Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

CSAp was originally detected with antisera to an unfractionated extract of GW-39 human colonic carcinoma xenografts, and was determined to be restricted to normal and neoplastic gastrointestinal tissues and certain ovarian tumors. Gel filtration chromatography of GW-39 extract on Sepharose 4B columns reveals that more than 90% of the CSAp is associated with the void volume fraction. The smaller m.w. CSAp fraction is a population of fragments heterogeneous in respect to size but immunologically identical to the void CSAp. Efforts to dissociate intact CSAp from the void fraction by treatment with solutions of high ionic strength, SDS, non-ionic detergents, and 1 M lithium bromide have not been successful. CSAp is a glycoprotein that binds to Sepharose-concanavalin A and is distinct from other known tumor-associated antigens in immunologic and physicochemical properties. The antigen shows sensitivity to high concentrations of chaotropic reagents and especially to sulfhydryl reagents, even in low concentrations, which supports earlier results indicating that the CSAp antigenic determinant is associated with the polypeptide chain rather than with a carbohydrate moiety. CSAp has been reduced in size by either sonication or partial tryptic digestion. The former produces immunologically active fragments, heterogeneous in respect to size, that resemble the smaller size CSAp, whereas the tryptic digest generates 2 distinct peptides. The major tryptic peptide is found to have an approximate molecular size of 120,000, as determined by gel filtration.
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PMID:Characterization of colon-specific antigen-p and isolation of immunologically active tryptic peptides. 616 26

Total poly(A)-containing RNA extracted from a rectal carcinoma was translated in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate. By addition of either a monoclonal or a polyclonal antibody, both monospecific for carcinoembryonic antigen, one protein with an apparent molecular weight of 85,000 was specifically precipitated, as shown by electrophoresis of the immunoprecipitate on sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gels. This protein behaves similarly to CEA isolated from liver metastases of a colon tumor in its property of being resistant to cleavage by cyanogen bromide. These findings suggest that this protein represents the CEA precursor protein. When we consider the high carbohydrate content of 60% of CEA, the observed molecular weight of the CEA precursor protein is in agreement with the reported molecular weight of 180,000 for CEA. By sedimentation of poly(A)-containing tumor RNA through a sucrose gradient, and by in vitro translation of each fraction of the gradient, the sedimentation coefficient of CEA-specific mRNA was found to be about 22 S.
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PMID:Characterization of messenger RNA specific for carcinoembryonic antigen. 620 32

The growth characteristics of the human syncytium-forming virus (HSFV) were examined in several human cell lines of normal and malignant origins and composing of either fibroblastic or epithelial-like cells. Virus production occurred only in the fibroblastic diploid cell lines: HEF (human embryonic cells, Flow #5,000) and HFDL #645 (human fetal diploid lung), but not in the epithelial-like heteroploid cell lines: RA (a continuous line of human amnion), #999 (human bone marrow), and KB (carcinoma of the nasopharynx). While the single-cycle growth pattern of the virus in HEF and HFDL #645 cell lines were essentially similar, the virus yield per cell was greater in the HFDL #645 cells. Furthermore, the physiological state of the cell had a marked effect on virus production. Subconfluent actively growing HFDL #645 cells produced higher yields of virus than density-inhibited confluent HFDL #645 cell cultures. The replication of HSFV was inhibited by actinomycin D at concentrations that did not interfere with poliovirus replication (0.001 to 0.01 microgram/ml). Pretreatment and posttreatments of infected cell cultures with either the polycation polybrene (hexadimethrine bromide) or the synthetic glucocorticosteroid dexamethasone did not enhance HSFV production.
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PMID:Replication of human syncytium-forming virus in human cells: effect of certain biological factors and selective chemicals. 626 25

Some 150 tumor specimens from 49 patients with non-small-cell carcinoma of the lung (23 epidermoid, 14 adenocarcinoma, 12 large-cell carcinoma) and three with nonneoplastic lung disease were analysed for cellular DNA content by flow cytometry. Monodispersed cells were stained with ethidium bromide and mithramycin. Normal specimens and samples from patients with nonneoplastic disease constantly yielded a single cell population with diploid DNA content. Twenty of 23 epidermoid carcinomas exhibited one or more than one aneuploid subpopulation. Ten of 12 large-cell carcinomas were characterized by one aneuploid clone and 2/12 by two aneuploid clones. Adenocarcinoma exhibited multiclonal cell subpopulations (one to five aneuploid clones). Further information has been obtained on the differential presence of clones in various tumor areas and in infiltrated lymph nodes. These tumors appear characterized by a remarkable degree of cellular heterogeneity. The cytometric ploidy level(s) and the cell population multiclonal structure yield, in comparison with, and in addition to, pathology, indications of possible clinical interest. A correlation between the clonal DNA content and a prognostic parameter such as the tumor mass doubling time has been demonstrated.
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PMID:Non-small-cell lung carcinoma: tumor characterization on the basis of flow cytometrically determined cellular heterogeneity. 631 7

A series of twenty-four alkylphosphonium salts were prepared and evaluated as potential antitumor agents in vivo against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC). Eleven compounds were screened in vivo against lymphoid leukemia L1210 and one against lymphocytic leukemia P388. Out of these, three compounds exhibited mild antitumor activity against EAC. Twenty compounds were tested for their cytotoxic activity against the growth of tissue culture cells originated from human epidermoid carcinoma of the nasopharynx (KB). All compounds but one exhibited significant cytotoxicity in this cell line. 2-Bromoethyltriphenylphosphonium bromide, chosen as a standard compound, was earlier reported [4] to have borderline activity against P388, but it failed to show any activity against EAC though it has exhibited significant in vitro cytotoxicity in KB cell culture. In the course of this study, seven new alkylphosphonium salts were synthesized.
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PMID:Alkylphosphonium salts as a new class of antitumor agents. 671 84

A study was made of the dependence of the fluorescence of ethidium bromide upon NaOH concentration after staining of single- and double-strand DNA fragments. The possibility of the fluorometric estimation of the share of double-stranded DNA in cell lysates was demonstrated. The method of fluorometry was used to study the dose dependence of a change in the share of double-stranded DNA in the irradiated thymocytes and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells which permitted to determine the appearance and repair of DNA breaks in these cells.
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PMID:[Fluorometric analysis of the formation and repair of DNA breaks in irradiated cells]. 672 58

In 18 biopsy specimens from human breast carcinoma a comparison was made between DNA measurements obtained by microspectrophotometry (MSP) of Feulgen-stained nuclei in imprints and flow cytometry (FCM) of nuclei stained with ethidium bromide. For each specimen FCM was performed both with ethanol-fixed cells and unfixed cells. In addition, single cell suspensions were made from other 11 fresh mammary cancer biopsies. Parts of these suspensions were analysed both by MSP (Feulgen-stained smears) and FCM (ethanol-fixed, mitramycin-stained cells). The MSP histograms show selected tumour cells and tumour-like cells. This explains the higher proportion of cells with DNA content above the 2 c level. A good agreement was found between the results obtained by MSP and FCM with regard to the ploidy of the DNA stemline(s). FCM of fixed cells (multiple-step procedure) yielded a slightly lower proportion of diploid cells than FCM of the unfixed cells (one-step procedure), probably owing to loss of small cells during the different preparation steps. It is concluded that the results from DNA-histograms obtained from MSP and FCM can be compared as to DNA-stemline ploidy of the cell population but not as to the proportion of cells with non-diploid DNA-content.
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PMID:DNA cytometry of primary breast cancer. Comparison of microspectrophotometry and flow cytometry, and different preparation methods for flow cytometric measurements. 686 8

Mononuclear cell infiltrates in thyroid gland tissue sections from patients with drug-treated Graves' disease (n = 5), non-toxic nodular goiter (n = 12) and papillary carcinoma (n = 5) were characterized by immunological membrane receptors. T lymphocytes were identified using 2-aminoethylisothiouronium bromide hydrobromide (AET)-treated sheep erythrocytes (E) (E-AET). E sensitized with rabbit IgM antibodies (A) and human complement (C) (EAC) were used to detect receptors for C3b (B lymphocytes and monocytes) or C3d (B lymphocytes). E sensitized with rabbit IgG antibodies were used to detect receptors for the Fc portion of IgG (FcR; lymphocytes and monocytes). The results indicate that T and B lymphocytes infiltrate the thyroid gland in Graves' disease as well as in nodular goiter. T lymphocytes seemed to predominate in both disorders. In thyroid papillary carcinoma the number of B and T lymphocytes was negligible. However, EA absorbed strongly to sections from 3 of the 5 tumors studied, indicating the presence of FcR on tumor cells or infiltrating host cells. The percentage of active and total T lymphocytes in peripheral blood from the patients with drug-treated Graves' disease was markedly reduced (9 +/- 5 and 28 +/- 11%, controls 22 +/- 9 and 68 +/- 11%; p less than 0.01 and less than 0.001). In patients with nodular goiter the percentage of total T lymphocytes was slightly, but significantly decreased (p less than 0.05). We suggest that the marked decrease in blood T lymphocytes observed in Graves' disease might be caused by the drug therapy. In nodular goiter the predominance of T lymphocyte infiltration together with a slight decrease in blood T lymphocytes suggest that autoimmune mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis.
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PMID:Immunological characterization of mononuclear cells in thyroid gland and blood in Graves' disease, multinodular goiter and papillary carcinoma. 689 2

A subunit (designated B1) of the tumor associated peptide "Tissue Polypeptide Antigen" (TPA) has been cleaved by cyanogen bromide. Some of the fragments contained TPA-activity (as measured by a standardized hemagglutination inhibition method). The fragments have been separated, and partial amino acid sequences have been determined for some of the fragments. A method for purification of the most active fragment (designated BrCN:C) has been worked out from cleavage products obtained by cleavage with cyanogen bromide of "Washed Tissue Powder". By this method fragment BrCN:C has been isolated from a pool of placentae and a pool or carcinoma tumors, and the amino acid sequences of more than 50 amino acids from the N-terminus have been determined. Fragment BrCN:C has been demonstrated from three different sources, which indicates the presence of a common part in subunit B1 independent of source.
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PMID:Chemical studies of tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA). II. Partial amino acid sequences of cyanogen bromide fragments of TPA subunit B1. 743 86

Plasminogen binding to cell surfaces may be important for tumor invasion and other processes that involve cellular migration. In this investigation, the principal plasminogen-binding protein was identified in the plasma membrane fraction of rat hepatocytes. The protein had an apparent mass of 59 kDa, was insoluble in a spectrum of detergents, and was identical to cytokeratin 8 (CK 8) as determined by sequence analysis of nine amino acids at the N terminus of two cyanogen bromide fragments. The 59 kDa protein bound CK 8-specific antibody in western blot analyses. These studies demonstrate that CK 8 or a CK 8-like protein binds plasminogen. Given this newly determined and potentially important CK 8 function, immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy studies were performed to determine whether CK 8 may be present on the external surfaces of unpermeabilized, viable hepatocytes. All of the cells in each preparation were immunopositive with two separate CK 8-specific antibodies. A punctate pattern of immunofluorescence was detected on the cell surface with approximately even intensity from cell to cell. By immunoelectron microscopy, CK 8 was preferentially associated with microvilli. In order to determine whether other epithelial cells express cell-surface CK 8, immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy studies were performed with HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells and with BT20 and MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells. The pattern of antigen expression was equivalent with each cell type and comparable to that observed with hepatocytes. These studies support the hypothesis that CK 8 is associated with the external cell surface where it may express important proteinase receptor function.
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PMID:A cytokeratin 8-like protein with plasminogen-binding activity is present on the external surfaces of hepatocytes, HepG2 cells and breast carcinoma cell lines. 754 67


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