Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) has uncertain malignant potential; biologic markers that will identify patients at risk for a poor clinical outcome have been sought actively. Amplification of the c-erbB-2 protooncogene has been correlated with poor prognosis in invasive mammary carcinoma, and immunohistochemical evaluation for expression of the oncogene protein has been correlated with gene amplification. The authors retrospectively evaluated 62 cases of lobular neoplasia for expression of the c-erbB-2 gene product on formalin-fixed, deparaffinized sections, using two monoclonal anti-erbB-2 (p185) antibodies (c-neu Ab3 and m-erb) and one polyclonal anti-erbB-2 antibody (pAb 1) by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase method. All 62 cases were negative with the pAb 1 antibody; one of 62 cases was weakly positive with the c-neu Ab3 in a membranous pattern. Expression of c-erbB-2 gene product was identified on adjacent invasive ductal carcinoma in one case and in adjacent ductal carcinoma in situ in another. None of 15 cases if infiltrating lobular carcinoma was positive with either of the two anti-c-erbB-2 antibodies. Strong positivity was found on benign epithelium in one case, demonstrating epitheliosis. In summary, evidence of expression of the c-erbB-2 gene product was found in one of 57 cases of LCIS and none of 15 cases of invasive lobular carcinoma. This suggests that, in contrast to reported data concerning intraductal and invasive ductal carcinoma, c-erbB-2 oncogene amplification and/or overexpression does not play a significant role in the progression of lobular breast neoplasia.
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PMID:C-erbB-2 oncogene protein in in situ and invasive lobular breast neoplasia. 167 30

We examined samples of tumors of human breast, ovary, and colon of various degrees of malignancy for the expression of p53 protein, using a panel of anti-p53 antibodies and peroxidase immunohistochemistry. Of 66 tumor cases (24 cases of ovarian carcinoma, 23 cases of colon adenocarcinoma, and 19 cases of breast carcinoma), 36 (53%) showed high levels of expression of p53 using a human-specific antibody, and 16 (24%) showed high expression of a mutant form of p53. In the mutant p53-positive breast tumor samples, six (86%) were positive for HER-2/neu reactivity, compared with colon (0/4) and ovarian tumors (1/5). The pattern of p53 intracellular localization and tissue distribution, and the relationship between the expression of mutant p53 and cell differentiation, were also examined; poorly differentiated cells showed either overexpression of p53 or higher levels of mutant p53 in comparison with more normal cells.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical analysis of p53 and HER-2/neu proteins in human tumors. 168 Aug 97

The effects of cell surface sugar chains combined with certain gene amplifications of breast cancers on the prognosis of patients were studied and the relationships between the sugar chains of cancer cells and amplifications of the proto-oncogenes c-myc, int-2 and c-erb B-2, evaluated. One hundred and fifty three human breast carcinoma tissues were investigated by an immunohistochemical technique using the avidinbiotin-peroxidase method with 1 lectin (HPA; Helix Pomatia) and 4 monoclonal antibodies (B-72-3, St-439, anti-Tn and anti-T). The positive rates of HPA, St-439, B-72-3, anti-Tn and anti-T were 43 per cent (63/153), 52 per cent (80/153), 53 per cent (81/153), 64 per cent (98/153) and 89 per cent (136/153), respectively. Patients whose cancers had positive HPA staining were found to have a lower survival rate than those with negative HPA staining (p less than 0.05), whereas those whose cancers had positive St-439 staining showed a better prognosis than those with negative St-439 staining (p less than 0.01). The positive rate of HPA was related to the gene amplification of c-myc proto-oncogene (p less than 0.01), whereas the negative rate of St-439 was correlated with the gene amplification of c-erb B-2 (p less than 0.01). These data indicate the prognostic value of HPA and St-439 and also the relationships between the gene amplifications and carbohydrate structures in breast cancer cells.
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PMID:The prognostic value of tumor-associated carbohydrate structures correlated with gene amplifications in human breast carcinomas. 168

Twenty patients with bladder carcinoma (14 transitional cell carcinoma and six squamous cell carcinoma) and ten controls of (four with bilharzial lesions, three without and three with metaplasia and dysplasia) were subjected to immunocytochemical and immunohistochemical studies. Bladder and urine samples examination were carried out with the high molecular weight cytokeratin and broad spectrum keratin antibodies using peroxidase anti-peroxidase. Cytokeratins of high molecular weight were expressed in all squamous cancer while broad spectrum keratin was positive in 83.3%. The transitional cell carcinoma was positive in 50% with both cytokeratin and broad spectrum keratin. Urine shedded were positive in 83.3% and 66.7% of squamous cell carcinoma with high molecular weight cytokeratin and broad spectrum keratin respectively. However, each of them was positive in 50% of transitional carcinoma, and negative with non-malignant cases except with metaplasia and dysplasia.
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PMID:Schistosomiasis associated bladder carcinoma expression of cytokeratin. 169 73

Differences in glycoconjugate composition between proliferative endometrium and endometrial adenocarcinoma were investigated by histochemical techniques using seven different lectins as probes. For light microscopy, the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) method was used. Concanavalin A (Con A), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA) stained almost all glandular cells in both proliferative (normal) and malignant endometria. Ulex europeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) strongly stained cancer cells, especially well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, but it scarcely stained normal endometrium. Peanut agglutinin (PNA) binding sites were observed only along the apical surface of normal endometrial glands, while the cytoplasm of endometrial adenocarcinoma cells was often positive for PNA. Soybean agglutinin (SBA) faintly reacted with proliferative endometrium and occasionally with malignant cells. Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) slightly stained proliferative and malignant endometria. By electron microscopic examinations using horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled lectins, we observed that UEA-1, PNA, and Con A stained the Golgi membranes and plasma membrane of carcinoma cells. In addition, the Con A reaction was positive in the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope. These results revealed the differences in oligosaccharide chains between normal and malignant endometria, suggesting that UEA-1 and PNA, in particular, may be useful indicators of malignancy of the endometrium.
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PMID:Differences in lectin binding patterns of normal endometrium and endometrial adenocarcinoma, with special reference to staining with Ulex europeus agglutinin 1 and peanut agglutinin. 169 83

In a preliminary study for the development of an automated lung cancer cytology screening system utilizing both flow and image processing techniques, potential markers for the flow cytometric screening for carcinoma cells in sputum were analyzed. Immunostains were applied by the avidin-biotin peroxidase complex method, using antibodies to keratin (55-57 KD), TA-4 and SCC (antigens of squamous cell carcinoma of the human uterine cervix), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), to carcinoma cells from 123 cases with lung cancer (35 with squamous cell carcinomas, 64 adenocarcinomas, 13 large cell carcinomas, 5 small cell carcinomas and 6 other histologic types) and to sputum cells from 113 cytologically negative cases (as controls). The positive rates were 60.1% for keratin, 34.8% for TA-4, 28.2% for SCC, 1.4% for NSE, 0.1% for GRP and 7.9% for CEA for carcinoma cells (P less than .05 for all) and 7.4% for keratin and 1.0% for SCC for sputum cells (P less than .05 for both). It was concluded that keratin is the most effective marker, not only for squamous cell carcinoma, but also for adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma. Since most small cell carcinoma cells in sputum have little or no cytoplasm, it is necessary to use an intranuclear marker to detect this histologic type.
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PMID:Comparison of cytologic markers for automated lung cancer screening. 170 34

Carcinoma of the prostate is a tumor with a variable clinical course and a high incidence of local progression and/or metastasis. This study was undertaken to evaluate tissue prostate specific antigen (PSA) in patients with carcinoma of the prostate, its correlation with Gleason's grading and its value in predicting the clinical course of these patients. We studied 28 transurethral biopsies of patients with prostatic carcinoma utilizing HE and peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining techniques. These were given a score of 2 to 10 using Gleason's grading. PSA was determined according to percent positivity. The clinical course was considered favourable (F) when the lesion remained stable and unfavourable (U) when peri-prostatic spread was evidenced, metastasis and/or death from the disease. Statistical analysis was performed with the linear discriminatory test. PSA percentages ranged from 0 to 95 and the Gleason score from 3 to 11. There was an indirect correlation between these methods (r = 0.74): high Gleason scores corresponded to low PSA values and viceversa. PSA was highly positive in patients with F and U clinical courses whereas low positive values (less than 40%) were observed only in patients with U clinical course. High Gleason (8 to 10) and low (less than 5) scores were observed only in patients with a clinical course of U or F, respectively, while intermediate values (5 to 8) were not predictive of the clinical course. Discriminatory analysis gave Z values of -2.446 (P = 0.014) for PSA, -2.90 (P = 0.004) for the Gleason score in predicting prognosis, conferring a greater value overall to the latter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Specific prostatic antigen in prostatic carcinoma: its relationship with tumor differentiation and clinical course]. 171 89

Enzyme-labeled monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were used in an immunohistochemical, dual-staining study of 10 colon adenocarcinomas. MAbs B72.3 and COL-4, reactive with the high molecular weight tumor-associated glycoprotein-72 (TAG-72) antigen and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), respectively, were labeled with horseradish peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase. Dual staining using the two MAbs on a single tissue section (formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded) showed that greater numbers of carcinoma cells could be detected by using the combination of the two MAbs than could be detected by use of either MAb alone. In many tumors, some carcinoma cells reacted with MAb B72.3, some reacted with MAb COL-4, and some cells reacted with both MAbs. Only 1 of 10 carcinomas showed greater than 75% reactive cells when stained with each MAb individually. In 9 of 10 cases, however, greater than 75% of cells reacted when the combination of MAbs was used. Cell surface and cytoplasmic patterns of reactivity were observed with both MAbs while some pools of extracellular mucin were composed of both TAG-72 and CEA. This study supports the rationale for the use of a combination of anti-TAG-72 and anti-CEA MAbs for in vitro immunologic detection and potential in vivo immunodiagnostic and immunotherapeutic applications for these MAbs in colon adenocarcinoma patients.
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PMID:Complementation of expression of carcinoembryonic antigen and tumor associated glycoprotein-72 (TAG-72) in human colon adenocarcinomas. 171 93

The authors used helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) staining to examine 163 primary gastric carcinoma isolates, using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. The positive HPA staining rate was 59% (96/163) for the primary tumors, and the positive staining correlated well (with statistical significance) with tumor enlargement, penetration, lymphatic invasion, and metastasis (P less than 0.01), and with infiltrative spread (P less than 0.05). Patients with gastric cancer showing positive HPA staining had a lower survival rate (P less than 0.001), particularly when the cancer cells were present on the serosal surface. Careful follow-up and intensive postoperative therapy are required for patients with an HPA-positive advanced gastric carcinoma.
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PMID:Helix pomatia agglutinin binding activity is a predictor of survival time for patients with gastric carcinoma. 171 83

Proliferating cells in liver specimens from patients with various diseases were detected by use of a monoclonal antibody against human DNA polymerase-alpha, which is present in the nuclei of cells in the G1, S, M and G2 phases of the mitotic cell cycle and absent in the G0 phase, to clarify the kinetics and morphological characteristics of these cells. This monoclonal antibody was supernatant derived from clone CL22-2-42B, and the peroxidase antiperoxidase method was used. Not only epithelial cells (hepatocytes, biliary epithelial cells and hepatocellular carcinoma cells) but also nonepithelial cells (Kupffer cells and other macrophages, endothelial cells, fat-storing cells, lymphocytes and fibroblasts) were stained for DNA polymerase-alpha. In acute viral hepatitis with confluent necrosis, small hepatocytes with basophilic cytoplasm next to the necrosis accounted for most of the proliferating cells. In these areas, Kupffer cells and other macrophages and lymphocytes had often proliferated. Hepatocellular carcinoma cells were frequently stained for DNA polymerase-alpha, in addition to endothelial cells, macrophages and lymphocytes. These nonepithelial cells were stained more frequently in specimens with many stained carcinoma cells than in those with only a few cells stained. In fibrotic areas, fibroblasts were often stained for this enzyme. In proliferating bile ducts, both small epithelial cells and large mature cells were stained. The differences between stained and nonstained cells that were not hepatocytes could not be defined by their ultrastructural characteristics. From these findings, it seemed possible that sinusoidal cells, especially Kupffer cells and other macrophages, might be much involved in hepatocytic proliferation during regeneration of the liver and also in the occurrence of malignant tumors.
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PMID:Detection of proliferating liver cells in various diseases by a monoclonal antibody against DNA polymerase-alpha: with special reference to the relationship between hepatocytes and sinusoidal cells. 171 33


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