Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We treated a patient who had acute renal failure secondary to obstructive uropathy from metastatic breast carcinoma. Attempts at ureteral catheterization and nephrostomy failed. Bilateral ureteral irradiation was given, followed immediately by chemotherapy, with relief of obstruction and normalization of renal function. Nineteen months later, the patient died; at that time, her serum urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels were normal.
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PMID:Renal failure from metastatic breast carcinoma reversed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. 608 57

A 3 1/2-year follow-up study of 198 patients treated with photochemotherapy (PUVA) revealed a total of 18 carcinomas developed in 11 patients. There were 12 basal cell carcinomas and 6 squamous cell carcinomas, localized mainly on non-sun-exposed areas. Furthermore 9 actinic keratoses were diagnosed in 8 patients. All patients with carcinomas had been exposed to at least one of the following possible risk factors; ionizing radiation, methotrexate (MTX), arsenic, topical nitrogen mustard, or had a history of skin carcinoma previous to PUVA therapy. No significant differences in accumulated UVA dose existed between patients with carcinoma or keratosis and patients without tumours. A subgroup of 38 psoriatics previously treated with MTX was compared with a control group of 101 psoriatics treated with MTX--but never with PUVA. The control group was matched for sex, age and presence of the risk factors: ionizing radiation, arsenic and history of carcinoma. The carcinoma incidence in the PUVA-MTX group was 9% and in the control group 11%. The difference was not significant (p = 0.9).
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PMID:Skin carcinomas and treatment with photochemotherapy (PUVA). 619 35

Tallysomycin S10b (TLM S10b), a structural analog of bleomycin (BLM), was evaluated and compared with BLM for antitumor activity in several murine tumor systems and for toxic effects in mice and rats. Neither TLM S10b nor BLM was effective against IP P388 and L1210 leukemias, whereas both drugs were active against IP P388/J leukemia (a BLM-sensitive subline). TLM S10b and BLM were both active against murine solid tumors, including SC B16 melanoma, IV Lewis lung carcinoma, SC Madison 109 lung carcinoma, SC CD8F1 mammary carcinoma and SC Colon 38 carcinoma. In human tumor xenograft models, TLM S10b was active against a colon tumor and had slight activity against breast and lung tumors. Compared with TLM S10b, BLM had less activity against the colon tumor, comparable activity against the breast tumor, and no effect against the lung tumor. A consensus of the antitumor data indicated that compared with BLM, TLM S10b had comparable or greater activity and was about twice as potent. TLM S10b and BLM had approximately equivalent LD50 values in mice. TLM S10b had minimal effects on WBC counts, blood urea nitrogen levels, and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase levels in mice during the time periods monitored. These effects were comparable to or less pronounced than those of BLM. Both drugs caused dose-related increases in the whole-lung hydroxyproline content in mice, but the dose-response curves were not parallel. TLM S10b caused a larger increase than BLM at the lower doses and a smaller increase than BLM at the highest doses. In rats, TLM S10b and BLM caused comparable, significant decreases in lung mechanics; however, histopathological examination of the lungs indicated that TLM S10b caused less evidence of pulmonary toxicity than did BLM at comparable dose levels. TLM S10b was, therefore, generally comparable to BLM in causing pulmonary toxicity in mice and showed possibly less pulmonary toxicity in rats, while demonstrating approximately equivalent to four-fold greater potency, depending on the test system. It also appeared that TLM S10b caused less pulmonary toxicity than BLM in both mice and rats at doses approaching maximally tolerated levels. TLM S10b is currently undergoing phase I clinical evaluation.
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PMID:Tallysomycin S10b: experimental antitumor activity and toxicity. 620 48

Electron spin resonance (ESR) studies at -130 degrees have been made on frozen samples of normal human cervix and uterus and on frozen samples of various pathological conditions of the cervix and uterus including fibroleiomyoma and carcinoma. Fifty-five samples of normal cervix and endometrium, 40 samples of nonmalignant disturbances, 15 benign tumor samples, and 20 malignant samples were studied. Very strong ESR signals were seen in frozen powders and frozen intact samples of normal cervix and endometrium and in nonmalignant gynecological conditions. In many cases, the ESR signal was greatly decreased or even undetectable in cancer samples. The substance(s) responsible for the ESR signal in frozen intact tissue (g = 2.11 to 2.15) is decreased in concentration when the sample is ground to powder under liquid nitrogen, and an anisotropic signal (g = 2.002 to 2.035) then becomes much more evident. The ESR signals in intact and in powder samples are sensitive to temperature variations; the signals disappear around 0 degrees, and only the intact samples show significant recovery of signal on recooling. The anisotropic g values and temperature sensitivity in the powders may result from an organic peroxy radical that is more strongly associated with a metal ion in intact samples.
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PMID:Electron spin resonance studies on normal human uterus and cervix and on benign and malignant uterine tumors. 626 70

Metabolic or synthetic N-hydroxylation of N-arylamides yields N-arylacylhydroxamic acids considerably more carcinogenic for the rat mammary gland than the parent amides both by systemic and topical administration. The size of the aryl moiety, the position of the nitrogen relative to the aryl moiety and the type of acyl group are determinants of the carcinogenic potency of N-arylacylhydroxamic acids. Induction of mammary tumors required ovarian hormones. Receptors for estrogen, androgen and progesterone were shown in the N-hydroxy-N-2-fluorenylacetamide (N-OH-2-FAA)-induced mammary carcinoma. This tumor involved epithelial and stromal components of the mammary gland that were separated in culture and produced tumors of their respective origin in the isologous host. Both mammary epithelial cells and fibroblasts are capable of metabolism of carcinogens. The enzymes potentially involved in metabolic activation of N-arylamides and N-arylacylhydroxamic acids in the mammary gland include: a cytochrome P-450(P(1)-450) system, UDP-glucuronyltransferase, N,O-acyltransferases and peroxidases. Mammary microsomes in which cytochrome P(1)-450 was induced generated small amounts of N-OH-2-FAA from 2-FAA. N-OH-2-FAA and its carcinogenic isomer, N-OH-3-FAA, were oxidized by cytochrome c/H(2)O(2) to the nitroxyl free radicals which dismutated to the respective acetate esters and nitrosofluorenes. The addition of unsaturated lipid to either the free radicals or to the nitrosofluorenes gave electron spin resonance signals characteristic of immobilized radicals. It is proposed that interactions of carcinogens with lipids and with DNA play a role in mammary tumorigenesis.
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PMID:Pathobiologic and metabolic aspects of mammary gland tumorigenesis by N-substituted aryl compounds. 633 24

Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) combination chemotherapy has induced a high response rate in the treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma at our clinic. However, due to the risks of renal failure, renal function manifested by creatinine clearance (Ccr) of more than 50 ml/min is suggested to be the requirement for CDDP therapy. Unfortunately, some patients do not meet this requirement. Thus, the renal function of patients who were treated with our combination chemotherapy was evaluated and the method of CDDP administration was modified for these patients. Four patients with Ccr in the range of 38 approximately 49 ml/min were treated and 3 patients achieved objective response; complete response in 1 case and partial response in 2 cases. Transient decrease in Ccr and elevation of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were observed but these changes were reversible in all but 1 of the 10 courses. The results indicate that CDDP can be administered with reasonable safety without sacrificing anti-tumor activity in patients with Ccr of less than 50 ml/min.
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PMID:[Chemotherapy of metastatic urothelial carcinoma. cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum combination chemotherapy for patients with decreased renal function]. 653 59

Radiation-associated thyroid carcinoma is of clinical importance in modern radiation therapy of both Hodgkin's disease (HD) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), because anatomically the thyroid is often in the radiation field. We have reviewed the records of HD and NHL patients seen at Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) between 1910 and 1960 to determine associated occurrence of thyroid cancer. Radiation therapy was the major therapeutic modality with the occasional use of single agent chemotherapy with nitrogen mustard, triethylene melamine (TEM), chlorambucil and prednisone. There were 519 patients with HD and 863 with NHL. The thyroid glands of 439 (84%) HD and 544 (63%) NHL patients were included in the field of radiation. The mean age of patients with HD was 39 yr while for those with NHL, it was 53 yr. The mean survival in HD was 4.2 yr and in NHL 3.8 yr. There were three cases of thyroid cancer among the HD patients occurring 31, 44 and 48 yr, respectively, after radiation therapy. When compared with the number of thyroid cancers expected to develop, the incidence was significantly greater (p less than 0.005). In contrast, three NHL patients were found to have thyroid cancer at the time of surgery or postmortem examination. This number is again greater than expected in such a population (p less than 0.005); however, in only two cases could the cancer be considered as a sequela to NHL treatment. In all three cases the cancer turned out to be subclinical thyroid carcinoma, incidentally found at surgery or autopsy. One of the patients is still alive without evidence of either disease. The reason for this difference between patients with HD and NHL treated with a similar principle is unclear. Some of the factors contributing to this difference may include: the younger age of HD patients at diagnosis; the longer survival of patients with HD as compared with those with NHL; differences in the sites of radiation and type of treatment given; and possible differences in immunological status between the two groups.
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PMID:Association of thyroid carcinoma with malignant lymphoma. 664 82

The effects of diets containing 12% (W/W) and 28% of casein or lactalbumin hydrolysate on the growth of implanted mammary adenocarcinoma H2712 in C3H-HeJ strain and fibrosarcoma 1038 in DBA-2J strain mice were compared. Our data indicate that amino acid intake in excess of the minimum requirement for normal growth of non-tumour-bearing mice enhances the growth of implanted fibrosarcoma and mammary carcinoma. The effect is not related to protein quality or amino acid distribution and appears to be solely dependent on the amino acid or nitrogen concentration in the diet.
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PMID:The effect of concentration and type of dietary protein hydrolysates on tumour growth in mice. 665 86

This is a retrospective review of 233 patients who had surgical exploration for proven or suspected malignant lesions of the exocrine pancreas and periampullary structures. There were 24 patients with carcinoma of the ampulla or duodenum, 12 with carcinoma of the bile duct, and 197 with lesions of the pancreas. Among the latter group, 128 patients had carcinoma diagnosed at initial operation (31 by duodenopancreatectomy, 33 by liver, and 64 by other biopsies), and 69 patients had suspected carcinoma of the pancreas without histological proof. History of jaundice, pruritus, nausea/vomiting, total weight loss, duration of pain, and values of blood urea nitrogen, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and albumin were significantly different among the various groups. Patients who had resection of carcinoma of the duodenum or ampulla had the best 5-year survival rate (39 +/- 12%). Among patients with resectable or nonresectable carcinoma of the pancreas, some of the symptoms and laboratory tests studied had prognostic significance.
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PMID:Clinical and laboratory findings of carcinoma of the pancreas and periampullary structures. 669 85

In growth proliferation experiments on two human prostatic carcinoma cell lines, DU 145 cells were found to be more sensitive to the cytotoxic effect of estramustine and nor-nitrogen mustard than PC-3 cells. Estramustine was, however, much more cytotoxic in both cell lines than nor-nitrogen mustard. Cytogenetic experiments revealed that estramustine produced a drastic increase of the mitotic index in both these cell lines. This increase could be accounted for by the arrest of cells in their first treatment-metaphase. The arrested metaphases exhibited all the characteristics commonly found for stathmokinetic agents such as colchicine and vinca-analogues. No mitotic arrest was found for nor-nitrogen mustard but chromosomal aberrations were found at toxic concentrations. Estradiol exhibited minimal toxicity and caused no mitotic arrest in these cell lines. The mitotic arrest induced by estramustine was found to be reversible on removal of the drug.
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PMID:Estramustine-induced mitotic arrest in two human prostatic carcinoma cell lines DU 145 and PC-3. 669 18


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