Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The binding of different lectins (concanavalin A [Con A], triticum vulgaris [WGA], glycine maximum [SBA], dolichos bilflorus [DBA], ulex europaeus [UEA I], arachis hypogaea [PNA], and ricinus communis [RCA I]) to cells of normal prostate glands, hyperplastic glands and adenocarcinoma was studied. The Con A, WGA, DBA, PNA and RCA I bound to both normal and hyperplastic glands. The binding in the malignant glands differed from that of the benign conditions. The SBA, which was not bound by benign cells, was bound to the malignant glandular cells. Also, UEA I was bound to a part of the carcinoma cells. In addition, the binding pattern of Con A and WGA in the cells differed between the malignant and benign conditions. Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that lectin histochemical study might be useful in routine pathologic examination to detect malignant cells in cases which are doubtful with regard to malignancy by routine methods.
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PMID:Lectin binding to prostatic adenocarcinoma. 244 33

Using the surgically extirpated specimens from 9 patients with colorectal carcinoma, fucosyltransferase activities in the carcinoma tissue and the normal mucosa were measured and were compared with the histochemical findings of glycoconjugates which were shown by staining with lectins reacting with blood group antigens and related substances. The fucosyltransferase activities of the carcinoma tissue were well correlated with the overall findings of lectin stainings after neuraminidase treatment. The more intense the carcinoma tissue was stained, the higher the fucosyltransferase activity was shown. However, there were marked differences in the fucosyltransferase activities by the portions measured, depending upon the relative amount of carcinoma tissue and interstitial tissue; in the invasive portion with less carcinoma tissue, the activity was generally low in comparison with that in the surface area where carcinoma tissue was rather abundant. Thus, the morphological and lectin histochemical finding are of paramount importance for the evaluation of glycosyltransferase activity in human colorectal carcinoma.
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PMID:Correlation between glycoconjugate expression and fucosyltransferase activity in human colorectal carcinoma. 244 68

The elastosis of 11 invasive ductal and infiltrative lobular carcinomas of the breast was specifically immunostained for the plasma protease inhibitors alpha-1 antitrypsin, alpha-1 antichymotrypsin, alpha-2 macroglobulin, inter alpha trypsin inhibitor and C1 esterase inhibitor. None of these components was detected in the elastic fibres of normal ducts or blood vessels in the breast. The elastosis in breast carcinomas was also stained by Concanavalin A and Triticum vulgaris lectins. Such lectin staining probably represents binding to the microfibrillar component of elastic fibres, which is increased in immature elastic fibres, thus suggesting that the elastotic fibres of breast carcinoma are recently synthesised. It is suggested that the presence of protease inhibitors may influence the metabolism of elastic fibres, facilitating elastic fibre proliferation by the inhibition of elastinolytic enzymes.
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PMID:Elastosis in breast carcinoma: II. Association of protease inhibitors with immature elastic fibres. 244 40

Cultured breast cancer cells express on their surface glycoproteins which are recognized by the peanut lectin (PNA). The proliferation of these cells (ZR-75.1 and 734-B) was inhibited by PNA. A mammary carcinoma cell line (BT-20) which does not react with PNA was not affected by this lectin. The combination of PNA with either retinoic acid or 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen led to an additive amplification of the antiproliferative activity. Also interferon-gamma showed in combination with PNA an improved growth-inhibitory action.
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PMID:Peanut agglutinin inhibits proliferation of cultured breast cancer cells. 244 18

Seven mouse monoclonal antibodies and the lectin from Ulex europaeus, detecting blood group specificities of the ABH and Lewis systems, have been used to define the expression and/or modulation of these antigenic structures in human normal urothelium and tumors of the urinary bladder. The reagents employed recognize the following blood group related antigens: A, B, H, Lewisa (Lea), Lewisb (Leb), Lewisx (Lex), Lewisy (Ley), and type 1 precursor chain. Immunohistochemical studies have demonstrated that these antigenic systems are differentially expressed in the urothelium of secretor and nonsecretor individuals. The normal urothelium of secretors is particularly rich in ABH blood group antigens as well as Leb and Ley specificities. Nonsecretors, however, either lack or show decreased and patchy expression of H, Leb, and Ley antigens. In general, areas affected by carcinoma in situ showed deletion of ABH, as did invasive carcinomas, as demonstrated by other investigators. This was not a universal observation, however, as variable expression of ABH antigens occurred in a few invasive tumors. Lex antigen was not expressed in normal urothelium except for occasional umbrella cells, but was demonstrated in the majority of invasive tumors, regardless of blood type and secretor status of the individuals studied. Ley determinant, which was poorly expressed in the normal urothelium of nonsecretor individuals, was found in all tumors analyzed. An accumulation of non-fucosylated precursor structure was also a feature of invasive carcinoma, particularly in secretor individuals. A panel of anti-blood group antibodies, encompassing A, B, Lex, Ley and type 1 precursor chain specificities for use in patients of known secretor status, may provide useful early markers of malignant change in the urothelium.
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PMID:Blood group-related antigens in human urothelium: enhanced expression of precursor, LeX, and LeY determinants in urothelial carcinoma. 245 35

Recent interest has focused on fucosylated epitopes expressed on human neoplasms. The plant lectin Ulex europus agglutinin, Type I (UEA) binds fucosylated oligosaccharides, while UEA-reactive substances have a tissue distribution similar to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). We sought to determine if UEA reacted with CEA in extracts of fresh primary and metastatic colorectal carcinomas and paired normal tissues. The extracts were electrophoretically transferred to nitrocellulose membranes after the proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE in 10% polyacrylamide gels. The transfer membranes were then stained with peroxidase-conjugated UEA (UEA-P) or antibody to CEA (CEA-P). UEA-P reacted with a 170-190-kDa band in extracts of 22 of 30 primary tumors, 10 of 12 metastases, but only 1 of 5 villous adenomas. UEA-P generally did not react with normal colon or liver extracts. UEA-P also did not bind to 170-190-kDa molecules in Western transfers of a breast carcinoma metastatic to bowel and a focal nodular hyperplasia of liver. CEA-P displayed similar reactivity and detected CEA in a tumor extract negative for UEA. Fucose blocked binding of UEA-P to Western transfers of tumor extracts. CEA-P reacted with a 170-190-kDa substance in tumor extracts eluted with fucose from a column of immobilized UEA. Thus, UEA reacts with fucosylated oligosaccharides on most, but not all, species of CEA and may be a useful adjunct to anti-CEA immunohistochemistry.
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PMID:Ulex europeus type I agglutinin detects carcinoembryonic antigen in extracts of human colorectal carcinoma. 245 96

In order to study changes in complex carbohydrates of the cellular membrane and cytoplasm in neoplasia of large intestine, lectin-binding patterns were histochemically determined in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced rat neoplasia and human specimens using peroxidase-labelled lectins (PNA, WGA, UEA-1) with different sugar-binding specificities. The results obtained were as follows: 1) There was a difference in lectin-binding patterns among sites within the large intestine in rats. 2) There were differences in the lectin-binding patterns of PNA, WGA and UEA-1 between neoplastic and non-neoplastic mucosae in both rat and human distal large intestine. This result was considered to reflect the changes involved in the metabolism of complex carbohydrates accompanying malignant change. The cancerous cell surface showed a higher degree of binding than that of non-neoplastic mucosa, and irregular binding patterns of each lectin were characteristically observed in the cytoplasm. 3) UEA-1 showed the highest level of binding for human carcinoma, followed by adenoma and non-neoplastic mucosa, in that order, suggesting recognition of tumor-associated complex carbohydrates. 4) In the cytoplasm of mucosa adjacent to carcinoma, rat PNA and UEA-1 and human PNA showed high degrees of binding, probably expressing biochemical changes in cellular function that have not been observed in conventional morphological studies.
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PMID:[Lectin histochemistry of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced rat colonic neoplasia and human colorectal neoplasia]. 245 47

This interpretive review attempts to dovetail advanced work by different groups of investigators on blood group and carcinoma (CA) glycoconjugates that have terminal, immunoreactive Tn epitopes (GalNAc alpha-O-Ser/Thr), and on the interaction of those structures with complementary antibodies and lectins. Fenlon et al. (1987) and Leathem and Brooks (1987) found a positive correlation between primary breast CA aggressiveness and its affinity for Helix pomatia (HPA) lectin. This phenomenon was used successfully to accurately predict, in studies on 305 breast CA patients, early or late CA recurrence and patient survival time. The innate specificity of the large HPA combining groove (aside from its avid reactivity with appropriately spaced GalNAc alpha-O-) remains obscure, despite careful investigation for more than a decade (Baker et al., 1983). Leathem and Brooks presumed that HPA recognizes a hitherto "undefined biological marker" that indicates a breast CA's aggressiveness. Our own work has shown that the chemically fully defined Tn epitope, as measured with human polyclonal and murine monoclonal anti-Tn antibodies, occurs in immunoreactive form in approximately 90% of all breast and lung adenoCAs studied. Tn is occluded and non-reactive in healthy and non-CA-diseased tissues. We found that CA-associated Tn is an adhesion molecule in attachment to healthy cells; an increase in its density on breast CA cell membranes parallels greater aggressiveness of breast tumors in both humans and mice (the only species studied). Thus, Tn may be all or a major part of the postulated "as yet undefined biological marker" associated with high breast CA aggressiveness. Besides being helpful in the elucidation of some aspects of breast CA pathogenesis, these findings on primary breast CA have clinical implications in that they should facilitate stratification of breast CA patients for adjuvant treatment.
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PMID:Tn epitope (N-acetyl-D-galactosamine alpha-O-serine/threonine) density in primary breast carcinoma: a functional predictor of aggressiveness. 246 92

A case of primary gastric cancer without hepatic metastasis showing extremely high alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels is reported. This case illustrates the application of the immuno-peroxidase technique to ascitic fluid cytology. Papanicolaou-stained smears of the ascites permitted the diagnosis of a metastatic carcinoma. A positive reaction to AFP was demonstrated in the tumor cells in the ascitic fluid cellular samples as well as in the paraffin-embedded tissue section of the primary gastric carcinoma. Rising AFP levels were also detected in ascitic fluid. AFP fractionation using lectin-affinity-crossed-line immunoelectrophoresis showed the hepatic rather than yolk sac type. Reports of such occurrences are few; no study, to the best of our knowledge, has previously documented cytological and immunocytochemical diagnosis in ascitic fluid. AFP-producing gastric cancer should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical presentation of alpha-fetoprotein-producing gastric cancer in ascitic fluid: a case study. 246 61

The reactivity of 38 anaplastic tumours for cytokeratin, vimentin, desmin, milk fat globule membrane antigen. Ia antigen as well as peanut agglutinin and Ulex europaeus I lectins were investigated immunohistologically in paraffin embedded tissue samples. By this typing of tumours establishment of the histogenesis of 34 out of 38 neoplasms was possible. Among the epithelial markers milk fat globule membrane antigen proved to be superior to cytokeratin. Vacuolar or intraluminal binding of peanut lectin was found to be more sensitive than PAS reaction for detecting early secretory activity. Our study substantiates the previous data that binding of Ulex europaeus I lectin is indicative of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In this study we also provide evidence for vimentinization in solid metastases as well as for shift in the cytokeratin profile upon malignant transformation.
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PMID:Histogenesis of metastatic tumours: lectin reactive substances and intermediate filament proteins. 246 98


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