein that was initially characterized by the monoclonal antibody (mAb) 7E11. PSMA is highly expressed in prostate secretory-acinar epithelium and prostate cancer as well as in several extraprostatic tissues. Recent evidence suggests that PSMA is also expressed in tumor-associated neovasculature. We examined the immunohistochemical characteristics of 7E11 and those of four recently developed anti-PSMA mAbs (J591, J415, and Hybritech PEQ226.5 and PM2J004.5), each of which binds a distinct epitope of PSMA. Using the streptavidin-biotin method, we evaluated these mAbs in viable prostate cancer cell lines and various fresh-frozen benign and malignant tissue specimens. In the latter, we compared the localization of the anti-PSMA mAbs to that of the anti-endothelial cell mAb CD34. With rare exceptions, all five anti-PSMA mAbs reacted strongly with the neovasculature of a wide spectrum of malignant neoplasms: conventional (clear cell) renal carcinoma (11 of 11 cases), transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder (6 of 6 cases), testicular embryonal carcinoma (1 of 1 case), colonic adenocarcinoma (5 of 5 cases), neuroendocrine carcinoma (5 of 5 cases), glioblastoma multiforme (1 of 1 cases), malignant melanoma (5 of 5 cases), pancreatic duct carcinoma (4 of 4 cases), non-small cell lung carcinoma (5 of 5 cases), soft tissue sarcoma (5 of 6 cases), breast carcinoma (5 of 6 cases), and prostatic adenocarcinoma (2 of 12 cases). Localization of the anti-PSMA mAbs to tumor-associated neovasculature was confirmed by CD34 immunohistochemistry in sequential tissue sections. Normal vascular endothelium in non-cancer-bearing tissue was consistently PSMA negative. The anti-PSMA mAbs reacted with the neoplastic cells of prostatic adenocarcinoma (12 of 12 cases) but not with the neoplastic cells of any other tumor type, including those of benign and malignant vascular tumors (0 of 3 hemangiomas, 0 of 1 hemangioendothelioma, and 0 of 1 angiosarcoma). The mAbs to the extracellular PSMA domain (J591, J415, and Hybritech PEQ226.5) bound viable prostate cancer cells (LNCaP and PC3-PIP), whereas the mAbs to the intracellular domain (7E11 and Hybritech PM2J004.5) did not. All five anti-PSMA mAbs reacted with fresh-frozen benign prostate secretory-acinar epithelium (28 of 28 cases), duodenal columnar (brush border) epithelium (11 of 11 cases), proximal renal tubular epithelium (5 of 5 cases), colonic ganglion cells (1 of 12 cases), and benign breast epithelium (8 of 8 cases). A subset of skeletal muscle cells was positive with 7E11 (7 of 7 cases) and negative with the other four anti-PSMA mAbs. PSMA was consistently expressed in the neovasculature of a wide variety of malignant neoplasms and may be an effective target for mAb-based antineovasculature therapy.
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PMID:Five different anti-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) antibodies confirm PSMA expression in tumor-associated neovasculature. 1039 65

We report 3 cases of postirradiation sarcoma that arose in the pelvis 8, 15, and 16 years after completion of external beam radiation therapy (RT) for localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Although such cases must be regarded as extremely rare, postirradiation sarcoma should be considered as a potential cause of pelvic pain developing after RT.
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PMID:Postirradiation sarcoma after external beam radiation therapy for localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate: report of three cases. 1075 17

Ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate is a variant of prostatic carcinoma that appears to originate in the ducts of the prostate. Carcinosarcoma of the prostate is an uncommon and aggressive tumour composed of an intimate admixture of adenocarcinoma and sarcoma. In this report we describe the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of a case of prostatic carcinosarcoma that appeared in a 66-year-old man who had had a ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate diagnosed 3 years previously. The patient died of the disease 3 months after the carcinosarcoma was diagnosed. This case may represent further evidence of the dedifferentiation theory in the origin of carcinosarcoma. The case also illustrates that this dedifferentiation may occur from any type of prostatic carcinoma.
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PMID:Prostatic carcinosarcoma: a case originating in a previous ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate. 1098 20

We report a case of a sarcomatous transformation of a prostatic adenocarcinoma after radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The sarcomatous tumor showed features of myogenic differentiation. DNA flow cytometry demonstrated a change in the DNA ploidy, from a diploid pattern in the adenocarcinoma, to an aneuploid pattern in the sarcoma. This is the first report of a prostatic sarcomatous tumor studied in this way. Review of medical literature revealed five additional cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma undergoing sarcomatous transformation following radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy or hormonal therapy.
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PMID:Sarcomatous transformation of prostatic adenocarcinoma after radio- and chemotherapy. 1283 45

We report a case of postirradiation sarcoma that arose in the right inguinal region 8 years after completion of external beam radiation therapy for a localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate. The patient was treated in 1995 with a "mixed-beams" technique (18 MV photons and 65 MeV fast neutrons). Eight years after the end of treatment, he presented with a radio-induced, high-grade spindle-cell sarcoma. Cytogenetic analysis was performed to confirm the diagnosis. Although the use of external beam radiation therapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been common practice for decades, postirradiation sarcomas have been reported to be rare sequelae of irradiation and, to our knowledge, only a few of them were cytogenetically investigated.
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PMID:Post-irradiation sarcoma after external beam radiation therapy for localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate. 1576 67

A 65-year-old man with a history of combined pelvic external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and brachytherapy for prostatic adenocarcinoma 15 years prior underwent total pelvic exenteration for presumed rectal sarcoma with prostatic invasion. Pathology revealed carcinosarcoma of prostatic origin. This patient exhibited the longest reported interval between initial presentation with prostatic adenocarcinoma and development of carcinosarcoma. This case is also the first reported case of prostatic carcinosarcoma occurring after combined EBRT and brachytherapy. The increasing use of such combination high-dose radiation therapy may potentially lead to an increased incidence of secondary malignancies such as prostatic carcinosarcoma in the future.
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PMID:Prostatic carcinosarcoma 15 years after combined external beam radiation and brachytherapy for prostatic adenocarcinoma: a case report. 1656 46

Prostatic sarcomas are very rare tumours with a very poor prognosis. They may coexist with prostatic adenocarcinoma, in which case they are only diagnosed on histological examination of the operative specimen with identification of sarcoma on immunohistochemical analysis. Due to their rapidly invasive potential, they must be detect early in the course, particularly in young subjects. Certain clinical signs, such as obstructive urinary symptoms in a young man or rectal symptoms in an elderly man are suggestive of sarcoma. In this article, the authors report two cases of prostatic sarcoma surgically treated and present a review of the literature on this disease.
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PMID:[Prostatic sarcoma: Report of two cases]. 1717 64

We report 2 patients with conventional prostatic adenocarcinoma who developed sarcomatoid carcinoma of probable prostatic origin 6 and 2.5 years after radiation treatment (seed implantation and external beam). Our cases had histologic features consistent with those cases previously reported in the literature. The tumors consisted of spindle cells with large hyperchromatic nuclei and a pattern mimicking a sarcoma. Immunohistochemical studies showed the tumors to be weakly positive for EMA, CK7, and vimentin. Ki67 staining showed positivity in more than 50% of tumor cells. The tumors also stained diffusely positive for p53 and p63. PSA and PAP were negative. Clinically, the sarcomatoid carcinomas appeared to be of prostatic origin. The pathogenesis of the tumors is still uncertain but most likely represent a radiation-induced dedifferentiation of prostatic adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:Sarcomatoid carcinoma after radiation treatment of prostatic adenocarcinoma. 1832 77

Prostatic stromal sarcoma (PSS) is quite rare. Herein, we describe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of a PSS identified in a 26-year-old man with dysuria and hematuria. MRI clearly depicted the extent and multinodular appearance of the tumor, which was mainly located in the central zone of the prostate. The tumor appeared as a heterogeneously signal-hyperintense mass with a pseudocapsule on T2-weighted imaging. Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI showed necrotic portions in the gradually enhanced solid mass, and diffusion-weighted imaging permitted the accurate assessment of the local extent of the tumor. Thus, the appearance on MRI was quite different from that of adenocarcinoma of the prostate.
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PMID:MRI appearance of prostatic stromal sarcoma in a young adult. 2185 15


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