Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Development of a poorly differentiated eccrine carcinoma was observed in a 6-year-old woman. She had been operated on many times during 20 years for some tens of classical as well as less usual forms of eccrine spiradenomas, e.g. giant vascular spiradenomas. They were mostly localized in the skin of back, thorax and neck. The patient died of an extensive skin involvement and spine and liver secondaries 12 months after occurrence of the carcinoma. The structure of carcinoma was trabecular and partly papillary, tumour cells had bulky nuclei and striking nucleoli. There was a juxtaposition of spiradenomas with carcinoma and direct transformation of spiradenoma into carcinoma was observed. Immunohistological positivity of carcinoma concerned S-100 protein, slightly CEA, focally cytokeratin 7 and 18; cytokeratin 14 was negative. Ultrastructure of tumour cells showed irregular intercellular lumina with some microvilli, but structures characteristical for eccrine glandular of ductal differentiation were lacking.
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PMID:[Malignant transformation in multiple eccrine spiradenoma]. 131 54

A patient with skin metastases several years after surgical treatment of carcinoma of the cervix and the rectum is presented. Comparative histology and immunohistochemical analysis with anti-cytokeratin antibodies implicated the carcinoma of the cervix as the source of the skin infiltrates. Based on this patient's case record, the use of anti-cytokeratin antibodies for identification and subtyping of epithelial or carcinoma cells is discussed with special reference to cytokeratin 7.
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PMID:[Immunohistologic characterization of skin metastases in a patient with simultaneous cancers of the rectum and cervix]. 137 91

Two cases of fibrolamellar carcinoma of the liver, one with lymph node metastasis are reported. Using immunohistochemistry as well as one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and Western blotting, tumour cells of both primary lesions and of the metastasis were found to express cytokeratin polypeptides 8 and 18 and, surprisingly, cytokeratin 7. A small number of cells also expressed cytokeratin 19. This is the first detailed analysis of the cytokeratin expression of fibrolamellar carcinoma, and is also the first to present biochemical evidence that, contrary to what has been suggested, hepatocellular carcinomas do not always preserve the pattern of cytokeratin expression of normal hepatocytes.
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PMID:Abundant expression of cytokeratin 7 in fibrolamellar carcinoma of the liver. 169 71

Immunohistochemical staining of cell lines derived from human liver tumours showed that five cell lines derived from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hepatoblastoma were stained positively with monoclonal keratin antibodies, CK-5 (Ker-18-specific) and KL-1 (broad specificity), but not with CK-7 (Ker-7-specific). On the other hand, four carcinoma cell lines derived from the biliary system were stained positively with not only CK-5 and KL-1, but also CK-7.
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PMID:Cytokeratin expression in human cell lines derived from liver tumors. 170 48

Five monoclonal antibodies recognizing different keratin polypeptides in immunoblotting or different epithelial cell types in complex tissues were studied for their suitability as reagents for the differential diagnosis of primary and secondary malignant epithelial liver tumors. The broad specificity keratin antibodies lu-5 and KL-1 stained all epithelial liver neoplasms. In contrast the antibodies CK-7 (Ker-7-specific), CK-2 (Ker-18-specific) and KA-4 (Ker-19-specific in liver) allow these neoplasms to be divided into three groups: Hepatocellular carcinomas were CK-2-positive and CK-7-negative. Cholangiocellular carcinomas, liver metastases of extrahepatic bile duct carcinomas, liver metastases of a ductal carcinoma of breast, and a follicular thyroid carcinoma were stained positively by CK-2, CK-7, and KA-4. In 1 of 6 hepatocellular carcinomas neoplastic hepatocytes were focally labeled by KA-4. In a focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver modified hepatocytes were decorated not only by CK-2 but also by CK-7 and KA-4. Liver metastases of colorectal adenocarcinomas and of a carcinoid tumor were stained positively by CK-2 and KA-4 but not by CK-7.
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PMID:Keratin polypeptides in malignant epithelial liver tumors. Differential diagnostic and histogenetic aspects. 243 41

Intermediate filaments in benign and malignant thyroid lesions were immunohistochemically studied using polyclonal and monoclonal anti-cytokeratin (CK), and monoclonal anti-vimentin antibodies. Antigenicity of CK and vimentin was almost completely destroyed during formalin fixation in normal thyroid and all thyroid lesions except for some cases of papillary and squamous cell carcinoma, although the latter showed negative immunostaining with anti-vimentin antibody. In sections fixed with Carnoy's fixative, most cases of papillary carcinoma showed an intense reaction product for polyclonal anti-CK, monoclonal anti-CK-7, CK-19 and anti-vimentin antibodies. The reaction product for anti-CK antibodies was located mainly in the apical cytoplasm and that for anti-vimentin antibody in the basal cytoplasm. However antigenicity was still destroyed by the fixative in many specimens of normal thyroid, benign thyroid lesions and follicular carcinoma. In frozen sections, all specimens showed preserved antigenicity for both antigens with an intense reaction product in papillary carcinoma, but this was weaker in normal thyroid, benign thyroid lesions and follicular carcinoma. Therefore, follicular cells under normal and pathological conditions contain intermediate filaments of CK and vimentin in their cytoplasm and co-expression of the antigens is significantly increased in papillary carcinoma.
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PMID:An immunohistochemical study of cytokeratin and vimentin in benign and malignant thyroid lesions. 247 33

Cutaneous metastasis from gastric carcinoma is uncommon. We describe a patient with a metastasis from gastric carcinoma to a congenital melanocytic nevus. The diagnosis was confirmed by positive immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin 20 and lack of cytokeratin 7.
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PMID:Gastric carcinoma metastatic to the site of a congenital melanocytic nevus. 768 51

The histologic distinction between adenocarcinoma primary to the ovary and metastatic to the ovary can be difficult. In an effort to facilitate this distinction, we have evaluated the use of immunohistochemical techniques with antibodies to cytokeratins 7 and 20, along with antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen. We studied 24 primary ovarian adenocarcinomas, 11 colonic adenocarcinomas metastatic to the ovary, and 10 primary adenocarcinomas of the colon. Four ovarian adenocarcinomas metastatic to the colon were also studied. All but one of the primary and metastatic colonic carcinomas were negative for cytokeratin 7, whereas all the primary and metastatic ovarian carcinomas were positive for cytokeratin 7. The tumors metastatic to the ovary were all positive for cytokeratin 20 and carcinoembryonic antigen. Among the primary ovarian carcinomas, none of six serous tumors, three of seven endometrioid tumors, and three of 11 mucinous tumors were positive for cytokeratin 20. Ten of the primary ovarian tumors were negative for carcinoembryonic antigen using both monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. One of the ovarian tumors was negative for carcinoembryonic antigen with the monoclonal antibody but positive using the polyclonal antibody. Cytokeratin 7 is the most helpful marker in the distinction between primary ovarian carcinoma and colonic carcinoma metastatic to the ovary.
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PMID:Cytokeratins 7 and 20 and carcinoembryonic antigen in ovarian and colonic carcinoma. 872 84

The differentiation of ovarian metastases from colonic carcinoma and primary ovarian carcinoma can be difficult. To assess the utility of cytokeratin 7 and cytokeratin 20 immunostains in this setting, we studied routinely processed, formalin-fixed tissue from 165 ovarian tumors, including 45 serous carcinomas, 40 mucinous carcinomas, 64 endometrioid carcinomas, and 16 metastatic colonic adenocarcinomas with an avidin-biotin immunohistochemical technique. A cytokeratin 7+/cytokeratin 20- immunophenotype was seen in 86% of the endometrioid carcinomas, 27% of the mucinous carcinomas, 40% of the serous carcinomas, and none of the metastatic colorectal carcinomas. Conversely, a cytokeratin 7-/cytokeratin 20+ immunophenotype was seen in 94% of the metastatic colonic tumors, 5% of the mucinous carcinomas, and none of the endometrioid or serous tumors. We concluded that cytokeratin immunostains can be helpful in distinguishing metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma from primary ovarian carcinomas, particularly endometrioid carcinomas. Rare ovarian mucinous carcinomas may show the same immunophenotype as metastatic colonic carcinomas.
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PMID:Cytokeratin immunostaining in differentiating primary ovarian carcinoma from metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma. 893 13

Papillary renal cell carcinoma is the second most common carcinoma of the renal tubules and has been characterized genetically. Its morphologic features are incompletely characterized. It has been suggested that the presence of cytokeratin 7 is specific for papillary renal cell carcinoma. Collecting duct carcinoma might have papillary architecture, and it has been suggested that reaction with the Ulex europaeus lectin is specific for it. Sections from 105 papillary renal cell carcinomas larger than 12 mm in diameter from 100 patients were studied, and immunohistochemical reactions were performed on 91. The tumors formed two morphologic groups. Type 1 (67 tumors) consisted of papillae and tubular structures covered by small cells with pale cytoplasm and characterized by small oval nuclei with inconspicuous nucleoli, frequent glomeruloid papillae, papillary edema, foamy macrophages in papillary cores, and psammoma bodies. Type 2 (38 tumors) consisted of papillae covered by large cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and characterized by pseudostratification and large spherical nuclei with prominent nucleoli, glomeruloid papillae, psammoma bodies, edematous papillae, and foamy macrophages in papillary cores are uncommon. Type 2 tumors were larger, more common in patients younger than age 40, and more frequently Stages 3 or 4 than were Type 1 tumors. Pseudocapsules were common in both and often were infiltrated by carcinoma. Sarcomatoid foci were found in five tumors. Eleven were stage T1, 54 T2, 23 T3, and 12 T4. Reaction for cytokeratin 7 was strong or moderate in 48 of 61 Type 1 tumors, and reaction was null in 24 of 30 Type 2 tumors. No tumor reacted with U. europaeus lectin.
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PMID:Papillary renal cell carcinoma: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 105 tumors. 919 69


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