Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A recently studied tumor antigen, MN, has been associated with cervical carcinomas and cervical intraepithelial neoplasms (CIN), suggesting that it may serve as a marker for cervical cancer or cancer risk. To determine if expression of the MN antigen paralleled parameters reflecting viral or biological events in precursor epithelium, MN expression was correlated with MIB-1 expression, morphological phenotype, and human papillomavirus (HPV) distribution and type in a series of CINs. Seventy-three percent, 62% and 83% of CIN I, II, and III, respectively, were MN antigen positive. The proportion of neoplastic cells immunoreactive for MN did not correlate with the CIN grade or with HPV types stratified by their association with cancer. Evaluation of serial sections showed no correlation between the frequency of MN antigen staining, the proportion of MIB-1 immunoreactive cells, or the proportion of HPV positive cells detected by in situ hybridization (ISH). CINs associated with prototypical high risk (HPV 16) types exhibited increased immunostaining for the MIB-1 antigen and were more often classified as HSIL in contrast to the other types. Thus, although MN expression previously has been associated strongly with squamous carcinoma, it did not emerge as a specific marker for either cancer-associated HPV types or high grade CIN. CIN I lesions associated with low and high risk HPV types were not distinguished by MIB-1 expression and viral replication. This emphasizes the interrelationship between vegetative viral functions (including viral replication) and morphological phenotype, irrespective of HPV type.
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PMID:Viral and histopathologic correlates of MN and MIB-1 expression in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. 860 33

A highly immunogenic peptide motif within the tandem repeat domain of MUC1 mucin is assumed to be exposed during development of breast cancer due to altered O-glycosylation. To elucidate the structural aspects of these changes, we have isolated and analysed the integrated or secretory MUC1 glycoforms from carcinoma cell lines or solid tumors and from human milk. The buoyant densities measured in CsCl gradients for MUC1 glycoforms from cancer cells revealed heterogeneity of the physicochemical species and a significant reduction of their carbohydrate contents compared to MUC1 from skim milk. Immunoreactivity patterns of MUC1 glycoforms from tumor or T47D cells exhibited a lack of fucosylated Lewis blood-group-related antigens and the appearance of core-type antigen sialyl(NeuGl)-TF, Gal beta 1-3(NeuGl alpha 2-6)GalNAc. Structural chemistry of MUC1 oligosaccharides demonstrated that the cancer-associated glycoforms carry mainly sialylated trisaccharides NeuAc alpha 2-3Gal Beta 1-3GalNAc or NeuAc alpha 2-6(Gal beta l-3)GalNAc, exhibit a concomitant decrease in the ratio of GlcNAc/GalNAc, a reduction or disappearance of L-fucose, and a partial substitution of N-acetylneuraminic acid by the N-glycolylated variant. On comparison to the secretory MUC1 in human milk, the glycoforms on human milk fat globule membranes showed apparently identical patterns of O-linked oligosaccharides with a preponderance of neutral polylactosamino-glycans. During serum-free cultivation of T47D cells over 4 weeks, the expression of secretory MUC1 glycoforms was inconsistent based on the decreasing contents of sialic acid and on the concomitant increase of immunodetectable TF antigen.
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PMID:MUC1 glycoforms in breast cancer--cell line T47D as a model for carcinoma-associated alterations of 0-glycosylation. 861 81

We have demonstrated marked effects of social housing condition on the growth rate of the androgen-responsive Shionogi mouse mammary carcinoma. The present study investigated the possible role of psychosocial variables in modulating the differential tumor growth rates observed. Male DD/S mice were reared individually housed (I) or in groups (G) of three or five siblings or nonsiblings. Following tumor cell injection, mice either remained in their rearing conditions (II, GG) or were rehoused (IG, GI). Effects of group size, sibling relationship, dominance status, change vs. no change in housing condition, and direction of change (individual to group or group to individual) were examined. Home cage behaviors were monitored both prior to and following tumor cell injection and rehousing. Overall, mice in the GI conditions showed faster tumor growth rates than mice in the IG conditions. Mice in the II and GG conditions showed intermediate tumor growth rates. Differences in group size and sibling relationship prior to and following tumor cell injection and rehousing had no significant influence on tumor growth rates. However, both change in housing condition and direction of change following tumor cell injection/rehousing were significant variables in modulating differential tumor growth rates. Dominance status differentially influenced tumor growth depending on whether mice experienced a change in housing; in the IG conditions, dominant mice showed faster tumor growth whereas in the GG conditions, dominant mice showed slower tumor growth than subordinate mice. Increased fighting among mice in IG compared to mice in GG conditions may play a role in modulating differential tumor growth rates.
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PMID:Effects of social housing condition and behavior on growth of the Shionogi mouse mammary carcinoma. 877 46

The monoclonal antibody 5-D-4 recognizes heavily sulphated forms of keratan sulphate epitope. It reacted strongly with the cell surfaces of most thyroid papillary carcinomas from all the individuals examined, independently of the blood group of the patients. Cells of follicular variants of papillary carcinomas were also labelled by 5-D-4. In contrast, no labelling with this antibody was observed in other types of thyroid neoplasms, or in normal tissues. The reactivity of 5-D-4 with papillary carcinomas was markedly reduced or abolished by prior digestion with endo-beta-galactosidase, keratanase II, or N-glycosidase F. Although keratanase digestion had no effect on 5-D-4 labelling, it revealed the binding sites of Griffonia simplicifolia agglutinin II (GSA-II), which recognizes terminal N-acetylglucosamine in a limited number of carcinoma cells from some individuals. Blood group ABH antigens, which are simultaneously expressed together with keratan sulphate epitope in cancer cells, were eliminated by digestion with endo-beta-galactosidase and N-glycosidase F, but were resistant to keratanase and keratanase II treatment. These results indicate that keratan sulphate oligosaccharides are cancer-associated and are probably oncofoetal antigens, as are the blood group antigens in human thyroid glands. The results suggests that poly-N-acetyllactosamine, which is ubiquitously and consistently produced in papillary carcinomas, is modified in two different ways: sulphation on the 6-position of at least some units of either galactose or N-acetylglucosamine or both, and decoration of non-reducing termini with the blood group antigens. Along with the endo-beta-galactosidase-GSA-II labelling procedure, labelling with 5-D-4 may be a useful diagnostic means for distinguishing papillary carcinoma from other types of thyroid neoplasms.
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PMID:Simultaneous expression of keratan sulphate epitope (a sulphated poly-N-acetyllactosamine) and blood group ABH antigens in papillary carcinomas of the human thyroid gland. 891 32

To assess the effect of chronic sleep deprivation on host defense, we observed growth and regression of a subdermal allogenic carcinoma (Walker 256 rat tumor) in rats undergoing 10 days of total sleep deprivation (TSD rats), yoked stimulus control (TSC) rats that were partially sleep deprived, and home cage control (HCC) rats. Tumor size was measured daily. Integrated tumor size was smaller in TSD rats than in both TSC (P = 0.04) and HCC rats (P = 0.0003). Thus host defense against these tumors (as defined by reduction in tumor size) was improved by sleep deprivation. This improvement could be a nonspecific effect, e.g., tumor growth can be inhibited by a catabolic state (dietary restriction). TSD and TSC rats lost body weight, indicating a catabolic state. However, tumor size was not predicted by body weight change, but was predicted by change in sleep time (P = 0.02). Host defense enhancement could alternatively result from enhanced immune response. Early tumor size (5 days) was similar in the three groups, but peaked sooner in TSD rats than in both TSC (P = 0.05) and HCC rats (P = 0.01), leading to large differences in size later. Immune-suppressed rats also showed little difference from HCC rats in early growth but large differences later. Thus host defense in an in vivo model that manifests a systemic immune response can be enhanced by sleep deprivation with timing, which is consistent with an enhancement of the immune response.
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PMID:Effect of extended sleep deprivation on tumor growth in rats. 1127 Mar 75

Titanium plate has been widely used in several surgical fields, such as craniofacial reconstruction and orthopedic prosthesis. This prosthesis has been proved not only with good biocompatibility and mechanical strength, but also with light weight and low radiological interference. From October 1991 to May 1995, 6 patients underwent thoracic cage reconstruction with titanium plate in our hospital. They included 5 females and 1 male, with ages ranging from 26 to 62 years. Four of them suffered from primary chest wall tumors (2 desmoid tumors, a chondrosarcoma, and 1 hemangioma), one had a recurrent chest wall tumor from breast carcinoma, and one had thoracic hypoplasia. The thoracic cage defect ranged from 5 x 6 cm to 10 x 15 cm, and 1 to 3 titanium plates were used for the reconstruction. No paradoxical movement or other prosthesis-related complications have occurred during the follow-up period. We conclude that titanium plate is a good material for thoracic cage reconstruction.
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PMID:Using titanium plate or meshplate for chest wall reconstruction: report of 6 cases and literature review. 894 51

A 71-year-old man with a pulmonary carcinoma had torsion of the right upper lobe of the lung. A chest radiogram showed change of the opacified lobe in position. At right thoracotomy, we found that the atelectatic right upper lobe occupied with a giant tumor moved freely in the right thoracic cage due to the defect of parenchymal bridge between the contiguous lobes. Though lung torsion is a rare event, it might be kept in mind as a complication of malignant tumors or life-threatening lung infarctions.
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PMID:[A case of right upper lobe carcinoma with lung torsion changed in position]. 896 97

We report an elderly woman with rapidly progressive painless, woody induration of the hands. Mild diabetes mellitus was demonstrated. Skin biopsy features included broad fibrous bands extending deeply into subcutaneous fat, a mild mononuclear cell infiltrate, and post-thrombotic recanalization of a deep vessel in one specimen. The patient developed uncontrolled haematemesis and was demonstrated at laparotomy to have disseminated pancreatic carcinoma. The unusual clinical features and temporal relationship between the skin changes and the tumour suggest a paraneoplastic eruption. Which appears best classified as an example of cancer-associated fasciitis-panniculitis syndrome.
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PMID:Woody hands in a patient with pancreatic carcinoma: a variant of cancer-associated fasciitis--panniculitis syndrome. 897 27

Hypercalcaemia is an important cause of morbidity in malignant disease. We studied the efficacy and safety of intravenous ibandronate (a new, potent bisphosphonate) in a multicentre study of 147 patients with severe cancer-associated hypercalcaemia which had been resistant to treatment with rehydration alone. Of 131 randomized patients who were eligible for evaluation, 45 were allocated to receive 2 mg ibandronate, 44 patients to receive 4 mg and 42 patients to receive 6 mg. Serum calcium values fell progressively in each group from day 2, reaching a nadir at day 5, and in some patients normocalcaemia was maintained for up to 36 days after treatment. The 2-mg dose was significantly less effective than the 4-mg or 6-mg dose in correcting hypercalcaemia, as the number of patients who achieved serum calcium values below 2.7 mM after treatment was 50% in the 2-mg group compared with 75.6% in the 4-mg group and 77.4% in the 6-mg group (P < 0.05; 2 mg vs others). In a logistic regression analysis, three factors were found to predict response; ibandronate dose (higher doses were more effective), severity of presenting hypercalcaemia (severe hypercalcaemia was associated with less complete response) and tumour type (patients with breast carcinoma and haematological tumours responded better than those with other tumours). Ibandronate was generally well tolerated and no serious drug-related adverse events were observed. We conclude that ibandronate is a safe, well tolerated and effective treatment for cancer-associated hypercalcaemia, which should prove a useful addition to the current range of therapies available to treat this condition.
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PMID:Dose-response study of ibandronate in the treatment of cancer-associated hypercalcaemia. 901 41

A variety of paraneoplastic syndromes affect the central nervous system including eye. So far, two types of retinopathy are known to be associated with patients with malignancies, cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR), and melanoma-associated retinopathy (MAR). CAR is associated with epithelial cancers, mostly lung small cell carcinoma, and is characterized by retinitis pigmentosa-like retinal degeneration. Usually CAR can be found before an underlying primary cancer is diagnosed. MAR is associated with cutaneous malignant melanoma and is characterized by the relatively sudden onset of photophobia and nyctalopsia. The flash electroretinogram (ERG) of MAR patients shows a negative waveform, reduced b-wave amplitude, and reservation of a-wave amplitude, suggesting that bipolar cells may be affected. CAR and MAR are believed to result from an autoimmune response. In CAR, a calcium binding protein called recoverin, a 70 kDa protein, and neurofilaments are the retinal antigens recognized by the patient's serum. In contrast, the retinal antigens in MAR have not yet been identified, although patient sera specifically recognized retinal bipolar cells in immunocytochemistry.
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PMID:[Cancer-associated retinopathy]. 913 65


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