Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The mucin lining of the bladder is thought to serve as a primary defense mechanism against bacterial colonization, and has recently been implicated in the urothelial resistance to carcinogenic insult. We have isolated a unique glycoprotein fraction (GP1) of this lining from the normal rabbit bladder which may have a function in preventing bacterial adherence and colonization in the urinary tract. This glycoprotein has been shown to bind to a wide range of uropathic bacteria. The present study examines changes in the bladder's antibacterial defense mechanisms as measured by GP1 expression in the neoplastic state. Using an anti-GP1 serum, immunohistochemical staining was performed on 20 paraffinized and fresh frozen transitional cell carcinomas ranging from low grade, superficial tumors to high grade, invasive tumors. The presence of GP1 was seen throughout the mucosal layer in normal specimens with increased amounts noted towards the mucosal surface. Progressively decreased expression was noted with increasing grades of all transitional carcinoma specimens. Mucosal field changes in GP1 expression were not noted in any of the patients. Intestinal mucosal controls failed to detect the presence of GP1. These studies suggest that the expression of GP1 decreases with tumor dedifferentiation and that bladder tumorogenesis may serve a role in handicapping the bladder's primary antibacterial defense mechanism.
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PMID:The presence of an antibacterial glycoprotein in a spectrum of transitional gel carcinomas. 161 62

Episialin, a mucus glycoprotein, is a well-known tumor-associated antigen used in a variety of tests to detect the presence of adenocarcinoma. With the introduction of the microparticle-captured enzyme immunoassay (MEIA), a new technique was introduced. We compared this assay with our standard method to detect adenocarcinomas, the measurement of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). In breast cancer, the breast cancer mucin (BCM) assay was more often positive in metastatic disease but was not better than CEA in stages I-III. In lung carcinomas, BCM and CEA gave similar results while in colorectal carcinoma, CEA was superior. BCM gave similar results to CA 15.3 in a group of breast cancer patients.
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PMID:Breast cancer mucin: an automated assay to detect mucus glycoproteins. 162 80

To establish a model system for preclinical radioimmunotherapy studies, attempts were made to graft 16 different human breast carcinoma cell lines into BALB/c nu/nu(nude) mice. Nine produced serially transplantable tumors growing at a variable rate, whereas seven failed to do so. Conversely, three new cell lines were established in monolayer culture from transplantable human breast tumors in nude mice. Twelve selected tumors and their corresponding cell lines were characterized for DNA ploidy, % S-phase, and breast epithelial mucin expression by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. A wide diversity of these cellular characteristics were found in that each tumor was unique and distinct from the others. DNA ploidy differed among the tumors but was not affected by switching between in vitro to in vivo growth. Some tumors expressed similar levels of the breast mucin both in vitro and in vivo, whereas most expressed lower levels as transplantable tumors. There was a good correlation between immunohistochemical and flow cytometric determination of surface and cytoplasmic mucin expression, and with both techniques estrogen and progesterone receptor positive tumors had significantly higher levels of mucin expression than receptor negative tumors. These 12 transplantable breast tumors, with their corresponding cell lines, provide an excellent model system for testing radioimmunotherapy and other therapeutic reagents because they exhibit diverse phenotypic characteristics that represented a mini-population of breast cancer patients' tumors, allowing assessment of the effect of therapy when confronted with different breast tumors' genotype and phenotype.
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PMID:Development and characterization of breast carcinoma cell lines as in vitro and in vivo models for breast cancer diagnosis and therapy. 163 39

An increasing incidence of colorectal carcinoma has been noted at this institution. We report seven children with colorectal carcinoma. The average delay between onset of symptoms and diagnosis was 41/2 months, and in five patients distant metastases were present at the first operation. Initial symptoms were ignored in all cases and in only one was the serious nature of the condition realized at first presentation. In five lesions the histology was mucin secreting adenocarcinoma, a poor prognostic variant. All seven died on average 11 months after diagnosis. These three factors--delay in diagnosis, advanced stage of disease, and poorly differentiated histology--contribute overall to a poor prognosis in the young.
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PMID:Colorectal carcinoma in children. 164 Mar 44

The distribution of lysozyme in normal and pathological human gastric and colonic mucosa was studied by light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical techniques and compared with histological and histochemical features. Lysozyme was localized in pyloric glandular epithelial cells, mucous neck cells of fundic glands, Paneth cells and some crypt cells of the mature colonic mucosa. In addition, lysozyme was detected in a large spectrum of "immature" or "regenerative" epithelium: neck cells of the gastric regenerative zone, undifferentiated columnar cells of surface and hyperplastic interfoveolar crests of the stomach, regenerative cells in a healed gastric ulcer, some goblet cells in incomplete intestinal metaplasia, cells of the regenerative zone at the bottom of colonic crypts and, finally, fetal intestinal epithelium. Electron microscopically, we localized lysozyme in the central core of mucous granules in the pyloric gastric glandular epithelium and in the dense mucous granules in gastric mucous neck cells. Lysozyme was also detected in some immature mucin-producing cells of the gastric regenerative zone and in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of surface hyperplastic columnar gastric cells. At the electron microscopic level, a peculiar correlation between the immunopattern of lysozyme and the morphology of mucous granules has been postulated. All our data support and extend the view that the presence of lysozyme may be related to cell immaturity as well as to a regenerative state of the cell. Finally, the lysozyme distribution and its relation to mucosubstances in gastric and colonic carcinoma suggest that lysozyme should not be considered an exclusive marker of cells of gastric derivation.
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PMID:Lysozyme localization in normal and diseased human gastric and colonic mucosa. A correlative histochemical, immunohistochemical and immunoelectron microscopic investigation. 164 44

A comparative study was undertaken among mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, acinic cell carcinoma and normal salivary glands using lectin affinity histochemical method. It was found that the positive rate was highest in mucoepidermoid carcinoma (P less than 0.05); Among the 4 kinds of lectins used PNA and UEA had different distributions and contents in cancer and control groups (P less than 0.05). The mucoid substances in the cancer tissue were mixed mucin, similar to those in the normal salivary gland. However, there was more mixed mucin in the former than in the latter. This method is useful in diagnosis of salivary gland carcinoma. The relation of glucoprotein content on the cancer cell surface and carcinogenesis is discussed.
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PMID:[Preliminary study on lectin affinity histochemistry for diagnosis and histogenesis of salivary gland carcinoma]. 165 18

The mucin alterations associated with the progress of cellular atypia of the colorectal mucosa were investigated by light and electron microscopy using lectin-histochemical technique with DBA and PNA. The samples showing positive staining in the more than one-third areas of the colonic epithelial mucosa were scored as positive reaction. The DBA positive reaction was found 100%, 95.8% and 45.7% in the normal mucosa, adenoma and carcinoma, respectively. On the other hand, the PNA positive cases increased with the grade of malignancy; 18.2%, 58.5% and 97.1% respectively. The DBA binding sites were found in the mucin of the goblet cells of the normal and adenomatous epithelia. The PNA positive sites were localized in the supranuclear portion of the normal mucosa and adenoma while in the epithelia of the carcinoma the PNA positive areas were found in the intraglandular substance and cell apex. With the electron microscopy the PNA binding sites were detected in the cis cistern of Golgi apparatus in the normal and adenomatous epithelia and in the apical membrane in the epithelia of the carcinoma. It is suggested that the PNA binding activity is a useful marker to detect the adenomas with the high risk of malignant transformation.
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PMID:[A study of binding sites of lectins in colorectal adenomas and carcinomas: the optical and electron microscopical findings]. 165 99

The signet-ring cell colorectal carcinoma is very uncommon. During the period 1985-89, we have diagnosed two cases among 1,135 adenocarcinomata located in the same place. They are the two first cases described in Spain, according to a computerized bibliographic search. We have to point up as clinical features of the tumor, the occurrence of its first signs in advanced stages of the disease and the small survival of the patients suffering from this tumor. Its great content of mucin facilitates the thromboembolic disease which was the first sign and the cause of legth in one of our patients. This type of tumor has worse prognosis than the usual colorectal carcinomata, including the mucinous one, and it is similar to the one of the poorly differentiated carcinoma.
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PMID:[Signet-ring cell colorectal carcinoma. Study of 2 cases]. 131 36

Morphologic and histochemical analysis was performed on 33 carcinomas with mucin-secreting areas that were identified among 100 carcinomas from radical prostatectomy specimens. The most common mucin-secreting pattern was Gleason grade 3, which usually showed distinctive luminal distention. The "colloid carcinoma" pattern with mucinous lakes was the only histologic pattern that was unique to mucinous areas. Its frequent association with cribriform Gleason grade 4 carcinoma suggests that it is a variant of grade 4 cancer, whose deviant appearance is a consequence of mucus hypersecretion. Collagenous stromal micronodules, found in 13 cases, are a previously undescribed and distinctive pattern thought to be a stromal reaction to contact with acidic extraluminal mucin. In grade 3 carcinoma, glands that secreted into the stroma rather than the gland lumen accounted for the stromal mucin, which appeared to lead to micronodule formation. In the grade 4 "colloid cancer" pattern, collagenous micronodules sometimes completely obliterated mucinous lakes, isolating residual cribriform glands in a "pseudo-grade 3" pattern. Lectin histochemical staining showed similar sialated and/or sulfated acidic mucin in all cases. Immunohistochemical staining showed downregulation of several differentiation antigens accompanying the alteration to mucinous differentiation.
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PMID:Mucinous differentiation in prostatic adenocarcinoma. 166 88

P-glycoprotein mediates classic multidrug resistance by functioning as an efflux pump that excretes lipophilic chemotherapeutic drugs from cancer cells. We now report an association of P-glycoprotein in colon carcinomas with another tumor property, i.e., enhancement of local tumor aggressiveness. P-glycoprotein was detected with monoclonal antibody immunohistochemistry in 65 of 95 primary colon adenocarcinomas, which were stage B1 or greater. In all but 1 of the 95 cases, solitary invading carcinoma cells were present at the leading edge of the tumor. This subpopulation of invasive carcinoma cells expressed P-glycoprotein (P-Gp+) in 47 of the 95 surgically resected colon specimens. Cases were grouped on the basis of the presence (Group 1, 47 cases) or absence (Group 2, 48 cases) of P-Gp+ invasive carcinoma cells. There was a significantly greater incidence of vessel invasion (P less than 0.001) and lymph node metastases (P less than 0.01) in Group 1 cases. Groups 1 and 2 did not differ with respect to tumor size, depth of invasion of the bowel wall, histological grade, maximum tumor size, mitotic index, mucin production, or presence of perineural invasion (P greater than 0.1). Our findings indicate that P-Gp+ invasive colon cancer cells may have an increased potential for dissemination, suggesting that P-glycoprotein may influence cell behavior.
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PMID:Relationship of the expression of the multidrug resistance gene product (P-glycoprotein) in human colon carcinoma to local tumor aggressiveness and lymph node metastasis. 167 39


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