Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Combination chemotherapy studies were carried out in vivo against sarcoma 180 (ascites)(S180) and Ehrlich (ascites) carcinoma (EAC) tumours using cytotoxic drugs and methoxyphenyl maleamic acid (MPMA), an intermediate in the synthesis of pyrrolidine-nitrogen-mustards. Preliminary data have suggested that the combination of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and methoxyphenyl maleamic acid (MPMA) was more active than 5-FU used singly against EAC tumour. The possible therapeutic potential of this combination was further investigated in EAC tumour.
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PMID:Efficacy of 5-fluorouracil in combination with methoxyphenyl maleamic acid in murine tumors. 184 70

Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA was identified in the plume produced during CO2 laser vaporization of respiratory tract papillomata. The plume produced from CO2 vaporization was collected on Gelfoam pledgets that were affixed to suction tips evacuating the vapor plume from the operative field. The Gelfoam pledgets were snap frozen in liquid nitrogen, processed, and examined for HPV-6 and HPV-11 DNA by a polymerase chain reaction technique. Tissue and vapor-plume specimens were collected from 22 patients undergoing CO2 laser excision of laryngeal lesions. Seven patients had adult-onset recurrent respiratory laryngeal papillomatosis (RRP), 12 had juvenile-onset RRP, two had laryngeal carcinoma, and one had nonspecific laryngitis. HPV-6 or HPV-11 was identified in 17 of 27 vapor-plume specimens from RRP and in none of three from non-RRP lesions. All but one RRP tissue specimen contained HPV-DNA, and none of the non-RRP tissues contained HPV-DNA. When HPV was present in vapor, the same HPV type was found in the corresponding tissue specimen. Identification of HPV-DNA in the laser plume raises concern regarding potential risks from exposure to the plume--particularly to the endoscopic surgeon and the operating team. The practical concerns and effectiveness of the plume scavenging systems are discussed.
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PMID:Polymerase chain reaction identification of human papillomavirus DNA in CO2 laser plume from recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. 184 26

Point mutations in codons 12, 13 or 61 of the oncogenes Ha-ras, Ki-ras or N-ras have been identified in human malignancies of many types. Using the PCR (polymerase chain reaction) technique for DNA amplification in vitro and stringent probing of the amplified DNA on dot blots with a library of specific oligonucleotides, we have screened for the presence of ras mutations in oral and para-oral malignancies and some associated lesions. The material, from UK patients, consisted of 22 oral squamous-cell carcinomas including 5 neck metastases, 1 oral mucosal dysplasia, 1 proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, 1 antral and 1 tonsillar carcinoma, 1 basal-cell carcinoma, 1 salivary adenocarcinoma, 1 salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma and 1 lung adenocarcinoma metastatic to the gingiva. Genomic DNA was extracted from tissues which were fresh or preserved in liquid nitrogen. Two DNA samples contained point mutations in codon 61 of Ki-ras. One of these mutations was in the lymphocytes infiltrating a retromolar SCC. The other mutation (CAA to CAU; substitution of glutamine by histidine) was in the lung adenocarcinoma metastasis. The absence of ras mutations in the epithelium of primary oral squamous-cell carcinomas is of considerable interest as other work in our Department on Indian cases of oral carcinomas associated with chewing tobacco (quid) revealed that 35% of these had a codon 12, 13 or 61 mutation in Ha-ras. While ras activations arising from point mutations may occur in a high proportion of oral malignancies associated with chewing tobacco (quid), this was not the case in UK oral malignancies, even where tobacco was smoked.
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PMID:Ras mutations in United Kingdom examples of oral malignancies are infrequent. 204 May 36

The aetiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unknown, and many methods of treatment have been advocated. Patients with IBD are often nutritionally deficient and in negative nitrogen balance. The cause is multifactorial and includes decreased intake and absorption due to previous resection or mucosal involvement or increased exudation. General recommendations of vitamin and mineral supplements are usually made for these patients. Diet may have a more fundamental role in the aetiology and treatment of Crohn's disease, although this is not certain. Several controlled studies have confirmed that an elemental diet is as effective as steroids in inducing a remission in patients with acute Crohn's disease. Bacteria have also been implicated in the aetiology of Crohn's disease. Dietary measures may alter the intestinal flora and could result in a decrease of toxin production, which has been shown to correlate with clinical improvement. Although elemental diets are not effective in the treatment of ulcerative colitis, dietary measures may still be important. Preliminary studies suggest that eicosapentaenoic acid, which inhibits the production of mediators of inflammation by competing with enzymes in the arachidonic acid pathway, may be effective. Recent findings of increased faecal bile acids in patients with long-standing ulcerative colitis who developed dysplasia or carcinoma suggest that dietary measures may counteract these developments. It does appear that nutritional therapy in patients with IBD has both a primary and adjunctive role.
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PMID:Does nutritional therapy in inflammatory bowel disease have a primary or an adjunctive role? 211 81

The clinical, metabolic and anthropometric effects and wound healing metabolism of two regimens of total parenteral nutrition with different amount of nitrogen low, 0.1 g, and high, 0.3 g/body weight kg/day were examined in this prospective double-blind study in two groups of ten patients subjected to abdominoperineal rectum resection for carcinoma for seven postoperative days. The results showed that the high nitrogen infusion associated with metabolic stress indicated by high excretion of urea, high level of serum urea and by a higher frequency of complications. Five patients of the high and one of the low nitrogen group showed complications (p less than 0.05). Further, the metabolic load, complications and high nitrogen infusion associated with higher body temperature, degree of fatigue, levels of C-reactive proteins, leukocytosis and lower of hand pressure force than found in those with low nitrogen infusion. The patient with low or high nitrogen infusion had similar parameters in wound healing metabolism of incision and stoma. The patients with complications showed a reduced stomal hydroxyproline concentration on the third postoperative day (p less than 0.05) and an increase of stomal and wound hydroxyproline and DNA on the seventh postoperative day (p less than 0.05). It is concluded that nitrogen amount of 0.1 g body weight kg/day is a better and a good alternative as compared to 0.3 g in total parenteral nutrition after major abdominal surgery for carcinoma.
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PMID:Clinical and metabolic effects and wound healing metabolism in controlled total parenteral nutrition with high vs. low nitrogen content for seven days after abdominoperineal rectum resection for carcinoma. 213 29

Biopsies from 89 patients with cervical carcinoma were studied using a clonogenic assay to obtain values for the surviving fraction at 2 Gy (SF2). Heterogeneity in intrinsic radiosensitivity was investigated by independently processing multiple biopsies from 18 tumors. No significant differences between intra-tumour SF2 values were demonstrated (p = 0.30). The results have shown that intra-tumour heterogeneity is not a limitation to radiosensitivity testing using the Courtenay-Mills assay. A wide range of values (0.13-0.97) for SF2 was obtained with a mean value of 0.47 +/- 0.18 (+/- 1 S.D., CV = 38%) for 52 squamous cell carcinomas and 0.59 +/- 0.27 for four adenocarcinomas. There were statistically significant differences between the individual tumours (p less than 0.001). From the analysis-of-variance of all the SF2 results it appears to be the surviving fractions below about 0.40 and those above about 0.7 which show significant differences in radiosensitivity between pairs of tumours (p = 0.05). Also 36% of the values of SF2 show significant differences from the mean SF2 of all tumours. The storage of tumour cell suspensions in liquid nitrogen improved the colony-forming efficiency (CFE) but it did not alter the radiosensitivity.
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PMID:Radiosensitivity testing of primary cervical carcinoma: evaluation of intra- and inter-tumour heterogeneity. 224 21

The content of 18 amino acids in the blood serum was studied in 57 patients with T2-4 carcinoma of the bladder according to the stage of the process and the functional condition of the kidneys. Dysaminoacidemia was found in patients with T2 bladder carcinoma, which did not need correction; marked hypoaminoacidemia was encountered in stage T3-4 tumors. Chronic renal insufficiency (intermittent and terminal stages) is conductive to significant decrease of the blood amino acid level. The content of amino acids is lower in the postoperative than in the preoperative period. The degree of reduction of the amino acid content in blood was found to be dependent on the volume of the operation. The reduction of the amino acid content is more intense after cystectomy than after resection of the bladder. Correction of the blood amino acid content in the preoperative period in patients with T3-4 carcinoma of the bladder reduces the incidence of postoperative complications. Correction of hypoaminoacidemia with polyamine proves effective in patients with maintained renal nitrogen excreting function. In development of azotemia in patients with bladder carcinoma, substitution transfusion therapy for correction of hypoaminoacidemia becomes effective only after restoration of the nitrogen excreting function of the kidneys.
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PMID:[The free amino acid content of the blood serum in bladder cancer patients]. 226 99

Heat sensitivity and the development of thermotolerance of cells isolated directly from surgical specimens of human breast carcinoma, malignant melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were studied in vitro using the Courtenay soft agar colony assay. The plating efficiency of some of the tumours was sufficiently high (0.3-20.4%) for survival curves covering up to two to three decades to be established. Experiments repeated with cells stored in liquid nitrogen showed that the survival assay gave highly reproducible results. Heat sensitivity of thermotolerant cells was studied by giving cells a conditioning heat treatment of 43.5 degrees C for 60 min and, after incubation at 37 degrees C for 24 h, second graded heat treatments at 43.5 degrees C. Significant differences in heat sensitivity and development of thermotolerance between the three tumour types were not found. However, the heat sensitivity, whether the cells were thermotolerant or not, differed considerably among individual tumours of each histological category. Do at 43.5 degrees C was found to be in the ranges of 23-59 min (breast carcinoma), 20-63 min (malignant melanoma) and 20-57 min (squamous cell carcinoma) for single-heated cells and 105-476 min (breast carcinoma). 102-455 min (malignant melanoma) and 87-400 min (squamous cell carcinoma) for thermotolerant cells. The heat sensitivity of cells made thermotolerant showed no significant correlation to the surviving fraction after the conditioning heat treatment. The study indicated that histological category is a poor parameter for assessment of clinical heat responsiveness of tumours. Breast carcinoma, malignant melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma are probably, from a thermobiological point of view, equally good candidates for clinical trial aimed at studying the potential usefulness of hyperthermia as an adjunct to radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy. The large differences in heat sensitivity and development of thermotolerance observed among individual tumours, irrespective of histological origin, suggested that an in vitro predictive assay for heat responsiveness would be very useful for stratification purposes in such clinical trials.
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PMID:Heat sensitivity and thermotolerance in vitro of human breast carcinoma, malignant melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. 229 88

The effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on the growth of anaplastic carcinoma colonies in rat lungs after intravenous tumor cell injection was studied. From the first day after tumor cell injection, the rats were exposed to HBO for 16-21 days, 90 min per day. Oxygen at a pressure of 300 kPa (3.0 ATA) significantly decreased the number of lung tumor colonies and increased the survival of tumor-bearing rats, whereas the application of oxygen at a pressure of 100 kPa had no effect. An oxygen-nitrogen normoxic mixture balanced with nitrogen to 300 kPa (3.0 ATA) did not affect the number of colonies, suggesting that the effect was specific for oxygen and not for the increased pressure itself. A 6-day application of oxygen at a 300 kPa pressure suppressed the growth of lung tumor colonies when applied on days 1-6 and 7-12 after intravenous tumor cell injection, but had no effect when applied on days 13-18. In contrast to dramatic effects of HBO on the development of artificial lung metastases, the oxygen at the same 300 kPa pressure had no effect on the growth of tumor cells injected in the hind foot. Thus it appears that the suppression of lung tumor colonies by HBO was due to local oxygen effects in the lungs.
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PMID:Suppression of rat tumor colonies in the lung by oxygen at high pressure is a local effect. 231 52

To improve the therapeutic effects of conventional "two-route chemotherapy" (TRC) comprising cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP) given via the hepatic artery plus simultaneous i.v. sodium thiosulfate (STS) on metastatic liver tumors in rats, we combined TRC with aortic clamping at the supraceliac level. Treatments were evaluated in Wistar-King-Aptekman (WKA) rats bearing metastatic liver tumors 7 days after the inoculation of 10(6) syngenic RBT-1 (transitional-cell carcinoma) cells via the mesenteric vein. When 15 mg/kg CDDP was injected i.a. over 5 min, immediately followed by STS 1,580 mg/kg (200-fold the molar equivalent of 15 mg/kg CDDP) given i.v. over a further 5 min, the antitumor activity, evaluated by the number of tumor nodules present 12 days after treatment, was superior to that of conventional TRC (15 mg/kg i.a. CDDP plus simultaneous administration of 1,580 mg/kg i.v. STS), but the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level was highly elevated (63.6 mg/dl). With aortic clamping for 7.5 min during CDDP administration and the first half of STS treatment, the TRC consisting of CDDP plus delayed STS (modified TRC) exhibited a further improvement in antitumor activity, with no nephrotoxicity (BUN, 17.1 mg/dl). Although the antitumor activity of 3 or 5 mg/kg i.a. CDDP was also increased by aortic clamping, in animals with normal BUN levels the survival of those treated with modified TRC was greater than that of rodents given 3 mg/kg i.a. CDDP with aortic clamping; however, the former was the same as that of animals given 5 mg/kg i.a. CDDP with aortic clamping whose BUN levels were elevated (31.2 mg/dl). Loss of body weight, the decrease in WBC counts, and changes in the serum transaminase levels in rats given modified TRC were tolerable. The improved therapeutic effect of modified TRC can be explained as follows: during aortic clamping, (a) CDDP delivery to the kidney decreased by 96% and made feasible the delay in STS administration after CDDP without nephrotoxicity, and (b) CDDP retention in the liver was increased by 366%, as aortic clamping decreased the portal blood flow, thereby inhibiting the washout of CDDP from the liver.
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PMID:Increased therapeutic effect on metastatic liver tumors in rats of two-route chemotherapy using cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) and its antidote, sodium thiosulfate, with temporary clamping of the abdominal aorta. 235 64


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