Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

All cases of laryngocoele in the English literature have been reviewed and a further nine added, making a total of 139. The sex incidence is 5:I in favour of men, and the maximum age incidence is in the sixth decade. Approximately two out of three laryngocoeles are unilateral and they may be combined, external or internal, with roughly equal frequency; about 8 per cent become infected and present as pyocoele. The commonest presenting symptoms are hoarseness and a lump in the neck, with almost equal frequency. There is only one case on record where the laryngocoele could have been caused by prolonged and repeated blowing against resistance. This factor appears to play no part in the cause of laryngocoele though increased air pressure in the larynx may make an already existing laryngocoele manifest; this increased air pressure may be caused by a co-existing carcinoma. Laryngocoeles appear to be an atavistic remnant from the higher apes, particularly those who use their arms with the thoracic cage fixed whilst swinging through the trees.
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PMID:Laryngocoele. 117 26

Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes are mostly associated with small cell lung cancer. Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome appears to be caused by anti-presynaptic calcium channel antibodies. Calcium channels are also present in the cell membrane of small cell lung cancer, which may trigger the formation of anti-calcium channel antibodies. It is the most convincing argument in support of the auto-immune paraneoplastic theory, which refers to cross-antigenicity. Serum of patients with small cell carcinoma and cancer-associated retinopathy contains immunoglobulins against several antigens in the retinal and tumor cells. Patients with chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction (gastrointestinal neuropathy) associated with small cell lung cancer displayed circulating IgG antibodies reactive with neurons of myenteric plexus (anti-enteric neuronal antibodies). On the other hand, high levels of anti-neuronal antibodies (anti-Hu) have been found in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients suffering from subacute encephalomyelitis (limbic encephalitis, cerebellar degeneration, sensory neuronopathy) associated with small cell lung cancer. The pathogenic role of the anti-neuronal antibody is not well established. Nevertheless, the finding of high titer antineuronal antibody in patients with a suggestive clinical syndrome is of great interest since it confirms the paraneoplastic syndrome and suggests the location of the primary tumor when the cancer is unknown.
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PMID:[Autoimmunity and cancer: paraneoplastic neurological syndromes associated with small cell cancer]. 133 87

The relationship of abnormal nuclear morphology to molecular genetic alterations that are important in colorectal tumorigenesis is unknown. Therefore, Feulgen-stained isolated nuclei from 22 adenomas and 42 carcinomas that had been analyzed for ras gene mutations and allelic deletions on chromosomes 5q, 18q, and 17p were characterized by computerized image analysis. Both nuclear area and the nuclear shape factor representing irregularity correlated with adenoma-carcinoma progression (r = 0.57 and r = 0.52, P < 0.0001), whereas standard nuclear texture, a parameter of chromatin homogeneity, was inversely correlated with progression (r = -0.80, P < 0.0001). The nuclear parameters were strongly interrelated (P < 0.0005). In multivariate analysis, the nuclear parameters were predominantly associated with adenoma-carcinoma progression (P < or = 0.0001) and were not influenced significantly by the individual molecular genetic alterations. Nuclear texture, however, was inversely correlated with fractional allelic loss, a global measure of genetic changes, in carcinomas (r = -0.39, P = 0.011). The findings indicate that nuclear morphology in colorectal neoplasms is strongly related to tumor progression. Nuclear morphology and biologic behavior appear to be influenced by accumulated alterations in cancer-associated genes.
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PMID:The relationship of quantitative nuclear morphology to molecular genetic alterations in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence of the large bowel. 135 73

Biologic properties of breast cancer in men that might reflect alterations in pathogenesis from the disease in women were examined. We studied 22 tumors from males, 18 invasive carcinomas, three of which were papillary, and three in situ tumors of which one was papillary, and one papilloma. Our data support the previously reported high incidence of papillary carcinoma in men. Estrogen receptor status and the expression of cancer-associated antigens recognized by antibodies DF3, B73.2, SP-1, and c-erbB-2 were compared to matched tumors from females. Immunocytochemistry was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections using standard avidin-biotin techniques; anti-PSA was used to exclude the possibility of metatastic prostate cancer, and 12 cases of gynecomastia were included as nonmalignant controls. The incidence of estrogen receptor positivity was higher in tumors from males (73%) than from females (54%), as has been reported previously. The range of expression of all breast cancer antigens tested in male tumors was similar to that observed in females, but some interesting differences were noted. With the exception of the anti-mucin DF3, all the antibodies reacted only with neoplastic tissues. Expression of the oncoprotein c-erbB-2 was lower (17%) in males than in females (33%), despite the preponderance in men of the large-cell type carcinomas that have been associated with c-erbB-2 expression. Unexpectedly, the pregnancy-associated hormone detected by SP-1 was expressed in 33% of tumors from males and, in contrast to females, was found in less differentiated tumors.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical characterization of male breast cancer. 136 97

The extracellular matrix adhesion molecule fibronectin exhibits different isoforms derived by alternative splicing as well as recently demonstrated variation in O-glycosylation. Although fibronectin is widely distributed in normal tissues, the individual isoforms have been found to show restricted tissue distribution and association with malignancies. The monoclonal antibody FDC-6 defines a cancer-associated de novo glycosylation of a specific threonine residue in the C-terminal region of the fibronectin molecule termed oncofetal fibronectin. Here we report an immunohistological study of oral squamous cell carcinomas (n = 33), premalignant lesions (n = 15), and normal oral mucosa (n = 10) using the FDC-6 antibody. A selective expression of the oncofetal fibronectin epitope was demonstrated in close relation to the invading carcinoma, whereas no staining was observed in premalignant lesions without epithelial dysplasia, or in normal epithelium. Furthermore, we attempted to identify additional carbohydrate-related epitopes distinguishing fibronectin of human hepatoma cell line HUH-7 from plasma fibronectin. No novel epitopes were identified, as all generated monoclonal antibodies lacking reactivity with plasma fibronectin showed the same specificity as FDC-6. Previous studies have indicated that the de novo glycosylation is induced by a novel transferase activity only found in fetal and carcinoma cell lines, placenta and hepatoma tissues. Here we provide further evidence that a purified UDP-GalNAc:peptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase from normal bovine thymus and human placentae is incapable of utilizing the hexapeptide VTHPGY as a substrate. The results demonstrate that oncofetal fibronectin is highly associated with malignancy, and appears to be induced by expression of a unique glycosyltransferase or modification of the specificity of the normally expressed transferase.
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PMID:Cancer-associated changes in glycosylation of fibronectin. Immunohistological localization of oncofetal fibronectin defined by monoclonal antibodies. 138

An antigen, protein X (Px), was purified from immune complexes isolated from malignant pleural effusions from patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung by EDTA treatment, PEG 8000 precipitation, protein A affinity chromatography, and Sephadex G-200 separation in the presence of 3 M NaCl. The purified antigen had a M(r) 17,000 by SDS-PAGE, and consisted of isoelectric species of pI 6.3 and 6.6. Purified Px recombined with Ig isolated from pleural fluids from patients with lung adenocarcinoma, but not with Ig from patients with breast carcinoma. Using an autologous human and heterologous chicken antibody, Px was found, by immunohistology, in the cytoplasm of some of the well-differentiated lung adenocarcinoma cells, but was not seen in normal lung or a variety of other malignant tissues. A liquid-phase competitive-inhibition RIA was developed. Over 30 ng/ml of Px were found in 9 of 15 pleural fluids from patients with lung carcinoma, none of 20 from patients with breast, ovary, stomach or colon cancer, and in 3 of 15 patients with unknown primary tumor. Our data suggest that Px may be a lung-cancer-associated autoantigen which can elicit a host humoral response in vivo.
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PMID:Characterization of a lung-cancer-associated auto-antigen. 139 30

The clinical and electrophysiological data of 18 consecutive adult patients with paraneoplastic Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LMES) have been reviewed. The cancer associated with LEMS was small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) in 15 cases and epidermoid lung carcinoma in 3 cases. The main clinical neurological features were proximal lower limb weakness (100%), depressed tendon reflexes (94%) and dryness of the mouth (66%). The results of repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) were not statistically different in the paraneoplastic LEMS group and in a group of 6 LMS patients in whom no carcinoma had been detected. Low-amplitude compound muscle action potential (CMAP) was present in all cases; decremental response at low stimulation rates was present in 13/15 cases. An abnormal incremental response at high stimulation rates was observed in all cases. A close correlation between CMAP amplitude and clinical condition was found in 4 cases during the long-term follow-up. In one patient the RNS electrical pattern could be misinterpreted as myasthenia gravis in only one muscle tested. We underline the usefulness of a 50 Hz stimulation during 4 seconds to establish the diagnosis unequivocally, and that of post-exercise facilitation in routine detection among an SCLC population. Our results suggest that CAMP amplitude and RNS test could be used to evaluate the short-term improvement of LMS under treatment and, in some cases, for the long-term follow-up. The infraclinical axonal neuropathy detected in 8 patients probably was another associated autoimmune paraneoplastic complication.
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PMID:[Lambert-Eaton syndrome: clinical and electrophysiological study of 18 cases associated with lung cancer]. 144 71

In this study, we analyzed 149 surgical cases of colorectal cancer between January 1983 and August 1989. Thirteen cases (8.7 percent) of colorectal primary cancer associated with extracolonic primary malignancy of 14 lesions and 10 cases (6.7 percent) of multiple primary colorectal cancers were included. Among the 14 lesions of extracolonic primary malignancy, there were 6 gastric carcinomas, 2 endometrial carcinomas, 2 urinary bladder carcinomas, and one each in the esophagus, liver, bile duct and jejunum. The second tumor was not detected preoperatively in 3 of 4 cases of synchronous multiple primary colorectal carcinoma. A curative resection was done in 10 (77 percent) out of 13 cases of colorectal cancer associated with extracolonic malignancy, while 7 (88 percent) out of 8 cases of multiple colorectal cancers had a curative resection. Nine patients (69 percent) with colorectal cancer associated with extracolonic malignancy were disease-free for 2 months to 14 years. Seven patients (88 percent) with multiple colorectal cancers were disease-free for one to 22 years. We recommend, therefore, that in any patient with colorectal cancer, the entire large bowel should be thoroughly searched for any other primary tumors, by taking the existence of extracolonic tumors into account. A curative resection should be performed, and the follow-up period should be life-long.
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PMID:Multiple colorectal carcinomas and colorectal carcinoma associated with extracolonic malignancies. 149 1

During a 5-year period, we examined by endoscopy or surgery 2634 stomachs: 2536 (group A) were free of lesions commonly recognized as mucosal "polyps"; 74 (group B) exhibited hyperplastic polyps; and 24 (group C) were found with neoplastic (adenomatous) polyps. Carcinomas were present in 318 (12.5%) of specimens in group A, compared with 10 (13.5%) in group B and 20 (83.3%) in group C. In the third group, 14 carcinomas were encountered within polyps, and 4 carcinomas occurred separately. The frequency of cancer associated with neoplastic polyps was relatively low (1 of 3) in patients younger than 50 years, but significantly high (19 of 21) in older patients. This series confirms the prevailing concept that patients harboring gastric adenomatous polyps are at distinct risk of gastric carcinoma, a risk that sharply rises with age. We conclude that patients found with gastric adenomatous polyps should be subject to careful and continued surveillance to ensure that supervening carcinoma be detected at the earliest possible phase.
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PMID:Association between histologic type of polyp and carcinoma in the stomach. 151 25

Breast cancer cells are characterized by frequent occurrence of the DF 3 breast-cancer associated antigen in the cytoplasmic area. This study elucidated the details of this cytoplasmic reactivity by immunoelectron microscopy. In infiltrating breast carcinomas, the DF 3 antigen was localized in rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER), perinuclear space, Golgi complex, membrane-bound granules and along the outer surface of cell membrane. The antigen was also accumulated in the cytosol. In contrast to this, benign lesions showed localization of the DF 3 antigen mainly along the outer surface of apical cell membrane and rarely in rER or cytosol. The present study indicated that the DF 3 antigen was of secretory type and commonly localized on the outer surface of apical cell membrane in both malignant and benign lesions. Carcinoma tissues were further characterized by frequent occurrence of immunoreactivity related to the process of antigen synthesis. The diffuse cytosolic reactivity may be associated with disordered transportation of the antigen in the cytoplasm.
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PMID:Immunoelectron microscopic localization of DF 3 cancer-associated antigen in human breast cancer. 166 26


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