Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One of the difficulties in characterization of the oncogenes involved in thyroid carcinogenesis is the production of cell lines. Arising from a poorly differentiated thyroid papillary carcinoma we have established a cell line synthesizing the thyroglobulin and human chorionic gonadotropin (alpha and beta subunits) (HCG) hormones. These cells will allow research of the oncogenes involved or potentially involved in thyroid papillary carcinomas and evaluation of the role of the autocrine secretion of HCG.
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PMID:[Description of cell line established from human thyroid papillary cancer and secreting human chorionic gonadotropin hormone]. 129 27

Samples of thyroglobulin (Tg) were isolated from specimens of differentiated thyroid carcinoma of the papillary type and from normal adjacent glandular tissue, and the content of sialic acid was estimated. Also the in vitro incorporation of 14C-sialic acid, in the form of both CMP (cytidine 5'-monophospho-)--activated and non-activated N-acetyl-neuraminic acid, into Tg of malignant and morphologically normal thyroid. The sialic acid content of Tg preparations from papillary thyroid carcinomas varied considerably (0.27-0.92 mg/100 mg Tg). In six cancerous Tg samples the content of sialic acid was markedly lower than that in Tg from the corresponding apparently normal thyroid tissue (0.71:1.11 mg per 100 mg Tg). In addition, in comparison with the control, the incorporation of non-activated 14C-sialic acid into Tg of malignant thyroid tissue was considerably lower (-41%). However, the incorporation of CMP-activated 14C-sialic acid into cancerous Tg was greater than into Tg of morphologically unchanged tissue of the same gland (+29%). The reduced content and incorporation rate of sialic acid into Tg of differentiated thyroid carcinoma is probably the consequence of disturbances in terminal glycosylation of the Tg molecule in malignantly transformed thyroid tissue. The enhanced incorporation of CMP-sialic acid into cancerous Tg suggests that Tg sialylation in carcinoma is probably altered in the sialic acid activation phase.
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PMID:Altered terminal glycosylation of thyroglobulin in papillary thyroid carcinoma. 130 63

The thyroid physiology of athymic nude rats, rnu/rnu, is characterized and established here as an animal model to study transplanted thyroid tumors. Male rats were catheterized 5 days before experiments were started. The mean thyroid-stimulating-hormone (TSH) plasma concentrations were 2.9 +/- 0.6 ng/ml during infusion of 0.25 ml/h of 0.9% NaCl (n = 12). T3 plasma concentrations were 2.6 +/- 0.4 ng/ml. T4 plasma levels were 22.0 +/- 5.6 micrograms/dl. A bolus of 0.1 mg thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) significantly increased TSH plasma concentrations (P less than or equal to 0.001; from 2.9 +/- 0.6 to 7.8 +/- 1.1 ng/ml, n = 12). No pulsatile TSH secretion was observed in a 2-hour period with blood samples taken every 10 minutes (n = 12) and hourly sampling disclosed no circadian variation of TSH during a 24-hour period (n = 4). Successful xenografting was possible in 12 of 15 cases using a follicular thyroid carcinoma cell line (FTC 133). Measurement of human thyroglobulin (hTg) by a hTg IRMA revealed high levels in rats with functional FTC tumors, whereas no hTg was detected in untransplanted rats or animals with nonfunctional transplants.
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PMID:The nude rat is established as a model for endocrine studies: regulation of thyroid function and xenotransplantation of a thyroid tumor cell line. 131 49

In order to further clarify the growth regulating effect of cytokines on thyroid cell proliferation, the effect of interleukin-1 (IL-1) was tested on growth of human papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma cells (NPA and WRO). Although fetal bovine serum stimulated DNA synthesis, TSH did not affect cell growth and the level of thyroglobulin messenger RNA (mRNA) in NPA. Eight-bromo-cAMP and forskolin, however, significantly suppressed DNA synthesis, suggesting the impairment of TSH receptor signal transduction in NPA cells despite of the presence of [125I]TSH binding. Both IL-1 alpha and beta inhibited [3H] thymidine uptake into NPA cell DNA in a dose- and time-dependent manner at concentrations ranging from 5 x 10(2) to 10(5) U/L; 10(5) U/L of IL-1 suppressed DNA synthesis by more than 40% of control. The suppressive activity of IL-1 beta was more potent than that of IL-1 alpha in spite of the same lymphocytes activating factor (LAF) activity. Steady state levels of c-myc mRNA transcripts were also inhibited by both IL-1 alpha and beta, respectively. On the other hand, IL-1 alpha and beta did not affect the WRO cell growth. Although forskolin stimulated cAMP production in NPA cells, IL-1 did not induce cAMP generation. Indomethacin (1.0 approximately 10 mg/L) did not alter the suppressive activity of IL-1. Neither IL-1 alpha and beta caused a cytotoxic effect on the NPA cells. Although changes in c-myc mRNA content may just be an epiphenomenon of the decrease in proliferative activity in response to IL-1, and not a direct target of action of the peptide, these results demonstrate the inhibitory effect of IL-1 on cell growth of NPA. IL-1 may have an aspect of antitumorigenic action in some human thyroid carcinoma differentiation and replication.
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PMID:Interleukin-1 inhibits human thyroid carcinoma cell growth. 132 31

In order to further evaluate the role of TSH in the proliferation and the differentiation of human thyroid carcinoma cells, we have analyzed the function of the TSH receptor in the established thyroid carcinoma cell lines NPA and WRO. The TSH signal transduction system in the carcinoma cells was also compared with that in normal thyroid cells. Although unresponsiveness to bovine and human TSH was demonstrated by measurement of cAMP production and [3H]thymidine incorporation after treatment of TSH, cAMP production was induced after stimulation of these cells by forskolin, cholera toxin, and isoproterenol. Specific binding to 125I-TSH was demonstrated in both NPA and WRO cells in addition to the existence of a TSH receptor mRNA and thyroglobulin mRNA species, although thyroid-specific gene expression in these cells was not regulated by TSH. These findings suggest that the unresponsiveness to TSH in these cells may be due to an abnormality of TSH receptor-G protein coupling rather than to a decreased level of TSH-receptor expression or a Gs protein abnormality.
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PMID:Impairment of the TSH signal transduction system in human thyroid carcinoma cells. 133 81

Thyroglobulin has been widely accepted as a useful parameter for monitoring the recurrence of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. In thyroid cell cultures, it has been reported that estrogen may stimulate the tgb gene which controls synthesis of thyroglobulin by the thyroid follicular cell. Since the serum estrogen levels of women fluctuate during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy and menopause, thyroglobulin may be unreliable in the follow-up of recurrence of differentiated thyroid carcinoma in females if it can be affected by estrogen in vivo. In order to clarify the effect of estrogen on thyroglobulin, the sera of 16 men, 42 women and 20 children were collected and divided into seven groups. Their serum estradiol and thyroglobulin levels were 17.7 +/- 1.8 pg/mL (mean +/- SEM) and 17.1 +/- 1.6 ng/mL, respectively in 20 children, 26.7 +/- 4.1 pg/mL and 12.9 +/- 1.2 ng/mL, respectively in 16 males, 151.6 +/- 20.4 pg/mL and 13.7 +/- 4.2 ng/mL, respectively in five females on the 10th to 14th days of the menstrual cycle, 16.7 +/- 1.8 pg/mL and 15.2 +/- 2.1 ng/mL, respectively in 12 postmenopausal females, 530.0 +/- 131.0 pg/mL and 14.2 +/- 1.8 ng/mL, respectively in eight pregnant women in the first trimester, 3613.9 +/- 1014.2 pg/mL and 12.0 +/- 1.6 ng/mL, respectively in seven pregnant women in the second trimester and 9246.0 +/- 694.5 pg/mL and 16.4 +/- 2.0 ng/mL, respectively in 10 pregnant women in the third trimester. The serum estradiol levels were significantly different (p less than 0.005) among these seven groups, but the serum thyroglobulin levels were not (p = 0.25). Therefore, serum thyroglobulin levels are not affected by estrogen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of estrogen on the serum level of thyroglobulin. 135 34

A new cell line derived from a thyroid anaplastic carcinoma, CAL 62, has been established in culture. This line is constituted by highly tumorigenic cells. Their epithelial phenotype is stable in culture. Immunochemical staining for human thyroglobulin is negative. Cytogenetic analysis showed a gain of chromosome 20, the translocation i (14q), and breakpoints of centrometric chromatine. These results are similar to those previously reported by other investigators. CAL 62 radiosensibility has been studied. The survival curve of the in vitro irradiated cells has been adjusted with a linear-quadratic model. This cell line is thus showed to be radioresistant. Cell line CAL 62 constitutes an appropriate model for in vitro studies of thyroid anaplastic carcinoma.
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PMID:[Characterization of a human cell line from an anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid gland]. 136 51

A case of metastatic thyroid cancer from sigmoid colon cancer is presented. A 52-year-old woman had a sigmoidectomy due to adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon in April 1988. Serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels gradually rose from July 1990 along with multiple metastatic lesions which appeared in the lung. They were resected in January 1991. Two months later the subject noticed a painless and firm lump on the left anterior neck. She was found to have a solitary mass in the left thyroid lobe. Thyroid function remained within normal range. Cytological findings obtained by fine-needle aspiration biopsy showed tall columnar carcinoma cells with an acinar pattern. Subtotal thyroidectomy was performed, and histological examination revealed metastatic adenocarcinoma from colon cancer. Immunohistochemical staining by anti-CEA was positive but anti-thyroglobulin was negative.
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PMID:[Metastatic carcinoma of the sigmoid colon to the thyroid gland]. 139 85

We report the cases of 6 patients, all younger than 14 years of age, with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. None of the patients had a previous history of radiation exposure. All patients presented with an enlarged thyroid gland as a solitary nodule, with or without cervical nodes. The fine-needle aspiration cytological examination was found to be the most sensitive and specific, evidencing 5 pure papillary adenocarcinoma and 1 follicular. Our standard preoperative evaluation included thyroid scintiscan and ultrasound examination, laboratory studies of thyroid function and serum calcitonin, chest x-ray, fine needle aspiration and vocal cord examination. The treatment was total thyroidectomy and bilateral modified neck dissection. A whole body scan (WBS) with 131I was performed 6 weeks after surgery, followed by radioiodine therapy for ablation of thyroid remnants and treatment of metastases when present. Patients then began thyroid replacement treatment. The follow-up of the patients consisted of thyroglobulin and WBS. The microscopic carcinoma was found in the contralateral lobe in 100%. Lung metastases were detected in 2 patients. All of the patients have survived during a follow-up period ranging from 6 to 108 months.
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PMID:[Differentiated thyroid carcinoma in childhood]. 141 15

The coupling activity of thyroid peroxidase (TPO) in thyroid glands from patients with benign adenoma, papillary carcinoma, and diffuse goiter (Graves' disease) was measured for the first time, in addition to the peroxidase activity of these tissues. The peroxidase activity of TPO in the mitochondria-microsomes fraction was measured with guaiacol or iodide as the second substrate. In the case of papillary carcinoma, the mean protein-based specific activity obtained by the guaiacol assay was about 1/7 of that of diffuse goiter. The iodide oxidation activity of carcinoma was very low, about 1/25 [corrected] of that in diffuse goiter and 1/70 of that in adenoma. The peroxidase activity in adenoma was almost similar in the guaiacol oxidation assay and approximately one half in the iodide oxidation assay as compared with that in diffuse goiter. There was a close correlation between the guaiacol and iodide oxidation assays in individual patients with adenoma and diffuse goiter, but not in patients with papillary carcinoma. The coupling activity of TPO was measured with thyroglobulin purified from pooled toxic diffuse goiters and chemically iodinated to contain little additional T3 and T4. The specific coupling activity of TPO in mitochondria-microsomes from carcinoma was significantly lower (about 1/5) than that of diffuse goiter, and the activity in adenoma was not significantly different (about 1/2) from that of diffuse goiter. The data of coupling activities has a close correlation with that of peroxidase activities in individual patients with adenoma but not in patients with carcinoma. Based on these findings, the qualitative abnormality of TPO and its relation to the cold 123I scintigram in thyroid tumors are discussed.
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PMID:Peroxidase and coupling activities of thyroid peroxidase in benign and malignant thyroid tumor tissues. 142 30


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