Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Antibodies to assess the proliferative index of tumours are being increasingly employed together with established markers for prognostic evaluation. This study set out to compare three cell proliferation markers, Ki-67, MIB-1 and PCNA, utilizing a semi-quantitative method of assessment, in 20 human prostatic carcinomas. The streptavidin-biotin immunostaining system was used for the monoclonal antibodies MIB-1 and PCNA and an indirect immunoperoxidase assay for the monoclonal antibody Ki-67. Significant correlations were found between the expression of Ki-67 in frozen tissues and MIB-1 in formal saline-fixed wax-embedded tissues (p = 0.0003); between Ki-67 and PCNA expression in Bouin's-fixed tissues (p < or = 0.0001); and MIB-1 (formalin-saline-fixed tissues) and PCNA (Bouin's-fixed tissues) (p < or = 0.0001). A more intense nuclear staining pattern with less heterogeneity was observed for MIB-1 compared with PCNA, suggesting the antibody of choice, on formal saline-fixed tissues, is MIB-1, which closely correlated with Ki-67, a marker we have previously shown to be of prognostic value in prostatic carcinoma.
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PMID:Cell proliferation in prostatic carcinoma: comparative analysis of Ki-67, MIB-1 and PCNA. 779 24

Histological, immunohistochemical, and flow cytometric characteristics of three unusual parotid gland tumors are described. The patients were adult white men with carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, true malignant mixed tumor, and primary parotid gland chondrosarcoma. The carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma showed evidence of simultaneous epithelial, myoepithelial, and mesenchymal differentiation by immunohistochemistry. The true malignant mixed tumor exhibited variable positivity for two keratins, vimentin, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, Ki67, and p53. The chondrosarcoma initially stained for vimentin, S100, muscle-specific actin, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and Ki67, but it lost actin expression in its first recurrence, accompanied by more extensive Ki67 staining. DNA ploidy varied from diploid to aneuploid with intratumoral variation in the carcinosarcoma. S-phase fractions ranged from 2.43% to 13.9%. The findings underscore the diversity of tumors that may be pathogenetically related to, and at times derived from, pleomorphic adenoma.
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PMID:Unusual mesenchymal and mixed tumors of the salivary gland. An immunohistochemical and flow cytometric analysis of three cases. 780 57

The expression of sialyl Tn (STn) antigen in 180 patients with Borrmann type IV gastric carcinomas was examined immunohistochemically. The rate of positive STn staining was 32% (57/180) for the primary tumours, and this positive staining correlated well with tumour extension, lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05) and peritoneal dissemination (P < 0.01). One-third (5/15) of patients with positive STn-staining cancer cells had a high level of serum STn. Lesions with positive STn staining were related to a lower survival rate for the patients (P < 0.05). Proliferative activity of the tumour, as measured by proliferating nuclear antigen (PCNA) labelling percentage and argyrophilic nucleolar organiser region (AgNOR) count, was significantly higher (41.5 +/- 13.0%, 3.78 +/- 0.98) in the STn-positive group than in the STn-negative group (34.2 +/- 13.2%, 3.48 +/- 0.85) (P < 0.01, P < 0.05 respectively). Estimating STn antigen may be useful for predicting the likelihood of lymph node metastasis or peritoneal dissemination and the clinical prognosis for patients with Borrmann type IV gastric carcinoma.
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PMID:Correlation between sialyl Tn antigen and lymphatic metastasis in patients with Borrmann type IV gastric carcinoma. 781 38

Immunohistochemical techniques for the detection of oncogene products and the assessment of cell kinetics can represent promising investigational tools in clinical oncology. In the present paper the immunohistochemical expression of p185, p21 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was retrospectively assessed in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples taken from 28 primary ovarian carcinomas at first surgery. Positive immunostaining for p185 was found in 0% of 6 Stage I and 23% of 22 Stage III-IV tumors. Positive immunostaining for p21 was observed in 0% of early and 41% of advanced carcinomas; this immunohistochemical finding correlated significantly with histologic grade (G3 vs G1-2 = 47% vs 9%, p = 0.042). Elevated PCNA immunoreactivity was detected in 33% of Stage I and 50% of Stage III-IV tumors. Among the 20 patients with advanced carcinoma who underwent cisplatin or carboplatin based chemotherapy followed by second-look laparotomy, the pathologic complete response (pCR) rate was 36% for patients with low PCNA expression and 0% for those with elevated PCNA expression. A tendency towards a higher pCR rate was also found for patients with negative immunostaining for p185 or for p21. The prognostic value of the immunohistochemical detection of p185, p21, and PCNA in ovarian carcinoma deserves to be further investigated.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical detection of p185 product, p21 product, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from ovarian carcinomas. Preliminary data. 782 5

Polypoid carcinoma of the esophagus is rare and little is known about its clinical and histopathologic features. We reviewed 500 surgical cases of esophageal carcinoma and analyzed 12 polypoid carcinomas. Clinical records were reviewed. Histologic examination was done on an average of 68 sections in each tumor. Immunohistochemical examination for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was done in selected sections. No special findings were seen with respect to age, sex, symptoms, or tumor location. The tumors, however, had several interesting features: 1) the main histologic type was squamous cell carcinoma, but other histologic features such as so-called carcinosarcoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and verrucous carcinoma were occasionally seen, 2) bidirectional differentiation to squamous and adenocarcinomatous components was recognized, 3) intraepithelial spreading of the carcinoma was often present, 4) depth of invasion in the wall was often shallow, and 5) the prognosis was relatively good. The PCNA labeling index was well correlated with lymphatic or blood vessel permeation.
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PMID:Polypoid carcinoma of the esophagus. 782 98

To investigate the expression of a marker of cell proliferation (PCNA/Cyclin) and its putative relationship with histological grading, mitotic index and estrogen receptor immunoreactivity, we studied twenty-seven cases of invasive breast carcinoma in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. The PCNA and estrogen receptor were detected by the PC 10 and H 222 monoclonal antibodies respectively, using an avidin-biotin-peroxidase method. The median value of PCNA index was 20.9% with a range from 1.4 to 84.2%. We did not find any significant relationship between PCNA index and the histological grading, mitotic index and estrogen receptor immunoreactivity. We conclude that PCNA detected by the monoclonal antibody PC 10 in formalin-fixed material looks at present unreliable as a proliferation marker in breast carcinoma.
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PMID:The proliferating cell nuclear antigen index in breast carcinomas does not correlate with mitotic index and estrogen receptor immunoreactivity. 783 Nov 55

Using avidin-biotin, immunoperoxidase techniques and antibodies to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PC10), 32 cases of primary basal cell carcinoma (BCC), 10 cases of recurrent BCC and 8 cases of metatypical carcinoma (MTC) of the skin were studied. The majority of cases of primary BCC had low level of cell proliferative activity, whereas high cell proliferative index was found only in 7 cases. Recurrent BCC as well as MTC exhibited high level of cell proliferative index that 3-4 times exceeded the same index of primary BCC. BCC had either uniform or regional distribution of proliferative cells. Tumors with regional distribution of proliferative cells are characterized by a low level of proliferation. The revealed difference in cell proliferation between primary BCC, recurrent BCC and MTC may be valuable criterion for detecting the degree of tumor malignancy.
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PMID:[Proliferative activity of basal cell and metatypical cell carcinoma of the skin]. 784 3

Mutant p53 expressed in many types of carcinoma lacks an inhibitory function on cell growth, but its role has been unclear. We performed two-parameter flow cytometry (FCM) to elucidate the relationship between the expression of p53 and the cell cycle in A431 cells. Fluorescence in situ hybridization proved that an A431 cell had two p53 genes whereas chromosome 17 was tetraploid. FCM showed that A431 cells expressed constantly high levels of p53 during the cell cycle. Under conditions of both serum deprivation and presence of hydroxyurea, p53 expression was decreased throughout the cell cycle, and the bivariate DNA/p53 distribution pattern during the cell cycle did not change. The expression of p53 was reduced to 60% for the first 4 h after the addition of cycloheximide, and showed no significant changes at least for 20 h. Treatment with Triton X-100 increased p53 immunoreactivity throughout the cell cycle. These results indicate that mutant p53 differs from proliferative markers such as PCNA, Ki-67 and DNA polymerase-alpha, and that there are no links between the expression of p53 and the cell cycle in A431 cells.
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PMID:Flow cytometric analysis of p53 expression during the cell cycle. 785 71

To examine the malignant potential of submucosal invasive colorectal carcinoma, the relationship between proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression and clinicopathologic risk factors for lymph node metastasis was studied in 149 patients with submucosal invasive colorectal carcinoma. The depth of submucosal invasion was classified as scanty or massive. Histologic subclassification at the submucosal deepest invasive portion was done as follows: well differentiated (W), moderately well differentiated (Mw), moderately poorly differentiated (Mp) or poorly differentiated (Por). Tumor growth was divided into polypoid growth and nonpolypoid growth. The PCNA expression (labeling index, LI) was examined at the submucosal deepest invasive portion. The PCNA-LI of tumors showing lymph node metastasis (mean, 56.5 +/- 19.0%) was significantly higher than that of tumors without lymph node metastasis (mean, 41.5 +/- 19.3%; p < 0.01). The PCNA-LI of Mp tumors (mean, 57.7 +/- 16.5%) was significantly higher than that of W (mean, 38.5 +/- 19.0%; p < 0.05) and Mw (mean, 43.7 +/- 19.1%; p < 0.05) tumors. The PCNA-LI of tumors without adenomatous features (mean, 47.9 +/- 20.5%) was significantly higher than that of tumors with such features (mean, 37.1 +/- 17.1%; p < 0.05). The PCNA-LI was not correlated with other risk factors for lymph node metastasis, such as lymphatic invasion, depth of submucosal invasion, macroscopic type, and growth pattern. These results indicate that the PCNA-LI may be useful marker for predicting the potential metastases to lymph nodes in submucosal invasive colorectal carcinoma, while the proliferative activity of cancer cells correlates with the degree of the differentiation in the area of deepest invasion.
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PMID:Proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression correlates with the metastatic potential of submucosal invasive colorectal carcinoma. 785 73

Prostatic carcinomas vary in their biological potential, even when stratified by grade and stage. Measurement of cellular proliferation by various methods has been shown to correlate with outcome for several human cancers, including prostatic carcinoma. Uptake of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd), a thymidine analogue, has been accepted as a measure of cellular proliferative rate. However, the technique is somewhat complex, requiring incubation with fresh tissue. We compared cellular proliferation as measured by BrdUrd uptake with two more simple immunohistochemical methods in 44 prostatic adenocarcinoma specimens and correlated the results with standard clinical parameters. The tissue was obtained via needle biopsy, channel transurethral resection, and radical prostatectomy. Specimens were incubated in vitro with BrdUrd and then fixed and paraffin embedded. Sections were immunohistochemically stained with antibodies to BrdUrd, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and Ki-67. At least 1,000 cells were scored, and a labeling index (LI) was calculated (number of positive cells/total number of cells). The mean LI determined by all three indices was low (BrdUrd = 3.0, PCNA = 7.0, Ki-67 = 3.4), consistent with the knowledge that prostatic tumors grow slowly. In 36 patients who had not been treated at the time of analysis, the LI as determined by all three methods correlated well with clinical stage and pathological grade. Furthermore, the LIs discriminated between those with tumor confined to the prostate and those with extension to the seminal vesicles, lymph nodes, or bone (P = 0.003, 0.004, 0.008 for BrdUrd, PCNA, and Ki-67, respectively). The LIs for PCNA and Ki-67 correlated well with that for BrdUrd (r = 0.84; r = 0.85), while the LIs for Ki-67 and PCNA correlated slightly less well with each other (r = 0.78). PCNA and Ki-67 expression appear to reflect essentially the same biological process as BrdUrd uptake. Either can substitute for BrdUrd as a measure of cellular proliferation, and Ki-67 seems to offer the fewest technical problems.
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PMID:Cellular proliferation in prostatic adenocarcinoma as assessed by bromodeoxyuridine uptake and Ki-67 and PCNA expression. 785 2


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