Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report a case of bronchogenic carcinoma with atelectasis studied by T1-SPECT and FDG-PET. In the carcinoma, abnormally high uptake of T1 and FDG were detected, but in the region of atelectasis, an abnormally high uptake of T1 with a relatively low uptake of FDG were observed. On quantitative analyses, the T1 retention indexes of the tumor and atelectasis were 29.7 and 42.0. The mean SUVs of FDG of the tumor and the atelectasis were 8.92 and 1.28. T1-SPECT could not distinguish the atelectasis from the carcinoma. FDG-PET was superior to T1-SPECT in this case in detecting malignancy and distinguishing it from atelectasis.
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PMID:Thallium and FDG uptake by atelectasis with bronchogenic carcinoma. 1051 Aug 86

The authors report the use of lymphoscintigraphy and gamma probe-guided resection of the sentinel lymph node in a 65-year-old woman with clinically and cytologically indicated metastasizing papillary thyroid carcinoma. The results of the preoperative lymphoscintigraphy corresponded well with FDG PET and histologic findings, which gives promise of its validity in thyroid carcinoma. With experience in ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy, this method can be performed without any serious side effects for the patient. The validity of the sentinel lymph node concept in thyroid carcinoma and a possible improvement of nodal staging and local recurrence rate must still be proved.
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PMID:Lymphoscintigraphy and gamma probe-guided surgery in papillary thyroid carcinoma: the sentinel lymph node concept in thyroid carcinoma 1051 97

In the follow up of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) several scintigraphic methods are used in addition to the serum thyroglobulin and ultrasonography of the neck. Iodine-131 whole body scintigraphy (WBS), which is performed since many years, is able to detect iodine positive recurrence, lymph node metastases and distant metastases in a very specific way. However, the problem of I-131 WBS is the fact that only 67% of metastases from DTC accumulate iodine. Therefore non specific radionuclides like TI-201 or tracers such as Tc-99m Sestamibi or Tc-99m Tetrofosmin and new metabolic tracers like F-18 FDG were introduced in the diagnostic work up to detect iodine negative metastases as well. This study describes the comparison of different tracers in 35 patients with elevated thyroglobulin and suspicion of metastatic disease or already known metastases from DTC.
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PMID:Comparison of different tracers in the follow up of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. 1052 27

The management of patients with unknown primary tumours (UPT) often includes a large number of radiographical studies and invasive procedures, but the occult primary tumour is detected in less than 25%. In this prospective study we explored whether non-invasive whole body PET scans using FDG (18-F-fluorodeoxyglucose) are of clinical value in detection of UPT. Whole-body FDG-PET scans were performed in 20 patients following standard staging procedures according to histology. PET results were verified either histologically or by the clinical course of the disease. 11 patients had neck metastases (5 squamous cell, 5 adenocarcinomas and 1 poorly differentiated carcinoma). The remaining patients had metastases located in bone (3), bone marrow (1), brain (1), pericardium (1), skin (1), pleura (1) and chest wall (1). All metastatic lesions were visible with PET. In 13 patients PET suggested the site for the primary tumour and this was verified in 9 (45%), either histologically or by the clinical course of disease. 8 of these had primary lung cancer and 1 had carcinoma at the basis of the tongue. In most patients PET had no treatment related implications. 3 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) received chemotherapy prompted by the PET result. The rest received either radical radiotherapy to the head and neck region (7), palliative radiotherapy to the metastatic lesion (8), chemotherapy based on signet ring cell carcinoma in bone marrow (1) or no therapy (1). These results indicates that PET is useful in UPT preceding expensive and invasive diagnostic procedures and can result in a faster diagnosis in approximately one third of the patients who then avoid unnecessary extensive procedures. Furthermore, a larger proportion of patients will receive treatment aimed at the correct diagnosis. A prospective cost-effectiveness analysis of PET in this setting is warranted.
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PMID:18F-FDG whole body positron emission tomography (PET) in patients with unknown primary tumours (UPT). 1053 51

We investigated the potential of radiolabelled 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IUdR) as a pharmacodynamic probe for use with positron emission tomography (PET) in studies of early proliferative response to anticancer treatment. Using the hormone-responsive rat mammary carcinoma OES.HR1, we used a multiple radiotracer method to examine treatment-induced changes in 24 h tumour retention of [131I]IUdR, uptake of [3H]2-deoxy-D-glucose ([3H]DG) together with [99mTc]hexylmethylpropylene amineoxine ([99mTc]HMPAO) uptake as a measure of blood flow. Radiotracer data were compared with macroscopic changes in tumour growth, and cell proliferation as determined by DNA histogram flow cytometry. From 4 days after tumour growth arrest induced by oestrogen ablation, a sustained fall in tumour cell proliferation was demonstrated, which was associated with reduced tumour uptake of each tracer. Whereas reduced levels of tumour [3H]DG could be accounted for by changes in blood flow, this was not the case for [131I]IUdR, which was found to be closely related to percentage S-phase cells within tumour (r = 0.73, p < 0.002). It was also estimated that residual levels of radioiodide may contribute significantly, to the low levels of retained radioactivity associated with responding tumours at 24 h following IUdR administration, suggesting that metabolite correction methods should be implemented as part of IUdR PET imaging protocols. We conclude that [124I]IUdR is a promising alternative to [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) for the early assessment by PET of tumour response to treatments directed at targets associated with cell proliferation.
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PMID:Radiolabelled 5'-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine: a promising alternative to [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose for PET studies of early response to anticancer treatment. 1058 5

Imaging and endoscopic techniques have taken an increasing part in the management of gastroenterological disorders. Among these techniques, FDG-PET imaging has emerged as a powerful tool in the management of several cancer diseases, including tumors of the digestive tract. In particular, the role of PET for diagnosing and staging recurrent colorectal cancers, and for differentiating mass forming pancreatitis from carcinoma is now well established. In this review, we will briefly discuss the place of PET imaging in the work-up of the tumors of the digestive tract.
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PMID:[Role of positron emission tomography is the evaluation of digestive tract tumors]. 1068 98

Hypofunctioning nodules on scintiscan using Tc-99m Pertechnetate or I-123 have a higher probability of malignancy compared to eu- or hyperfunctioning nodules. However, in the preoperative assessment of thyroid nodules, ultrasonography and ultrasonography guided fine needle aspiration biopsy play the most important role, especially for papillary thyroid cancer. The problem of differentiating follicular adenoma from highly differentiated follicular carcinoma however remains. Also the additional use of a multi tracer imaging strategy (Tl-201/Tc-99m subtraction scan, Tc-99m Sestamibi, Tc-99m Tetrofosmin dual phase scintigraphy) has not solved this problem. Although it is unlikely, the question whether FDG PET is able to give a better differentiation between benign and malignant tumours in the preoperative assessment of thyroid nodules is not answered up to now. In contrast to preoperative diagnostics, FDG PET is of great value in the postoperative follow up of differentiated thyroid cancer. In case of elevated serum thyroglobulin but negative I-131 WBS FDG PET is the method of choice to detect I-131 negative recurrences and metastases. FDG uptake in metastases from differentiated thyroid cancer is correlated to low differentiation and maybe bad prognosis. There is also evidence that FDG PET may have a role in the follow up of anaplastic and especially in medullary thyroid cancer in the future.
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PMID:The role of F-18FDG PET in thyroid cancer. 1081 62

Purpose: This investigation evaluated the effectiveness of positron emission tomography with 2-[F-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (PET-FDG) in assessing residual tumor or tumor recurrence in postradiation nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients.Procedures: Forty-six patients with histologically proven NPC who received radiotherapy were included. PET-FDG images were analyzed by a semiquantitative method, metabolic ratio (tumor to cerebellum ratio).Results: The overall sensitivity and specificity of PET-FDG to detect residual tumors and recurrent lesions in the postradiation patients were 80% (12/15) and 87% (27/31), respectively. In patients with PET-FDG 6 months after radiation therapy, the sensitivity and specificity raised to 92% (11/12) and 100% (20/20), respectively.Conclusions: PET-FDG is effective in the evaluation of NPC treated with radiation. The optimal timing in assessing residual tumor or tumor recurrence in postradiation patients should be 6 months or later.
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PMID:Evaluation of the Effect of Radiation Therapy to Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma by Positron Emission Tomography with 2- 1083

Two nitroimidazole compounds, misonidazole (MISO) and nimorazole (NIMO), were evaluated for their potential to modify uptake of [5,6-3H] 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (3H-FDG) in the human squamous carcinoma cell line UT-SCC-5 exposed to increasing levels of hypoxia. UT-SCC-5 cells were incubated with 0-10 mM of MISO or NIMO under normal or reduced oxygen concentrations of 20%, 1.5%, or 0% with 5% CO2 for 6 h, after which 74 KBq of 3H-FDG was added in media for 1 h. In the presence of normal concentrations of O2, both sensitizers increased 3H-FDG uptake by up to 178% (MISO) or 84% (NIMO) when compared with untreated cells. In anoxia, MISO decreased 3H-FDG uptake to 35% of that of control whereas NIMO-treated cells showed a respective decrease in tracer uptake to 62%. Clonogenic assays clearly indicated that MISO was toxic and NIMO moderately toxic for hypoxic cells, whereas both sensitizers exerted only a very modest effect on survival of fully oxygenated cells. Our findings indicate that nitroimidazole treatment consistently increases 3H-FDG uptake into UT-SCC-5 cells under normal oxygen concentrations. In hypoxia, the observed decrease in tracer uptake is dependent on both the level of ambient oxygen and drug concentration and may reflect both direct toxicity and inhibition of glycolysis. The observations may be useful for further applications of 18F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET) to monitor effects of hypoxic cell radiosensitizers on tumor metabolism in vivo.
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PMID:Effect of nitroimidazole sensitizers on in vitro glycolytic metabolism of hypoxic squamous cell carcinoma. 1085 11

Carcinoma of the pancreas is an aggressive tumour with an extremely poor prognosis. Recent studies have shown that chemotherapy can improve survival as well as quality of life. Since the prognosis is generally poor, the identification of early responders to chemotherapy is important to avoid unnecessary toxicity in patients who are not responding. Response assessment by conventional radiographic methods is problematical because treatment induces fibrosis and makes tumour measurements difficult. The aim of this pilot study was to assess 18-fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) as an early marker of the benefit of chemotherapy. Eleven patients with histologically proven adenocarcinoma of the pancreas were treated with protracted venous infusional 5-fluorouracil (PVI 5-FU) alone or PVI 5-FU and mitomycin C (MMC). FDG-PET scans were performed prior to and at 1 month following the commencement of chemotherapy. FDG uptake was compared with the tumour dimensions measured on a computer tomographic (CT) scan. Patients were followed up for relapse, death and symptomatic response. Three of the 11 patients had no measurable FDG uptake prior to chemotherapy. Of the eight patients who had measurable uptake prior to treatment, seven had a reduction in uptake at 1 month. Six out of the 11 patients had no measurable FDG uptake at 1 month. The overall survival (OS) in these patients ranged from 124 to 1460 days, with a median of 318.5 days. This was superior in comparison to patients who had residual FDG uptake at 1 month (median survival 318.5 days vs 139 days; P = 0.034) and there was a trend to improved symptoms (84% [5/6] vs 20% [1/5]; P = 0.13). There was no statistically significant correlation between best CT response and FDG uptake at 1 month. These results suggest that the absence of FDG uptake at 1 month following chemotherapy for carcinoma of the pancreas is an indicator of improved overall survival. This suggests that FDG-PET may be superior to response assessment by conventional radiographic methods and FDG-PET may have the potential to help make difficult treatment decisions in the management of pancreatic cancer. Larger prospective studies are required to confirm this finding.
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PMID:FDG-PET in the prediction of survival of patients with cancer of the pancreas: a pilot study. 1091 38


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