Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To elucidate the relationship between atypical epithelial growth and cancer of the papilla of Vater, histologic, histochemical, and immunohistochemical observations were made of the autopsy cases of mainly elderly people. The atypical grades of the epithelium were histologically classified into five groups: normal epithelium, Group 1; mild atypism, nonmalignant, Group 2; moderate atypism, borderline, Group 3; severe atypism, possibly malignant, Group 4; and apparent carcinoma, Group 5. The incidences of each group in 576 autopsy cases were 65.8%, 30.0%, 3.1%, 0.9%, and 0.2, respectively. The atypical epithelia were observed with the highest incidence in the common pancreaticobiliary channel. The immunohistochemical stainings for cancer-associated antigens (carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA] and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 [CA 19-9]) and histochemical stainings for mucin (periodic acid-Schiff [PAS] and alcian blue [AB], pH 2.5 and pH 1.0) revealed that most of the Group 1 and 2 epithelia were negative for CEA and positive for AB, pH 2.5. Group 3 and 4 epithelia were negative for both CEA and AB, and Group 5 epithelia were positive for CEA but negative for AB (chi-square test, P less than 0.01). A combination of CEA and AB pH 2.5 stainings may be helpful in the histologic diagnosis of normal epithelium to mild atypism, moderate to severe atypism, and carcinoma. The study on the relationships between atypical epithelia showed that some carcinomas of the papilla of Vater may arise from atypical epithelia.
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PMID:Incidence, sites of origin, and immunohistochemical and histochemical characteristics of atypical epithelium and minute carcinoma of the papilla of Vater. 342 32

The clinical and pathologic findings in 42 autopsy proved cases of cerebral infarction from cancer-associated non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis were reviewed. Carcinoma of the lung was the most common malignancy. Most patients had disseminated cancer, but in six patients, the condition was stable or in remission, and six patients had localized cancer; two patients were not known to have cancer until neurologic symptoms developed. Neurologic symptoms were focal, suggesting stroke in 18; diffuse, suggesting metabolic encephalopathy in nine; and mixed in five. Neurologic signs were often the only evidence of thromboembolism. The definitive diagnostic test was cerebral angiography showing multiple arterial occlusions. Anticoagulation with heparin appeared to help some patients and did not promote brain hemorrhage. Early diagnosis and vigorous treatment of non-bacterial endocarditis may prevent severe neurologic disability.
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PMID:Cerebral infarction from non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis. Clinical and pathological study including the effects of anticoagulation. 367 60

This case-control study of nasal and paranasal sinus tumors, in males diagnosed between 1978 and 1981 in the Netherlands, was designed to identify environmental risk factors. Special attention was given to assessing any association between nasal cancer and an occupational history of possible formaldehyde exposure while taking into account histologic type of tumor, history of tobacco use, and occupational exposure to wood dust. Of the 116 cases and 259 controls identified, interviews were completed for 91 (78%) of the cases and 195 (75%) of the controls. Adenocarcinoma was strongly associated with a history of high wood dust exposure (RR = 27.0). Two independent assessments of the association between possible formaldehyde exposure and the risk for nasal cancer were carried out (Assessments A and B). By Assessment A the relative risk for nasal cancer associated with possible formaldehyde exposure was 2.5 and by Assessment B it was 1.9. The risk appeared to be most strongly associated with squamous-cell carcinoma and could not be attributed to differences between cases and controls in age, smoking habits, or wood dust exposure. By its retrospective nature, the classification of formaldehyde exposure in this study is not based on known exposures to formaldehyde but on assessment of employment in jobs where formaldehyde exposure is thought possible. Given the limitations of the study, the authors do not consider that it provides conclusive evidence of a carcinogenic effect for formaldehyde, but that it indicates a need for further research--particularly into formaldehyde and squamous carcinoma of the nose.
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PMID:Cancer of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, and formaldehyde exposure. 395 59

Two hundred and thirty-six cases of multiple primary cancer associated with hematological malignancies, collected from 35 medical institutions in Japan, are reported. Based on the time interval between the first cancer and the second cancer, they were divided into three groups: synchronous cancer (94 cases), metachronous cancer subsequent to hematological malignancy (61 cases) and metachronous hematological malignancy subsequent to carcinoma (76 cases). The most common initial cancers were acute leukemia (including atypical leukemia and erythroleukemia), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma and chronic myelogenous leukemia of the hematological malignancies, and gastric cancer of the carcinomas. Patients with cancer of the uterus and breast in the metachronous cancer group metachronously developed hematological malignancies more frequently than those in the synchronous cancer group. Multiple primary cancer was observed more frequently in men than in women both in the synchronous cancer group and in the group with metachronous cancer subsequent to hematological malignancies. Acute leukemia was the most frequent disease type in incidence among the metachronous hematological malignancies. This secondary acute leukemia was characterized by a mostly granulocytic nature, poor response to chemotherapy and poor prognosis.
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PMID:Multiple primary cancers associated with hematological malignancies. 400 83

Distinguishing cutaneous signs which are associated with hereditary cancer-prone syndromes are known as cancer-associated genodermatoses. Muir-Torre syndrome (M-T) is characterized by the occurrence of sebaceous hyperplasia, adenoma and carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation, and/or keratoacanthoma in association with visceral cancer (often multiple), and improved survival. Family studies of M-T have been either wholly lacking or too incomplete to elucidate hereditary aetiology. We describe the cutaneous phenotype of M-T in an extended kindred with a possible variant of the Cancer Family Syndrome. We emphasize the need for more thorough documentation of family histories and cancer association in this cancer-associated genodermatosis in order to clarify hereditary syndrome identification, and to improve cancer control through employment of cutaneous signs as a beacon for highly targeted forms of visceral cancer.
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PMID:Muir-Torre syndrome in several members of a family with a variant of the Cancer Family Syndrome. 406 66

The case presented illustrates the application of the immunoperoxidase technique to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology. The cytologic findings in a Papanicolaou-stained slide of the CSF permitted the diagnosis of a metastatic carcinoma. Positive reactions to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were demonstrated in the tumor cells in the CSF sample as well as in the paraffin-embedded section of the primary rectal cancer. Rising CEA levels were also detected in both CSF and serum. The determination of cancer-associated antigens, such as CEA in the CSF specimen, may be useful in establishing the presence of metastatic tumor in the CSF.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical demonstration of carcinoembryonic antigen in cerebrospinal fluid with carcinomatous meningitis from rectal cancer. 638 Jan 84

A large metastatic squamous carcinoma of the anterior chest wall was managed by en-bloc resection of the thoracic wall. The extensive defect resulting from the resection was bridged with Marlex mesh superimposed on an omental flap that served as recipient to partial-thickness skin grafts. This composite reconstruction restored an efficient bellows action to the chest cage, manifested by the lack of anterior flailing and postoperative spirometry values, measured at the bedside, that were 75% of those obtained preoperatively. During the initial postoperative period, however, mechanical ventilatory assistance was required to treat an adult respiratory distress syndrome that together with mild anterior flailing made early extubation impossible.
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PMID:Resection of a metastatic sternal carcinoma and reconstruction of the chest wall: a case report. 638 71

Histochemical techniques reveal the functional divergence of carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract and their tissues of origin. The principal changes are either the impairment or loss of normal functions or the acquisition of new functions. The latter may be those of heterologous adult tissues (metaplasia) or foetal tissues. Dysplasia or intra-epithelial neoplasia is regarded as a selective precancerous lesion. One might predict the functional profiles of dysplasia to be intermediate between those of normal and carcinomatous tissues. This appears to be only partially true in that high grade dysplasia (amounting to carcinoma-in-situ) will show appropriate cancer-associated changes, whereas low grade dysplasia may be functionally identical to its normal counterpart. Paradoxically, it is possible to demonstrate cancer-associated changes in non-neoplastic lesions such as incomplete intestinal metaplasia of gastric mucosa and both metaplastic polyps and transitional mucosa of the colorectum. If a proportion of the changes occurring in the course of malignant transformation have a metaplastic basis, it is possible that these are caused by the same environmental agents which lead to benign metaplasias. Benign metaplastic lesions may signal the presence of a potentially carcinogenic microenvironment, whilst some, such as incomplete intestinal metaplasia, are regarded as precancerous.
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PMID:Histochemistry of epithelial metaplasia and dysplasia in human stomach and colorectum. 659 44

Eighty-three breasts obtained at random autopsy, which were presumed to be at low risk for development of cancer, and 107 cancer-associated breasts (containing cancer or contralateral to cancer-containing breasts), which were presumed to be at high risk, were studied in their entirety using a subgross slicer method with histologic confirmation. Twelve breasts (14 per cent) from the random autopsy series had from one to 13 radial scars each, with an average of 7.7 radial scars per involved breast; the average number of radial scars per breast for the entire series of 83 breasts from the autopsy series was 1.1. Twenty-eight breasts (26 per cent) of those from cancer-associated series had from one to 31 radial scars each, with an average of 15.5 per involved breast; the average number of radial scars per breast for the entire series of 107 cancer-associated breasts was 4.4. Radial scars are observed in breasts from patients in the same age--37 to about 85 years--in both series. Atypical epithelial hyperplasia ( epitheliosis ) was less frequent and less severe in breasts from the random autopsy series than in the cancer-associated breasts. Invasive carcinoma was not found in step sections of any of the radial scars; however, carcinoma in situ of the ductal type was found in the radiating arms of one. It is concluded that the presence of radial scars is at least a "marker" for enhanced tissue risk for cancer development, in much the same manner that some other mammary dysplastic features are "markers." The data do not support or definitely negate the hypothesis that tubular carcinoma develops in radial scars and subsequently evolves into the more common types of cancer, as proposed by some authors.
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PMID:Subgross pathologic features and incidence of radial scars in the breast. 672 67

A distinctive glycopeptide, which acts as an acceptor for a cancer-associated galactosyltransferase, has been detected in sera and effusions of patients with extensive carcinoma. Cancer-associated galactosyltransferase acceptor (CAGA) purified from human malignant effusions was tested for its effects on cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Addition of the glycopeptide to the media of cells growing in tissue culture significantly inhibited the attachment and growth of transformed cells but had minimal effect on nontransformed cells. Transformed hamster cells (BHKpy, BHKpygiv, Nilpy) and human malignant cells (BT-20 human breast, pancreatic and colonic carcinoma cells) were killed by the addition of as little as 0.5 microgram of acceptor (per ml of medium); whereas nontransformed counterparts did not show a significant change in growth or morphology. In vivo studies showed that the acceptor inhibited development and progression of tumors in hamsters inoculated with tumorigenic BHKpy cells and in nude mice inoculated with human carcinoma cells. Growth of tumors was inhibited 69--94% in animals given 20 micrograms of acceptor subcutaneously and 39--67% when acceptor was given intraperitoneally at the time of tumor cell inoculation. Administration of the acceptor after the development of palpable tumor (congruent to 0.5 cm) caused a 60--85% reduction in growth rate and, in some cases, actual reduction in size and disappearance of palpable tumor. These studies demonstrate that a galactosyltransferase glycopeptide acceptor purified from human malignant effusions produces selective inhibition of transformed cell growth in animal and tissue culture systems.
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PMID:Cancer-associated galactosyltransferase acceptor: inhibition of transformed cell and tumor growth. 676


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