Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1625 cervical smears from 397 women were investigated in special cytological consultations. On the same material 693 impulse cytophotometric (ICP) measurements were made, stained with ethidium bromide after pepsination. In 207 patients the diagnosis was certain by histology. The mean height of the 4c-peak (in 0/00 of the 2c-peak) raises with the Papanicolaou grading from 38,2 in Pap. I up to 128,8 in Pap. V. In histological confirmed cases in dysplasia the mean 4c-height was 79,5 and in carcinoma 102.2. If only one ICP investigation was turned to account there are some disagreements between the ICP value and the diagnosis finally resulting from the clinical and cytological course. The differences are considerably diminished by repeated ICP investigations. Therefore ICP measurements are a valuable aid in interpreting cytodiagnostic problems. They often facilitate the choice of further diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
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PMID:[Pulse cytophotometric and cytologic repeated examinations of cervical secretions as compared with histologic findings (author's transl)]. 6 43

Upon gentle lysis of exponentially growing mouse carcinoma cells FM3A by sodium dodecyl sulfate, DNA was released as a "DNA-protein complex" in a folded conformation. No histones could be detected in the DNA-protein complex. The proteins bound to DNA were found to be composed of several kinds of nonhistone proteins with a molecular weight range of 50,000 to 60,000; they appear to play a key role in stabilizing and maintaining the compact and folded structure of the complex. Removal of the proteins by Pronase or 2-mercaptoethanol produced a more relaxed structure sedimenting about half as fast as the original complex in a neutral sucrose gradient. DNA in the folded complex is supercoiled, as indicated by the characteristic biphasic response of its sedimentation rate to increasing concentration of various intercalating agents, actinomycin D, ethidium bromide and acriflavine, with which the cells were treated before lysis. Pronase- or 2-mercaptoethanol-treated relaxed DNA still possessed the characteristic of closed-circular structure as judged from its response to intercalating agents. Nicking with gamma-ray or 4NQO broke these superhelical turns and relaxed the folded complex to slower sedimenting forms equivalent to the relaxed DNA obtained on treatment with Pronase or 2-mercaptoethanol. Viscometric observations of DNA-protein complex were consistent with the above results. A tentative model for the structure of this DNA-protein complex is proposed in which supercoiled DNA is folded into loops by several kinds of nonhistone proteins. Autoradiographic examination of the complex appeared to support this model.
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PMID:Supercoiled DNA folded by nonhistone proteins in cultured mouse carcinoma cells. 9 42

In view of the marked antitumor activity of 3-deazauridine, the synthesis of 4-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,3-dihydroxybenzene (1,3-dideazauridine) and its dibenzyl derivative was carried out. 4-Bromo-1,3-dihydroxybenzene was converted to its dibenzyl derivative, which, upon reaction with n-butyllithium followed by treatment with anhydrous cadmium chloride, gave bis(1,3-dibenzyloxyphenyl-4)cadmium. Condensation of this intermediate with 2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-D-ribofuranosyl chloride in refluxing toluene, and subsequent removal of the protecting benzoyl groups, afforded 4-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,3-dibenzyloxybenzene which, upon catalytic hydrogenation over Pd/C, furnished the desired 4-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,3-dihydroxybenzene. The beta configuration at the anomeric center was established by NMR and hydrogen bonding studies. 4-(Beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,3-dibenzyloxybenzene inhibited the growth of leukemia L1210 cells by 50% at 7 x 10(-6) M, and that of mammary carcinoma TA3 cells at 5 x 10(-5) M. Dideazauridine itself was less active, inhibiting the leukemia L1210 but not the TA3 cells at 1 x 10(-4) M, but the compound was significantly active against herpes simplex (type I) virus in vitro.
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PMID:Synthesis and biological activity of 4-beta-Iribofuranosyl-1,3-dihydroxybenzene ("1,3-dideazauridine"). 16 82

A one-step procedure for the preparation of nuclei for flow microfluorometric DNA analysis is described. The membranes of the cells were lysed by the non-ionic detergent Nonidet P40. Single-cell suspensions, and specimens of solid tissues obtained with fine-needle biopsy, could be prepared equally well as the nuclei of solid tissue cells were released separately. Lysis was performed in the staining solution containing either ethidium bromide or propidium iodide. Fluorescence due to fluorochrome binding to RNA, was abolished instantaneously by the presence of RNA-se, and fluorochrome binding to secondary binding sites in DNA was inhibited with NaCl. The preparation time was 10 min and the samples were stable for a minimum of 12 h. With the basic version of the method, usable, but not always optimal, results were obtained in all the cell types tested: four different mouse ascites tumors, leucocytes, bone-marrow, liver cells, human lymphomas, human carcinomas of the breast and lung, mouse mammary carcinoma and solid JB-1 tumor. The method was further optimized for the JB-1 ascites tumour. The resulting two modified techniques are described. Differences in the staining of leucocytes with the analogues ethidium bromide and propidium iodide were demonstrated.
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PMID:Flow microfluorometric analysis of nuclear DNA in cells from solid tumors and cell suspensions. A new method for rapid isolation and straining of nuclei. 41 Jan 54

Immunoglobulins were isolated by affinity chromatography from sera of two patients with melanoma, one with sarcoma, and one with carcinoma. The affinity columns were prepared by covalently linking the membrane-rich fraction of biopsied melanoma cells to cyanogen bromide-activated agarose beads. The membrane-rich fractions were prepared by two methods: (a) hypotonic cell lysis, and (b) homogenization and differential centrifugation. Melanoma sera were autologous to melanoma membrane preparations. The isolated immunoglobulins showed immunoreactivity against antigens prepared from melanoma, sarcoma, and carcinoma cells by complement fixation but not against antigens prepared from normal human liver and lung tissues. Absorption of the isolated immunoglobulins with rabbit anti-human immunoglobulin immunobeads resulted in complete elimination of the complement-fixing antibody titer in one instance, whereas reduction occurred in other samples. Similar absorption with rabbit anti-human immunoglobulin M immunobeads resulted in reduction, but not complete elimination, of the antibody titers against target tumor cell preparations. These results suggest the presence of immunoreactive immunoglobulin G in all immunoglobulins and immunoglobulin M in some. Absorption of the isolated immunoglobulins with cultured sarcoma cells reduced but did not completely abolish antibody activity against autologous or allogeneic melanoma target antigen, whereas it did completely abolish activity against sarcoma target antigen. However, absorption with cultured allogeneic melanoma cells abolished the antibody activity against melanoma as well as sarcoma target antigens. The antibody titers of the isolated immunoglobulins were not affected by absorption with cultured lymphoblastoid cells. Since cultured melanoma and sarcoma cells were known to contain oncofetal antigen(s), these results suggest that the isolated immunoglobulins from cancer sera by melanoma membrane affinity chromatography were of at least two specificities: (a) antioncofetal; and (b) antitumor associated. The former group may be comprised of antibody to cross-reactive antigens associated with different histological types of tumors. However, it was apparent that a portion of the antibody activity was against common tumor-associated antigen(s). These results provide further evidence for the presence of common antigen(s) associated with biopsy specimens of human malignant melanoma.
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PMID:Isolation and immunochemical characterization of antibodies from the sera of cancer patients which are reactive against human melanoma cell membranes by affinity chromatography. 42 6

In cases without a history of gastrointestinal or cardiac disease, acute odynophagia prompts the tentative diagnosis of drug-induced esophageal ulcer. Possible causes are tetracycline, clindamycin, emepronium bromide, potassium chloride, etc. Other diseases such as carcinoma can be ruled out by endoscopy and biopsy. To avoid such esophageal lesions drugs should be taken with sufficient fluid and not immediately before bedrest.
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PMID:[Drug-induced esophageal ulcers]. 49 7

The RNA, secreted by the cells of Ehrlich ascite carcinoma stimulates the inoculability and growth of the tumour. It contains double-helical regions, is resistable to the effects of pancreatic RNAse, has a melting point at 74 degrees and is eluted from the hydroxylapatite column by 0,25 M phosphate buffer. During its interaction with ethidium bromide the RNA increases the fluorescence of the dye. The amount of double-helical regions in the RNA makes up to 60%. These double-helical regions are formed in the carcinoma-secreted RNA due to RNA self-supercoiling. This was demonstrated by fluorescence studies of the RNA-ethidium bromide complex under various RNA denaturation and renaturation conditions.
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PMID:[Secondary structure of RNA secreted by Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells]. 49 86

A 92-kD transglutaminase (TGase K), expressed in human cultured keratinocytes and stratum corneum, catalyzes a critical step in the formation of the cornified envelope of terminal differentiation. A rabbit polyclonal antibody to TGase K was used to isolate overlapping cDNA clones from a human keratinocyte cDNA expression library. The cDNA clones were sequenced and unequivocally identified as TGase K by comparison to the N-terminal amino acid sequences of two cyanogen bromide fragments from the purified enzyme. The mRNA for Tgase K is expressed in cultured keratinocytes but not in A431 squamous carcinoma cells, in fibroblasts, or in other non-epithelial tissues and cells. Although TGase K protein expression is limited to the upper layers of normal epidermis, the mRNA is generally present throughout the epidermis, suggesting the possibility of post-transcriptional regulation. Precocious expression of TGase K protein occurs in psoriasis, and quantitative Northern blot analysis of TGase K mRNA from normal and involved epidermal biopsies from psoriasis patients suggests that TGase K mRNA levels are increased in psoriatic lesions. By using quantitative laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and in situ hybridization, the increase of the TGase K mRNA was in the range of 3-7 times in the psoriatic epidermis and was significantly higher compared with normal skin and with paired adjacent skin. Quantitative LSCM provides a powerful and direct method for analysis of gene expression in skin.
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PMID:Type I keratinocyte transglutaminase: expression in human skin and psoriasis. 135 5

A microadhesion assay that allows the quantitative determination of carbohydrate-mediated cell adhesion to glycoconjugates immobilized on 96-well polystyrene plates has been developed. After dislodging nonadherent cells by centrifugation, specifically bound cells are quantified by colorimetric analysis of a blue formazan product generated from the dye 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide by enzymatic reduction. Carbohydrate specificity of the cell adhesion was demonstrated by inhibition analyses and the general applicability of the assay was proved with indicator cells of three different origins: mouse fibrosarcoma cells, Chang liver cells, and human breast carcinoma cells (MDA-MB 231).
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PMID:A quantitative microassay of carbohydrate-mediated cell adhesion to glycoconjugates immobilized on polystyrene plates. 144 8

The method of DNA binding to nitrocellulose filters was applied to DNA isolated from mouse liver and Ehrlich ascite carcinoma (EAC), calf thymus, and lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphoid leukemia. In those and phage PM2 DNA the increase in the DNA binding to the filters with a rise in NaCl concentration from 0.5 up to 4.5 M was sigmoidal being suggestive of a conformational transition. No such activity was found in the case of phage lambda or single-stranded DNA. The binding decreased dramatically after mild cleavage of DNA with DNAase I or treatment with phospholipase C or Eco RI and Hin PI restrictases. Incubation of DNA with ethidium bromide led to decrease in the amount of bound DNA. This effect was enhanced with a rise in the dye concentration. The isotherms of ethidium bromide binding to eukaryotic DNA obtained in Scatchard plots by optic titration had a component with a positive slope at low values of r. Bivalent ions (Mg2+, Zn2+) shifting the equilibrium towards the Z-form increased the proportion of macromolecules retained on the filters at NaCl concentrations of 1-3 M. Local changes in the helix conformation were studied with the help of chemical probes: diethylpyrocarbonate (guanine Z-DNA) and osmium-pyridine reagent (pyrimidines of boundary B-Z sites). These probes incorporation into samples of liver DNA, EAC, and lymphocytes resulted in chemical modification of all these samples. Modification of DNA by osmium-pyridine reagent led to inhibition of subsequent restriction by Eco RI restrictase. The data obtained are suggestive of the presence of Z-regions in the B-helix of eukaryotic DNA. A topological model of Z-site stabilization in small superhelical loops of DNA fixed by protein or lipoprotein molecules is proposed.
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PMID:[Detection of left-helical segments in eukaryotic DNA]. 148 26


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