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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Needle biopsies of normal, benign hyperplastic, neoplastic and metastatic prostatic tissues were used to study the uptake of 3H testosterone by these tissues and their ability to convert testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. Histological quantification is important because stroma is active in both of these areas of biochemical activity. The 3H testosterone uptake by the tissues is relatively similar but benign prostatic hyperplasia and normal tissue consistently convert more testosterone to dihydrotestosterone than do neoplastic tissues. The least active in this regard are pure biopsies of neoplastic cells obtained from nodal metastases, suggesting extensive loss or repression of 5-alpha-reductase activity. Further, this defect is present in neoplastic tissues even if the patient has had an orchiectomy and/or received hormonal therapy. It is not known whether testosterone may substitute for dihydrotestosterone in the neoplastic nucleus. Our studies indicate that animal models that yield data on suppresion of 5-alpha-reductase activity by certain agents may have limited relevance to the tissues of human prostatic carcinoma.
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PMID:In vitro uptake of 3H testosterone and its conversion to dihydrotestosterone by prostatic carcinoma and other tissues. 6 62

Retrospective review of 160 patients with carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx was accomplished for the period 1964 to 1974. The majority were treated by low dose preoperative radiation and conservation surgery and the rest by preoperative radiation and total laryngectomy or radiation alone. Relapse-free and actuarial 5 year survival for all patients was 71% and 45%, respectively. Of primary and neck failures, 85% occurred within 2 years. Primary, nodal, and distant failures occurred in 11%, 21%, and 14% of all patients, respectively. Of 40 T and/or N failures, 33 (83%) occurred in the neck and three T and six N failures (23%) were surgically salvaged. Voice was preserved in 71% of the patients. Major complications were noted in 16% and minor complications in 26% of surgically managed patients; operative mortality was 4%. The presence of microscopic lymph node metastases best predicted those who would later develop T and/or N failure and distant metastases. Second primary tumors occurred in 26% and the leading cause of death was tumor.
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PMID:Carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx. 10 94

Inhibitors of thymidylate synthetase, 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FUDR) and 5-fluorouracil (FU), enhanced in vitro thymidine labeling of human breast carcinoma cells. Their use resulted in an increase in the measured thymidine labeling index (TLI) of breast carcinomas by increasing detectability of labeled nuclei in autoradiographs. The TLI was measured with FU or FUDR enhancement in primary breast carcinomas from nine women younger than age 50, and from 30 women 50 years or older. The mean and geometric mean TLI were 8.0 and 6.3 respectively for the younger group, and 4.0 and 2.8 respectively for the older group. Similar significant age-associated differences were noted in a series of 133 TLI measurements without FU or FUDR. The TLI was not significantly correlated with primary breast carcinoma size or number of axillary nodal metastases. The capacity to form axillary metastases must be related to factors other than the rate of cell replication in breast carcinomas.
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PMID:Thymidine labeling index of human breast carcinoma. Enhancement of in vitro labeling by 5-fluorouracil and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine. 14 21

Five cases of the type of mammary carcinoma that has been designated "signet-ring cell carcinoma" are presented. This tumor is characterized by the presence of numerous cells containing intracellular mucin, without large amounts of extracellular mucin as is seen in colloid (gelatinous, mucinous) carcinoma of the breast. Although such cells may be seen in many mammary carcinomas, they are never as frequent as in the variant described. Ultrastructurally, the most characteristic finding is the presence of numerous intracellular lumina containing material which appears to represent the mucin identified with the light microscope. This finding differs from that in colloid carcinoma, in which the scantier intracellular mucin occurs in the form of intracytoplasmic membrane-bound vesicles. The five tumors in the present series were all associated with either in situ lobular carcinoma or a "sinus catarrh"-like pattern of nodal metastases, or both. On the basis of these light and electron microscopic data, the signet-ring cell carcinoma is suggested as a variant of infiltrating lobular carcinoma, clinically and pathologically distinct from colloid carcinoma.
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PMID:Signet-ring cell carcinoma of the breast. The mucinous variant of infiltrating lobular carcinoma? 17 13

Over a 22-year span, 87 patients with carcinoma of the papilla of Vater underwent radical pancreatoduodenectomy. No patient was lost to follow-up, and extended observation was possible in most cases: the definitive operation was at least five years earlier than this study in 87% and at least ten years earlier in 73%. Operative mortality was 11.5% among patients who had a single definitive operative procedure and 15.4% among those whose treatment involved reoperation after prior exploration elsewhere. Overall survival rates at two, five, and ten years were 56%, 34%, and 20% respectively. Factors associated with favorable survival were histologic differentiation (Broders grades 1 and 2), absence of nodal metastasis, and papillary histologic characteristics. Noteworthy is the fact that no patient having resection of an undifferentiated carcinoma (Broders grade 3 or 4) survived four years.
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PMID:Radical pancreatoduodenectomy for cancer of the papilla of Vater. 19 76

The S-phase fraction (SPF), defined as the number of cells per hundred that showed evidence of nuclear DNA synthesis detectable by autoradiography after in vitro incubation with tritiated thymidine, was measured in 170 primary, invasive carcinomas of the breast. Assay for estrogen receptor was performed on tissue from 129 carcinomas, and 34 were also assayed for progesterone receptor. The concentration of estradiol-17 beta was measured in the serum of 69 patients. All carcinomas were analyzed for a variety of histologic features and were classified into morphologic types. SPF were lognormally distributed and were negatively correlated with the patient's age and presence of estrogen receptor, but not with presence of progesterone receptor, size of the carcinoma, number of axillary nodal metastases, or concentration of estradiol-17 beta in serum. The SPFs of lobular, mucinous, and tubular carcinomas were consistently low (geometric mean 1.2, range 0.05 to 3.55), and the SPFs of medullary and atypical medullary carcinomas were consistently high (geometric mean 14.0, range 7.77 to 20.2), whereas carcinomas of other types (not otherwise specified) had an intermediate geometric mean (4.7) and a broad range (0.09 to 25.4). The carcinomas that were not otherwise specified could be divided into three groups with different geometric mean SPFs by nuclear morphologic criteria (1.2 for minimal atypicality, 3.5 for moderate, and 7.9 for severe). Therefore it is possible to sort breast carcinomas histologically into groups with low, intermediate, and high SPF. Correlations between SPF, estrogen receptor content, and microscopic morphology indicate the existence of distinctive subpopulations of breast carcinoma that may have epidemiologic and therapeutic importance.
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PMID:Subpopulations of breast carcinoma defined by S-phase fraction, morphology, and estrogen receptor content. 21 52

We studied 202 cases of bronchogenic carcinoma treated surgically between January 1, 1966 and December 31, 1970. Over all, adenocarcinoma was the most common cell type (36.1 per cent). Of 151 patients whose carcinomas were successfully resected, and who lived for at least 30 days postoperatively, 88 had lymph nodes free of cancer. Not surprisingly, 5-year survival was related to lymph node metatases and cell type. The best over-all 5-year survival rate was for large cell carcinoma; it was 52.0 per cent without nodal involvement. Similar figures for epidermoid carcinoma were 29.0 per cent over all, and 26.3 per cent without lymph node involvement; for adenocarcinoma, 19.3 per cent over all, and 32.0 per cent without nodal involvement. For the entire group of 151 patients, the 5-year survival rate was 27.8 per cent over all, and 36.4 per cent without nodal metastases. Among resected patients with mediastinal lymph nodes positive for cancer, the 5-year survival rates were 1 of 10 patients with large cell carcinoma, 1 of 19 patients with adenocarcinoma, and 3 of 12 patients with epidermoid carcinoma. This suggests that in patients with epidermoid carcinoma, the presence of mediastinal lymph node metastases is not, in itself, an absolute contraindication to resectional therapy.
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PMID:The influence of cell type and lymph node metastases on survival of patients with carcinoma of the lung undergoing thoracotomy. 21 36

Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid pursues a long course of local nodal metastases and rarely leads to death. This case reports an occult thyroid tumor which presented as a serous effusion with pure papillary carcinoma. At autopsy, both papillary and undifferentiated carcinoma were found in the thyroid. Although the pleural component was papillary, the fulminant course was that of an undifferentiated carcinoma.
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PMID:Papillary and undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma presenting as a metastatic papillary serous effusion. A case report. 29 66

Three hundred and two female breast carcinomas were assessed histologically with special attention focused on the nuclear grade of the tumor, the stromal lymphocyte reaction and the morphology of the paracortical areas of the regional lymph nodes. These morphologic parameters were correlated with the 5-year survival data of the patients. Nuclear grade of the primary tumor was directly positively related to the 5-year survival as was the paracortical activity of the regional lymph nodes. The paracortical activity was inversely related to the frequency of nodal metastases which were a sign of poor prognosis. The value of the morphology of the regional lymph node paracortex in evaluating the criteria of host resistance in association with breast carcinoma is emphasized.
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PMID:Paracortical activity in the lymph nodes draining female breast carcinoma. 31 1

The tumor-nodes-metastases (TNM) staging classification for gastric carcinoma was applied to 50 consecutive cases of primary gastric lymphoma. Survival statistics were obtained for each respective stage category and were remarkably similar to survival statistics for gastric carcinoma. Overall, patients with primary gastric lymphoma have a much better prognosis for survival than patients with gastric carcinoma since the latter present with far more frequent serosal penetration and nodal and distant metastases. Penetration of gastric lymphoma beyond the serosa is associated with a significantly decreased 5-year survival rate from 88 to 24%, and the presence of perigastric nodal involvement decreased the survival rate from 88 to 32%.
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PMID:Factors in the prognosis of gastric lymphoma. 32 39


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