Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serous surface carcinoma (SSC) of the peritoneum is defined as a primary tumor histologically indistinguishable from serous carcinoma of the ovary, diffusely involving the peritoneal surface but sparing or only superficially invading the ovaries. In this study of 22 cases of SSC, it was found that the main clinical manifestations of SSC were abdominal pain and enlargement. In most cases, SSC evenly involved the entire mesothelial surface but rarely was predominant in or even limited to the pelvis. It frequently invaded the submesothelium, but deep invasion into abdominal and pelvic organs or local metastasis was rare, and distant metastasis was not seen at presentation. Microscopically, SSC was a high-grade tumor frequently showing high mitotic rate, psammomas bodies, and necrosis. The tumor was usually contiguous with hyperplastic mesothelium on either ovarian surface or other locations. Tumor cells in all cases except one showed cytoplasmic or surface neutral or acidic mucin or both. Tumor cells stained positive for keratin (100% of cases), epithelial membrane antigen (100%), Leu-M1 (45%), B72.3 (85%), vimentin (35%), and carcinoembryonic antigen (25%). Electron microscopic studies of six cases showed epithelial differentiation in each. Seven patients (32%) were alive with no clinical disease at 3 to 31 months, one patient (4%) was alive with extensive local disease at 24 months, 11 patients (50%) died almost exclusively of local recurrence at 1 to 70 months, and three patients (14%) died of operative complications. It is concluded that SSC arises from peritoneal mesothelium but has epithelial phenotype. It can be morphologically differentiated from other conditions with similar laparotomy findings, such as malignant mesothelioma, benign papillary mesothelioma, cystic mesothelioma, and benign or borderline peritoneal serous tumors. The prognosis of SSC is poor, and most patients die of uncontrollable local disease.
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PMID:Serous surface carcinoma of the peritoneum: a clinicopathologic study of 22 cases. 168 45

Optically clear cytoplasm in tumor cells in the absence of mucin is most often associated with renal cell carcinoma. However it is important to recognize the rare occurrence of "clear-cell" variants among tumors arising in other sites. This report describes a clear-cell carcinoma arising in the transitional zone of the anal canal.
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PMID:Clear-cell carcinoma of the anal canal: a variant of anal transitional zone carcinoma. 169 Jan 73

Cytologic features of aspiration smears from a mucus-producing medullary carcinoma of the thyroid are described. Two patterns of mucin production by the tumor cells were noted. In some cells, mucin was present as numerous small cytoplasmic vacuoles with ultrastructural morphology characteristic of mucin granules. Other cells had larger, more well-defined cytoplasmic mucin vacuoles; on ultrastructural examination, they were found to be intracytoplasmic lumina. Although mucin production has been demonstrated in several histologic studies of medullary carcinoma, it has not been previously recognized in fine-needle aspiration biopsies from this neoplasm.
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PMID:Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of mucus-producing medullary carcinoma of thyroid: report of a case with cytologic, histologic, and ultrastructural correlations. 169 23

The anti-breast carcinoma monoclonal antibody (MAb), NCRC-11 defines a polymorphic epithelial mucin (PEM) which is elevated in the circulation of advanced breast carcinoma patients. Here we describe the purification and partial characterisation of this component from patients' sera and its use in the production of a second generation MAb, C568 (IgM). Pooled sera was fractionated by immunoaffinity and size-exclusion chromatography and the purity of preparations assessed by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunoblotting. Serum-derived PEM shows a similar pattern of electrophoretic mobility to PEM isolated from primary breast tumour tissue and migrates as several bands in 4% SDS polyacrylamide gels (Mr greater than 400,000). The epitope expression of PEMs isolated from either source is also similar, with both bearing topographically distinct determinants for several anti-mucin MAbs. The immunoreactivities of antibodies C568 and NCRC-11 were unaffected by boiling, reduction and alkylation, or by enzyme desialylation of PEM. Periodate oxidation and proteolytic digestion have suggested that the antigenic determinant for C568 is carbohydrate in nature whilst that of NCRC-11 is peptidic. In accord with the mucinous nature of the molecule, serum-derived PEM is susceptible to reductive beta-elimination, elutes in the void volume of a Sepharose CL-4B column and has a buoyant density of 1.45 g ml-1.
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PMID:Polymorphic epithelial mucin from the sera of advanced breast cancer patients--isolation and partial characterisation. 169 21

An extremely rare case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the thyroid in a 56-year-old woman is presented. The patient clinically having Hashimoto's thyroiditis was noted a nodule in her neck. The tumor was sited in the midportion of the left lobe of the thyroid, and histologically it showed both squamous features and mucin production. The squamous cells were arranged in solid sheets with horny pearls and the mucous cells tended to line dilated duct-like elements. Ultrastructurally, the epidermoid cells had aggregates of tonofilaments and well-developed desmosomal attachments, and the mucous cells contained numerous mucin granules in their cytoplasm. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that cytokeratin antibodies showed positivity for both the lining cells and squamous cells, whereas carcinoembryonic antigen positivity was found in the lining cells and intraluminal material. The tumor cells were negative for thyroglobulin, calcitonin, vimentin, chromogranin, and neuron-specific enolase. These unusual histologic and immunohistochemical features are suggestive of a tumor related to the so-called "solid cell nest" of the thyroid.
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PMID:Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the thyroid gland. 169 44

Monoclonal antibody (MAb) B72.3 has been shown to be of potential utility in the management of human carcinoma via its use in (a) the targeting of carcinoma lesions in colorectal and ovarian cancer patients, (b) immunohistochemical analyses of biopsies and effusions, and (c) serum assays to help define the presence of carcinoma. The B72.3-reactive antigen, designated tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 (TAG-72), has been characterized as a high molecular weight glycoprotein with the properties of a mucin. We report here the utilization of MAb B72.3 and 18 second generation MAbs (generated using purified TAG-72 obtained from a colon carcinoma xenograft as immunogen) to construct a serological map of the TAG-72 molecule. The generation and initial characterization of 10 of the second generation MAbs have been described previously; in addition, eight previously unreported MAbs were used. All 19 MAbs produced immune precipitate lines against purified TAG-72 in double immunodiffusion, indicating that each epitope recognized by a single MAb is present at least twice on the TAG-72 molecule. Immunodepletion analyses utilizing 11 of the anti-TAG-72 MAbs indicated that each recognizes the same molecule or population of molecules. Nineteen competition radioimmunoassays were developed and 19 purified competitor immunoglobulins were used in each assay. The patterns of cross-competition indicated the presence of a complex array of tumor-associated epitopes on the TAG-72 molecule. Some of the MAbs recognized epitopes that were structurally or spatially related to one another, but none appeared to recognize identical epitopes. The spectrum of inhibitory reactivities of these MAbs for TAG-72 binding varied from extremely restricted to more broad inhibition. The serological mapping studies reported here provide information as to the range and nature of the epitopes expressed on the TAG-72 molecule, help form the basis for selecting alternative anti-TAG-72 MAbs for use in potential clinical applications, and further define the nature of this oncofetal antigen.
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PMID:Serological mapping of the TAG-72 tumor-associated antigen using 19 distinct monoclonal antibodies. 169 62

The monoclonal antibody (Mab) OM-1, which defines the ovarian carcinoma-associated sebaceous gland antigen (SGA), and Mab F36/22, which defines the ductal carcinoma antigen (DCA), were tested for reactivity against a synthetic peptide representing the repeat twenty amino acid sequence of the human polymorphic epithelial mucin core protein plus four amino acids of the adjacent sequence (p1-24). OM-1 bound strongly to the peptide by direct dot blot assay and ELISA and the minimum epitope for OM-1 was shown to be APDTRP(A) by inhibition assay. F36/22 reacted weakly with the peptide under the same conditions and its affinity for peptide in solution was relatively very low. Mab OC125, which defines the ovarian cancer-associated antigen CA125, did not react with the p1-24 peptide. Five other anti-mucin Mabs (HMFG1, HMFG2, BC1, BC2, BC3), previously shown to bind to the p1-24 peptide, reacted strongly with SGA by direct binding and in a sandwich assay with OM-1 as the capture Mab. F36/22 was weakly positive under the same conditions suggesting that both peptide and SGA do not express the optimal epitope for F36/22 binding. These results indicate that SGA and possibly DCA have the repeat sequence core protein of the breast carcinoma-associated human polymorphic epithelial mucin.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibodies reactive with the breast carcinoma-associated mucin core protein repeat sequence peptide also recognise the ovarian carcinoma-associated sebaceous gland antigen. 169 26

The protein core of high mol. wt polymorphic epithelial mucin (PEM--approximately 400 kDa glycoprotein) which is associated with breast carcinomas, consists of a repeating 20 amino acid peptide motif [Gendler et al. (1988) J. biol. Chem. 263, 12,820-12,823]. Monoclonal antibodies C595 (anti-urinary mucin) and NCRC-11 (anti-breast carcinoma cells), and other antibodies against human milk fat globule membranes, were found to recognize determinants present within this 20 amino acid peptide. A model of the peptide was developed based on hydropathicity and structure prediction calculations and these indicated that the repeated structure is dominated by a hydrophilic domain of seven amino acids, extending into two flanking beta turns. NMR analysis of the 20 amino acid peptide was undertaken to probe the secondary structure. Epitope mapping experiments involving solid phase synthesis of overlapping heptapeptides in the repeat unit identified the minimum structures for antibody binding as Arg-Pro-Ala-Pro and Arg-Pro-Ala for the C595 and NCRC-11 antibodies, respectively. These determinants were found within the predicted hydrophilic turn region domain of the peptide. The epitopes for six other PEM-reactive monoclonal antibodies were also determined to reside within the predicted hydrophilic turn domain. This evidence is in accord with the disposition of this region of the PEM peptide core being at the exterior of the glycoprotein where it would be accessible to antibody recognition and binding events.
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PMID:Immunological and structural features of the protein core of human polymorphic epithelial mucin. 169 59

Twelve women with mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the cervix uteri were followed for 2-15 years after diagnosis. Three patients died within 14 months. All had lymph node metastases and/or vascular involvement and exhibited tumor invasion to a depth of 1.2-3.2 cm. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is defined as a tumor with the appearance of squamous cell carcinoma without any glandular pattern and with demonstrable intracellular mucin. The mucin is best demonstrated by alcian blue and periodic acid-Schiff-diastase. In 265 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, stage IB, lymph node metastases were present in 14%. In the cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma, the prevalence of nodal metastases was 33%. Because mucoepidermoid carcinomas appear to be more aggressive lesions than squamous cell carcinomas are, it may be advisable to stain all cervical squamous carcinomas for mucin if they demonstrate finely vacuolated cytoplasm and lack peripheral palisading. Immunohistochemical studies for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), keratin, and epithelial membrane antigen were positive in all tumors to varying degrees. The detection of CEA may be of additional help in establishing a diagnosis.
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PMID:Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of uterine cervix stage IB. Long-term follow-up, histochemical and immunohistochemical study. 170 Sep 69

A monoclonal antibody (MAb) designated PD41 (IgG1k) was generated by hyperimmunizing BALB/c mice with a membrane preparation prepared from a moderately to poorly differentiated prostate carcinoma surgical specimen. The immunohistochemical reactivity of MAb PD41 was shown to be highly restricted to the ductal epithelia and secretions of prostate adenocarcinoma tissues. Sixty-five % of the prostate tumor specimens were stained with MAb PD41, whereas no staining of the fetal or benign prostate specimens was observed. PD41 reacted minimally with normal prostate tissues, with less than 1% of the epithelial cells staining. This MAb did not react with nonprostate carcinomas or to a variety of normal human tissues. Using both radioimmunoassay and immunofluorescent procedures, several cultured human tumor cell lines, human blood cells, and purified antigens to prostate-specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase also were found not to express the PD41 antigen. MAb PD41 also was shown to bind to the target antigen present in seminal plasma obtained from prostate carcinoma patients but not to seminal plasma from normal donors. Immunoblots of gel-separated components of prostate carcinoma tissue extracts indicate that the molecular weight of the proteins carrying the PD41 antigenic determinant can differ among individual tumors, ranging from Mr 90,000 to greater than 400,000. However, in seminal plasma from prostate cancer patients, the predominant component recognized by PD41 is the diffuse Mr greater than 400,000 band. It appears that this monoclonal antibody may recognize a prostate carcinoma-associated mucin-like antigen, which is preferentially expressed on prostate carcinomas, and therefore, may be a useful marker to distinguish benign prostate hyperplasia from prostate carcinoma.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibody PD41 recognizes an antigen restricted to prostate adenocarcinomas. 170 72


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