Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A greater than expected incidence of adenocaricinoma of the uterine cervix is reported. Among 41 cases of cervical carcinoma, 14 (34%) were adenocarcinoma. Clinicopathologic data for these cases are summarized. Eleven of the 14 cases were pure adenocarcinomas; 3 were mixed adenosquamous carcinoma. The value of cytopathology is demonstrated in the 7 of 9 pretreatment cervical cytologies whereby adenocarcinoma was indicated (an accuracy rate of 78%). The other 2 revealed abnormal cells in which malignancy was a possibility. Three cases clinically were initially considered endometrial adenocarcinoma, but by our classification criteria, including Alcian blue staining for cervical mucin content of acid mucopolysaccharide, they were more specifically identified as primary endocervical in origin.
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PMID:Increased incidence of adenocarcinoma of uterine cervix. 4 15

An antigen has been isolated from a human signet-ring cell carcinoma serially growing in hamsters, GW-39, by saline, PCA, or phenol extraction, and has been found immunologically identical to a similarly extracted substance in normal human or hamster colon. No other hamster or human tissues or cells were found to contain this antigen, for which reason we have termed it colon-specific antigen, or CSA. CSA has been found to be distinct from the major blood group-specific antigens and from othercolon tumor-associated antigens, such as CEA, CCA-II, and CCA-III. It thus seems that a colon organ-specific antigen can be synthesized by this particular human tumor system. Hamsters immunized with CSA could reject cheek pouch grafts of GW-39 tumors, and tumor rejection by these animals correlated with their anti-CSA antibody titers. Preliminary characterization of CSA suggested that it is a glycoprotein on the cell surface having a molecular size of 30,000 to 50,000 daltons. It is proposed that CSA may play a role in the diagnosis of mucin-producing adenocarcinoma of the colon and in ulcerative colitis.
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PMID:Identification of a colon-specific antigen (CSA) in normal and neoplastic tissues. 4 58

The polysaccharide composition of the human gallbladder well was studied in carcinomas and metaplastic changes of various degrees, and the results obtained were compared with those for the normal material previously presented (Terho, T., and Laitio, M. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 338: 135, 1974). Elevated amounts of acid connective tissue polysaccharides (heparitin and dermatan sulfates as well as chondroitin 4- or 6-sulfate, or both, could be observed in carinomas. In histochemical stainings it was found that in carcinomas and in the two specimens classified as group III (containing the most extensive metaplastic changes at disposal), the intracellular mucin was mainly neutral or nonsulfated acidic. The amounts of sulfated mucin were relatively insignificant. This mucin polysaccharide material was isolated and its composition was determined. It was observed to be large polysaccharide material was isolated and its composition was determined. It was observed to be large molecular (approximate molecular sizes 1 to 2 times 10-6), and to be composed of fucose, galactose, glucosamine, and galactosamine as well as small amounts of sialic acid. The basic structure of these polysaccharides is thus similar to that of normal sulfated mucin. The almost total absence of acid groups, however, causes the polysaccharide material in question to stain in a manner identical with neutral mucin when investigated with histochemical methods. The carcinomas also contained some sulfomucin; its proportion, however, was small as compared with the amounts of nonsulfated acid and neutral mucin in biochemical characterization. A small molecular polysaccharide fraction, assumed to originate in membrane-bound glycoproteins, was isolated from the insoluble gallbladder tissue residue. The proportion of this fraction was larger in carcinomas than in normal material. This rise as well as the rise in the quantity of acid connective tissue polysaccharides is presumably due to the large number of cells in the carcinoma tissue as well as to fibrosis.
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PMID:Polysaccharides of metaplastic mucosa and carcinoma of the gallbladder. 4 29

The distribution of mucosubstances in adenoid cystic carcinoma was investigated, and an attempt was made to characterize histochemically the various mucosubstances present. For these purposes the high iron diamine technique (HID), as well as the Astra blue, aldehyde fuchsin and Alcian blue staining methods were employed. Alcian blue was further combined with the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) technique, the Alcian blue being applied at pH levels between 0.5 and 2.5. In addition the effect of neuraminidase and hyaluronidase treatment as well as methylation and acid hydrolysis procedures on the staining qualities were studied. Acidic mucosubstances with varying histochemical properties were present in different structures of the neoplasm. The characteristic pseudocyst, a major structural component of the neoplasm, stained strongly with HID, Astra blue, aldehyde fuchsin and Alcian blue at low pH. These staining reactions were markedly suppressed by hyaluronidase treatment, and are apparently attributable to the presence of chondroitin 4- and/or 6-sulfate. Employing the Alcian blue-critical electrolyte concentration technique, the basophilia of the pseudocysts was suppressed at a concentration of 0.5-0.6 M MgCl2, which might indicate polysaccharides of relatively low degree of sulfation. An additional, non-sulfated acid mucin could also be demonstrated in these structures. In certain duct and gland like structures of the tumours, a change in staining pattern from blue or blue-red to red could be observed after exposure of the sections to neuraminidase and subsequent staining with the Alcian blue (pH 2.5)-PAS sequence. Similar observations were also made when the pH of the Alcian blue was lowered to 1.5-1.0, as well as after acid hydrolysis. These findings afford evidence for the presence of a neuraminidase susceptive sialomucin in certain epithelial secretions of the tumor. At the ultrastructural level the replicated basement lamina of the pseudocysts displayed a strong positive reaction with the PA-CrA-silver staining technique. Furthermore, amorphous material within the lumina of small duct like structures also displayed a positive reaction. The amorphous material of the cystic compartments was less reactive.
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PMID:Distribution of mucosubstances in adenoid cystic carcinoma. 7 83

Despite many similarities to colorectal cancer in adults, the rare childhood form has some peculiarities. Childhood mortality is greater among Negroes than Caucasians, particularly in boys, reflecting the rising incidence of this tumor in the young Negro population. In addition, the percentage of childhood cases with precancerous diseases (polyposis, colitis) appears greater than in adults. Most striking is the high percentage of mucin-producing tumors in young people with colorectal cancer. The mucoid tumors tend to occur after the age of 10 years, whereas younger children are more likely to develop non-mucoid carcinoma in an adenomatous polyp.
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PMID:Colorectal cancer in children: epidemiologic aspects. 16 47

The study of histological sections of 406 cases of nonendocrine pancreas carcinoma at Memorial Hospital indicated that morphological patterns of pancreas carcinoma could be delineated as follows: duct cell adenocarcinoma (76%), giant-cell carcinoma (5%), microadenocarcinoma (4%), adenosquamous cancinoma (4%), mucinous adenocarcinoma (2%), anaplastic carcinoma (2%), cystadenocarcinoma (1%), acinar cell carcinoma (1%), carcinoma in childhood (under 1%), unclassified (7%). In 195 cases of patients with pancreas carcinoma, search was made for changes in the pancreas duct epithelium and these were compared to duct epithelium in a control group of 100 pancreases from autopsies of patients with nonpancreatic cancer. The following incidences were found for pancreas cancer and nonpancreatic cancer, respectively: mucous cell hypertrophy, 39 versus 28%; pyloric gland metaplasia, 28 and 17%; epidermoid metaplasia, 6 and 12%; papillary hyperplasia, 42 and 12%; atypical duct hyperplasia, 14% and none; cancinoma in situ in 19% and none in the control group. Mucin in the majority of pancreas cancers suggested that the cell type of origin of the common pancreas cancer is the mucin-producing duct epithelium. The association of atypias and carcinomas in situ in the patients with pancreas carcinoma implies, by analogy to other organs, that there may be a significant latent period between the appearance of carcinoma in situ and the grossly recognizable pancreas cancer.
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PMID:Morphological patterns of primary nonendocrine human pancreas carcinoma. 16 49

Ultrastructural features were correlated with a series of special staining reactions in eight cases of bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma. Ultrastructural, all tumors were similarly composed of large cells with abundant cytoplasm and small nuclei in close contact with each other. Straight membranes or complex interdigitations occurred within adjacent tumor cells, attached to each other by scattered desmosomes. Microvilli or cilia abutted from free surfaces of the cells, and were noted in different stages of evolution. Numerous organelles were seen in the cytoplasm, including prominent mitochondria and single or coalescent secretory vacuoles with granular matrix resembling mucin. Other cytosomes less commonly found were irregular, partially lamellated inclusions and dark, homogeneous structures without limiting membranes. The stroma of the tumors was rich in elastin and collagen. Both the number of secretory vacuoles in the cytoplasm of tumor cells and the amount of connective tissue fibrils in the stroma of the tumors correlated well with the findings in the series of special staining reactions. No definite ultrastructural feature was present to identify the tumors as orginating from Type II alveolar epithelial cells, but the possibility exists that they arose in the bronchiole, from undifferentiated basal cells or mucinous cells per se. Our impression in these eight cases studied is consistent with the view that bronchiolo-alveolar carcinomas are indistinguishable at the ultrastructural level from other bronchogenic adenocarcinomas.
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PMID:Ultrastructure of human bronchiolo-alveolar cell carcinoma. 16 87

There is currently much speculation over the precise nature of lobular carcinoma in-situ of the breast and its significance. Histochemical study shows that it is rich in sialomucin. This has a characteristic intracellular distribution which distinghishes lobular carcinoma in-situ from cancerization of lobules. The same histochemical features are seen in the infiltrative phase of the tumour. These findings invalidate the concept that it is a myoepithelial-cell tumour. Practical applications of the distinctive pattern of mucin secretion are discussed.
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PMID:Lobular carcinoma of the breast: a special variant of mucin-secreting carcinoma. 17 Mar 20

Three cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma have been identified in a 10-year review of 2686 cases of breast carcinoma. The criteria necessary for diagnosis have been reviewed with particular reference to cribriform intraduct carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the breast with small, dark, 'basaloid'-cell pattern. The most important single diagnostic criterion of adenoid cystic carcinoma is a biphasic cellular pattern which may be aded by the demonstration of two types of mucin stromal acid mucopolysaccharide and ductal neutral mucopolysaccharide. This tumour most frequently presents as a painful or tender mass near the areola, and it carries a uniquely favourable prognosis when compared with similar tumours elsewhere in the body. Actomyosin has been demonstrated in all three tumours by an immunofluorescent method, and this supports a predominantly myoepithelial origin.
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PMID:Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast: prevalence, diagnostic criteria, and histogenesis. 17 Dec 85

Six cases of primary lung cancer that closely mimic malignant pleural mesothelioma clinically and anatomically are compared with four proven cases of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Findings on roentgenograms of the chest, clinical history, and gross examination of the lung specimens are not helpful in distinguishing between these two neoplasms. Microscopic examination of the hematoxylin and eosin-stained tissues is often inconclusive. Tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, PAS with and without diastase treatment (DPAS), mucicarmine, alcian blue, toluidine blue, and colloidal iron with and without digestion by testicular hyaluronidase. Among these histochemical methods, DPAS was found to be particularly useful in distinguishing the primary lung cancers from the mesotheliomas. All primary lung cancers except one showed DPAS-positive material (mucin) in both the cytoplasm of the cancer cells and within the lumina of neoplastic glands. In contrast, none of the mesotheliomas showed the presence of DPAS-positive material. Histologically, all lung cancers were glandular. Five were classified as bronchiolar carcinoma, the remaining one as poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. In two of the bronchiolar carcinomas, a small subpleural primary focus was demonstrated. This finding suggests a possible origin of these cancers as a small subpleural tumor that became widely disseminated via the subpleural lymphatics. This form of primary lung cancer possesses sufficient gross and microscopic characteristics that recognition should be given to it as a variant of primary lung cancer, with emphasis on differentiating it from pleural mesothelioma.
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PMID:Pseudomesotheliomatous carcinoma of the lung. A variant of peripheral lung cancer. 17 52


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