Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT) is a rare type of gestational trophoblastic disease and only 25 cases have been reported so far. It was first proposed by Mazur and Kurman in 1994 as an unusual type of trophoblastic tumor that is distinct from placental site trophoblastic tumor and choriocarcinoma and has features resembling carcinoma. A case of ETT of the lung in a 38-year-old Japanese woman is reported. The patient had suffered from a hydatidiform mole at the age of 27 years, and had four normal deliveries at the ages of 24, 31, 35 and 37 years. Because no tumor lesions were detected in the uterus, the patient was suspected of having metastatic choriocarcinoma with multiple lesions in the lung accompanied by an elevated level of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). In order to make an exact diagnosis, a partial resection of metastatic foci in the lung was performed. Microscopically, the tumor showed hemorrhagic necrotic foci and was composed of mainly mononuclear tumor cells and some giant tumor cells resembling trophoblastic cells. Immunohistochemical examination showed that a few large cells were stained positively for hCG, and that other cells were positive for human placental lactogen, pregnancy-specific beta1-glycoprotein, cytokeratin 7 and inhibin-alpha. In the ultrastructure, the tumor cells contained large nuclei and rich organella with desmosomes and well-formed filaments. The diagnosis of ETT was confirmed from the findings as described above.
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PMID:Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor of the lung. 1757 76

Intrabiliary metastasis of colorectal carcinoma is not infrequent. We demonstrated interesting intraductal biliary epithelial lesions in two cases of colorectal carcinoma. The first case (65-year-old female) presented intrahepatic papillary adenocarcinoma with intrabiliary extension. While this biliary carcinoma was once diagnosed as intrabiliary metastasis of colon carcinoma, these carcinoma cells were positive for cytokeratin 7 (CK7, biliary cytokeratin) and negative for CK20 (intestinal cytokeratin). In addition, these carcinoma cells were oncocytic. Finally, a diagnosis of intraductal papillary cholangiocarcinoma of oncocytic variant was made. In the second case (74-year-old male), atypical biliary epithelial lesions were found near intrabiliary metastasis of colon carcinoma. The atypical lesions were immunohistochemically positive for CK7 but negative for CK20, and negative for p53. On the contrary, intraductal metastatic carcinoma was totally reversed, suggesting that atypical biliary lesions were not metastatic. Survey of such atypical biliary lesions in 6 consecutive cases with intrabiliary metastasis from colon carcinoma including this case disclosed that one third of such cases revealed such atypical biliary lesions. A variable type of biliary lesions should be carefully differentiated from intrabiliary metastatic colorectal carcinoma and a combined immunohistochemistry of CK7 and CK20 is useful for this differentiation.
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PMID:Intraductal papillary cholangiocarcinoma and atypical biliary epithelial lesions confused with intrabiliary extension of metastatic colorectal carcinoma. 1759 Oct 40

We report 4 cases of pseudomesotheliomatous carcinoma of the lung, which has clinical and microscopic features similar to malignant mesothelioma, but with ultrastructural, immunohistochemical, and molecular characteristics suggestive of a histogenesis from type II pneumocytes. Neoplasm grows as a diffuse or solid pattern of large polygonal cells with sharply defined borders. Hale's colloidal iron is positive in the cytoplasm of small groups of cells and, focally, in some intercellular spaces. Ultrastructure showed short microvilli in the surface. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were positive for thyroid transcription factor-1, podoplanin, mesothelin, pan-cytokeratin, CK-7, CK-19, Ber-EP4, epithelial membrane antigen, apoprotein surfactant A, epidermal growth factor receptor, Leu-M1, carcinoembryonic antigen, E-cadherin, and CD-44 and negative for mesothelioma markers thrombomodulin and calretinin. In some areas, there were small cysts which contained a concentric fibrilar basophilic material apoprotein surfactant A positive. Chromosomal imbalances with comparative genomic hybridization technique were identified with a median of 15 abnormalities per case (range, 1-26): 51 gains, 6 losses, and 1 high-level amplification. The most frequent aberrations among the cases were gains on chromosomes regions 1q, 3q, 5p, 8q, 16p, and 18q and losses in 17p11-13 and 17q 22-q25. High-level amplifications were detected on 7p13-p21. In all cases, there was a characteristic association between the gains on 16p and those on 18q. The 4 cases resulted in death in less than 14 months, in spite of complete surgery and chemotherapy in 2 cases. Our aim is to complement the current understanding of this pseudomesotheliomatous "pneumocytic" carcinoma and alert pathologists to this rare entity to avoid misdiagnosis.
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PMID:Pseudomesotheliomatous carcinoma of the lung with a distinct morphology, immunohistochemistry, and comparative genomic hybridization profile. 1763 Jan 7

In this report, a rare renal tumor that morphologically resembles a thyroid follicular carcinoma is described. To date, this subtype has not been integrated into a known form of renal carcinoma. A 29-year-old female patient without relevant family or social history underwent nephrectomy because of a renal tumor measuring 5 cm by the largest diameter. The macroscopically white-yellow tumor showed follicular structures with abundant eosinophilic colloidal material and focal papillary differentiation by light microscopy. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells stained positively for cytokeratin (CK-7, CK-20, CAM 5.2) and vimentin. CD-10, CD-117, thyroid transcription factor-1, and thyreoglobulin remained completely negative. Chromosomal losses of 1, 3, 7, 9p21, 12, 17, and X were detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Scintigraphs showed an inconspicuous thyroid gland and no extrathyroidal pathological accumulations, making metastatic spread to the kidney highly unlikely. To our knowledge, this is the second fully documented case of a thyroid follicular carcinoma-like renal tumor. This uncommon variant is important to keep in mind to prevent unnecessary or inappropriate treatment.
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PMID:Thyroid follicular carcinoma-like renal tumor: a case report with morphologic, immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, and scintigraphic studies. 1944 26

A 73-year-old female presented with a left ovarian tumor mass. Microscopic examination disclosed cystic spaces lined by abundant clear and eosinophilic tumor cells with pleomorphic nuclei. Differential diagnosis included primary ovarian oxyphilic-type clear cell carcinoma and sex-cord tumor with extensive luteinization. However, analysis of the patient's past history revealed that in 2003, she had undergone nephrectomy for a papillary renal cell carcinoma, and a histological comparison between the primary and the present tumor exhibited in the latter a substantially larger number of clear cells and loss of papillary architecture. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated a characteristic renal immunophenotype for a type II tubulopapillary tumor metastatic to ovary. The tumor cells were strongly positive for CD10 and AMACR, and negative for cytokeratin 7. This confirmed the renal origin of the ovarian tumor despite its divergent morphology of the renal primary. This is the first reported case of ovarian metastases of type II tubulopapillary carcinoma of the kidney.
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PMID:Metastasis from papillary renal cell carcinoma masquerading as primary ovarian clear cell tumor. 1790 25

We report a case of mucinous carcinoma of Vater's ampulla with a unique extension along only the main pancreatic duct (MPD) and microinvasion to the pancreas. A 52-year-old man was referred to our hospital for the evaluation and treatment of acute pancreatitis. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) demonstrated swelling in the head of the pancreas with a mass in the duodenum. Hypotonic duodenography and endoscopic examination revealed a well-defined mass, measuring about 25 mm in size, in Vater's ampulla. A biopsy specimen of the tumor showed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. A pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy with a regional lymphadenectomy was performed, under a preoperative diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of Vater's ampulla with direct invasion into the head of the pancreas. The resected specimen of the duodenum confirmed the presence of the mass, which measured 22 x 15 mm in size, in Vater's ampulla. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of two components: moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma in the peripheral region of the tumor Vater's papilla and mucinous carcinoma in the central region of the tumor. The mucinous carcinoma component uniquely extended along only the MPD with microinvasion to the pancreas. Immunohistochemically, both the moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma and the mucinous carcinoma were positive for cytokeratin 20 (CK20) and negative for cytokeratin 7 (CK7) which is the pattern of intestinal-type carcinoma of Vater's ampulla. We concluded that the original site of this tumor may have been the duodenal epithelium of Vater's ampulla originally moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma-which subsequently changed to mucinous carcinoma that extended along only the MPD with microinvasion to the pancreas.
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PMID:Mucinous carcinoma of Vater's ampulla with a unique extension along the main pancreatic duct. 1790 24

Basal cell adenocarcinoma of minor salivary glands is a relatively rare slow-growing tumor with an infiltrating growth pattern. The infiltrating growth pattern and likelihood of vascular and perineural involvement distinguishes basal cell adenocarcinoma from basal cell adenoma. Other diagnostic considerations include adenoid cystic carcinoma and basaloid squamous carcinoma. Basal cell adenocarcinomas show strong immunoreactivity to cytokeratin 7 and variable myoepithelial staining with S100. It is necessary to differentiate basal cell adenocarcinoma from other basaloid cell tumors of the minor salivary glands because of the prognosis and potential differences in treatment, particularly adenoid cystic adenocarcinoma and basaloid squamous carcinoma. Surgical excision with a wide margin to ensure complete removal has been suggested as the primary treatment for basal cell adenocarcinoma. Radiotherapy has been proposed for lesions in the minor salivary glands because of the higher likelihood of vascular and neural invasion and for those that are diffusely infiltrative.
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PMID:Basal cell adenocarcinoma of minor salivary glands. 1792 2

Endometriosis is a frequent benign gynecological disease; nonetheless, it can demonstrate some aspects that resemble malignant disease. Malignant transformation of endometriosis occurs mainly in the ovary. A rare case of transition between typical endometriosis and clear cell carcinoma with immunohistochemical study is presented. The patient, a 30-year-old Caucasian woman (para 0), was diagnosed with endometriosis ten years before. Six months later she developed a left cystic ovarian tumor (58 cm3) that persisted after two ultrasounds in a four-month period. Tumor markers were normal (CA125, CA 15.3, CA 19.9, alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembrionary antigen A1). There was no ascites. The left ovarian mass was removed by laparotomy and endometriosis in continuity with carcinoma positive for cytokeratin 7 and estrogen receptor was revealed. CD10 was positive in the stromal cells of the endometriosis. Clear cell carcinoma grade 3 was diagnosed. In conclusion, although a rare event, the association of typical endometriosis and clear cell carcinoma of the ovary should be kept in mind, mainly in patients with a persistent ovarian cyst.
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PMID:Ovarian clear cell carcinoma associated with endometriosis: a case report with immunohistochemical study. 1796 22

We report a case of a 50-year-old man who developed metastatic pancreatic cancer from a primary rectal cancer that had been curatively removed 3 years previously. The patient presented with a tumor that occupied the head of the pancreas, associated with obstructive jaundice, but the main pancreatic duct was not dilated. The patient was initially diagnosed as having primary pancreatic cancer. Cytological examination of the bile was conclusive for the presence of adenocarcinoma. The patient refused surgical treatment and chose to have gemcitabine therapy (1000 mg/body), which was given 27 times over 10 months. For 1 year, local disease progression was slow and no distant metastases developed; therefore, the initial diagnosis of pancreatic cancer was questioned. At that time, the patient asked for the tumor to be removed, and pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed. On histology, including immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin 20 (positive) and cytokeratin 7 (negative), the tumor was shown to be a metastatic pancreatic carcinoma that had originated from the original rectal cancer.
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PMID:Rectal cancer metastasis to the head of the pancreas treated with pancreaticoduodenectomy. 1804 Jun 27

The potential for adenocarcinoma metastatic to the ovary to mimic primary mucinous neoplasms is a well-known issue to surgical pathologists, most of the recent literature emphasizing pancreatic and various other origins for the ovarian metastases. Although an origin in the gallbladder or extrahepatic bile ducts is acknowledged for some cases little information exists on tumors originating within the intrahepatic bile ducts. Sixteen cases of this type were retrieved from the surgical pathology files of the Chiang Mai University Hospital between January 1992 and December 2006. The patients ranged from 38 to 74 years (mean 52). Thirteen presented with nonspecific pelvic symptoms similar to primary ovarian neoplasms. The hepatic tumors were radiologically detected before the ovarian lesion in 2 cases. Hepatic and ovarian masses were simultaneously detected by preoperative radiologic studies or at exploratory laparotomy in 10 cases. In the remaining 4 cases, the hepatic lesions were detected postoperatively. There were a total of 26 metastatic ovarian lesions which included 22 clinically recognized ovarian masses (range 3 to 20 cm, mean 11.8 cm). Bilateral involvement was present in 10 cases (62%) and unilateral involvement in 6 (38%). The cut surfaces of the 22 grossly enlarged ovaries were predominantly solid in 5, solid-cystic in 10, and multicystic in 7. Microscopically, surface implants were observed in 80% of tumors, multinodular growth in 48%, and infiltrative stromal invasion (including microinvasionlike foci as it would be applied if the tumors were primary) in 86%. The neoplastic epithelium typically formed glands that ranged from small to large and cystically dilated, but small clusters of cells and individual cells were also seen. The epithelium ranged from tall, columnar, and mucinous in appearance to cuboidal or flattened and nonspecific. The tumors most closely mimicked primary mucinous neoplasms although a resemblance to other mullerian neoplasms was also seen. Foci often mimicked mucinous borderline tumors of typical type or with intraepithelial carcinoma and benign-appearing mucinous epithelium was seen in 62% of tumors. Immunohistochemical studies in 15 cases showed a positive reaction for cytokeratin 7 in all and for cytokeratin 20 in 5 cases. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma should be included in the list of origins of possible ovarian metastatic tumors that mimic primary ovarian mucinous neoplasia, particularly in parts of the world where cholangiocarcinoma of the liver is relatively common.
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PMID:Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma metastatic to the ovary: a report of 16 cases of an underemphasized form of secondary tumor in the ovary that may mimic primary neoplasia. 1804 33


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