Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The uptake of L-alanine into BHK21-C13 cells in culture has been studied. This amino acid appears to be transported essentially via a relatively low affinity, high capacity, sodium ion dependent transport system. Inhibition studies using other amino acids or their analogues provided information about the specificity of this system. This alanine transport system was shown to exhibit a broad substrate specificity and appeared to be capable of transporting most naturally occurring neutral alpha-amino acids. Kinetic studies of the inhibition of L-alanine uptake also indicated the presence of a second neutral amino acid transport system capable of transporting this amino acid. However, it is unlikely that this second uptake system contributes greatly to L-alanine uptake. Inhibition of the uptake of L-leucine indicated that this transport system has a similar specificity to the "L"-system initially described for Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells.
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PMID:The transport of L-alanine by the hamster kidney cell line BHK-21-C13. 2 84

39 patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix who were treated with radium and required repeated general anaesthetics were randomised to halothane and control groups. Their serum-alanine-aminotransferase (S.G.P.T.) levels were measured before each general anaesthetic, and those patients whose S.G.P.T. levels rose above 100 I.U. per litre were freed from the restriction determined by the initial allocation and treated as indicated clinically. None of the 21 patients in the control group had S.G.P.T. levels rising above 100 I.U. per litre. 4 out of 18 patients in the halothane group developed S.G.P.T. levels above 100 i.u. per litre before their third radium treatment. None of these had any symptoms or alteration in other liver-function tests, but liver biopsies in 2 of these patients showed changes characteristic of Hepatitis. Arbitrary selection of 18 out of the 39 patients would only give rise to the degree of abnormality observed in the halothane-treated group with a probability of about 0-02. In the patients studied who required repeated general anaesthetics at short time intervals, the monitoring of S.G.P.T. levels before each operation was useful screen for liver damage and may have reduced postoperative hepatic necrosis by preventing further anaesthetics with halothane when the liver was already damaged.
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PMID:Controlled trial of repeated halothane anaesthetics in patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix treated with radium. 4 54

The metabolism of human kidney carcinoma was studied during hypothermic perfusion. Ten kidneys with carcinomas of different size were perfused in a Gambro perfusion machine for 6 days at +8 degrees C to +10 degrees C. The tumourous kidneys were allocated to one of two groups depending on the relative size of the tumour. Tumours occupying more than 40% of the total kidney volume were designated as "large tumours" and tumours occupying less than 40% as "small tumours". The net glucose uptake was greater during perfusion of kidneys with large tumours than during perfusion of kidneys with small tumours. A lower gluconeogenesis was found in kidneys with large tumours compared to perfusion of kidneys with small tumours and this could explain a large part of the difference in net glucse uptake. The uptake of fatty acids per unit kidney weight was lower during perfusion of kidneys with large tumours. A considerable uptake and release of amino acids were found in both groups. The uptake of proline, aspartate, glycine, and arginine as well as the release of alanine and serine was lower during perfusion of kidneys with large tumours. The nitrogen balance was negative in both groups, with a net release of amino acids to the perfusate. The results suggest a higher glucose uptake, a lower gluconeogenesis, a lower fatty acid uptake and a decreased metabolization of amino acids in the tumour compared to the renal tissue. The model appears promising for studies of human kidney carcinomas at various experimental conditions.
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PMID:Metabolism in hypothermically perfused human kidney carcinoma: utilization and production of amino acids and glucose. 52 59

Cells separated by enzyme treatment of the R3230AC mammary carcinoma were used to characterize the entry of proline. These cells showed minimal changes in cell viability and intracellular volume and were found to be suitable for transport studies, since the vi of proline was maintained for at least 4 h when cells were stored at 37 or 4 degrees C, or when transport was measured in the presence or absence of Na+. Proline was acitvely transported by these tumor cells, reaching a distribution ratio ([proline] intracellular/[proline] extracellular) of 20 after 2 h. Proline entry consisted of two processes, one saturable (carrier mediated) and the other, non-saturable. The carrier-mediated entry, Km - 0.83 mM and V = 151.10(-5) mumol/min per 5.10(6) cells, was Na+-dependent, sensitive to pH and metabolic inhibitors, and completely inhibited by alpha-(methylamino)-isobutyric acid (Ki = 0.34 mM). Proline entry in the absence of Na+ was 20% that in the presence of Na+ and was found to be due to a non-saturable process, since (a) vi of proline uptake in the absence of Na+ increases linearly with increasing proline concentration and (b) was not suppressed by either 20 mM alpha-(methyl-amino)-isobutyric acid, 50 mM glycine +20 mM phenylalanine, or 50 mM serine +20 mM phenylalanine when proline uptake was measured in the presence or absence of Na+. Therefore, under the conditions studied, we conclude that proline transport appears to be restricted to the A (alanine-preferring) system. Furthermore, these cells should provide a suitable model to study the effect of hormonal manipulations on the amino acid transport process.
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PMID:Characteristics of proline transport into R3230AC mammary tumor cells. 63 48

A case of lactic acidosis associated with the administration of hypertonic glucose to a patient with a bulky undifferentiated carcinoma is presented. Characteristic alterations in amino acid concentrations were observed during the period of lactic acidosis. Resolution of the metabolic abnormalities were seen with discontinuation of glucose infusion. Short-term glucose infusion in a 90 minute iv glucose tolerance test resulted in an increase in serum lactate and appropriate changes in serine, ornithine, taurine, alanine, and arginine despite normal hormonal responsiveness.
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PMID:Iatrogenic lactic acidosis: association with hypertonic glucose administration in a patient with cancer. 67 65

Cysteine proteinases (CP) belong to the subclass of endopeptidase, and have been considered to play an important role in spreading cancer cells. Cysteine proteinases in urine (UCP) were determined in 71 healthy women, 76 patients with gynecological benign tumors and 125 cases (173 samples) with gynecological malignant tumors. Enzyme levels were assayed using the artificial substrate CSZ-Ala-Arg-AFC by detecting the release of free AFC with the aid of a fluorometer. The value ranged from upper 80% to 99% of UCP in 71 normal women and was calculated with the percentile method. The results showed that ROC curve displayed a highly sensitive character. The sensitivity and specificity for gynecological malignant tumor were 91.8%, and 71.7% respectively. The sensitivities of UCP for ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, carcinoma of endometrium and cancer of vulva were 96%, 91%, 85.7% and 72.7% respectively. Due to its high sensitivity. It was suggested that UCP assay can be a good screening test to distinguish gynecological malignancy from benign tumors. The accuracy of diagnosing gynecological malignancy may be improved if UCP assay is combined with other tests with higher specificity.
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PMID:[Assay of urine cysteine proteinase in diagnosing gynecological malignant tumors]. 129 87

Cell lines derived from human small cell carcinoma of the lung express high levels of a surface polypeptide termed the cluster-w4 antigen, which was previously identified as a potential target for toxin-based immunotherapy of lung cancer. We have cloned a complementary DNA encoding the cluster-w4 antigen from COS-1 fibroblasts transfected with a SW2 small cell carcinoma library, by panning with a mixture of the cluster-w4-specific monoclonal antibodies SWA11, SWA21, and SWA22. The sequence of the cluster-w4 complementary DNA encodes an unusually short (80-amino acid) protein identical to that recently reported for the leukocyte activation molecule CD24 except for a single valine-alanine substitution due to a single-base polymorphism within the region of the gene coding for the extracellular domain. Biochemical analyses of the cloned cluster-w4 antigen confirmed both the presence of the phosphatidylinositol tail and the extensive glycosylation reported for the CD24 molecule. Furthermore, the cloned cluster-w4 antigen expressed on COS cells was shown to react with a comprehensive panel of CD24-specific monoclonal antibodies, as assessed by indirect immunofluorescence staining. Northern blot hybridization indicated the presence of several transcript sizes for the cluster-w4 antigen that were greatly overexpressed in small cell carcinoma cell lines, compared with normal hemopoietic cells and CD24-positive cell lines. Southern blot hybridization of restriction digests of genomic DNA identified a complex pattern of bands consistent with either a complex gene structure containing many exons or the presence of a family of closely related genes.
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PMID:CD24, a signal-transducing molecule expressed on human B cells, is a major surface antigen on small cell lung carcinomas. 132 4

The relative contribution of de-novo and salvage synthesis to tissue pyrimidine nucleotide pools is an important parameter in the rational design of anti-pyrimidine therapies, but has not been measured in vivo. We have measured the contribution of de-novo synthesis to the total acid-soluble uracil nucleotide pool in mouse tissues by analysis of the incorporation of label after intra-peritoneal infusion of L-[15N]alanine. The contribution of salvage synthesis was measured by the incorporation of radiolabel after intravenous infusion of [14C]uridine. The results show that de-novo synthesis makes the larger contribution to the intestine uracil nucleotide pool, salvage synthesis makes the larger contribution to the kidney pool, and de-novo and salvage synthesis make roughly equal contributions to the liver pool. In tumors studied (L1210, P388, B16, Nettesheim), the contribution of de-novo synthesis was at least five times the contribution of salvage synthesis. The measurements were repeated 24 hours after a 400-mg/kg dose of N-phosphonacetyl-L-aspartic acid. De-novo synthesis was substantially inhibited in all tissues and tumors after this treatment, although significant residual activity was observed in the intestine and L1210 cells. Nettesheim carcinoma was the only tumor or tissue to show a significant increase in salvage synthesis after N-phosphonacetyl-L-aspartic acid treatment.
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PMID:Contribution of de-novo and salvage synthesis to the uracil nucleotide pool in mouse tissues and tumors in vivo. 144 77

The diagnostic values of CA 19-9 and CEA were evaluated in 187 cases (including 31 gastric, 41 colorectal, 12 pancreatic, 7 hepatobiliar and 5 hepatocellular carcinomas). These tumor markers were compared to the other laboratory parameters [hemoglobin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serum bilirubin, ASAT (aspartate amino transferase), ALAT (alanine amino transferase) GGT (gamma glutamil transpeptidase), ALP (alkaline phosphatase)]. The specificity of CA 19-9 was 89.5%, while the sensitivity of this tumor markers was 91.7% in pancreatic carcinoma, 54.8% in gastric carcinoma and 43.9% in colorectal carcinoma. The sensitivity of CEA only in colorectal patients was higher than that of CA 19-9 (specificity 73.9%, sensitivity 64.5%). Although the CA 19-9 and CEA are not known to give any cross-reaction with each other, simultaneous measurement and evaluation of these two tumor antigens did not result in a better diagnostic sensitivity. After undergoing a gastrointestinal carcinoma operation, CA 19-9 indicated the appearance of tumor recidiva with a 62% sensitivity. Calculated together with CEA the sensitivity elevated to 88.9%. In most of the patient with benign cholostasis, the CA 19-9 and CEA values were out of the normal range (53.3% and 36.4% respectively), so these tumor markers are not suitable to differentiate between benign and malign cholostasis. According to the authors, CA 19-9 is the most useful diagnostic tool to differentiate between pancreatic carcinoma and pancreatitis chronica (both group without cholostasis), as well as for monitoring the patients after surgery of a gastrointestinal cancer.
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PMID:[Diagnostic value of CA 19-9 and CEA in gastrointestinal pathology]. 160 81

Immunohistochemical study on the hemidesmosomes of the normal and malignant squamous epithelia of the human oral mucosa was performed using a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 3A1 which recognized specifically the hemidesmosomes. Biochemical characterization of the antigen recognized by this antibody was also investigated. The results and conclusion of this study were as follows: 1) MoAb 3A1 reacted specifically with the hemidesmosomal plaques located on the basement membrane zone of the basal cells of the normal squamous epithelium. 2) In the cases of malignant epithelium, MoAb 3A1 reacted irregularly with the cell membrane at the border of the cell and stroma. The expression of the antigen in the carcinoma cells was found on the hemidesmosomes with abnormal structure. 3) The antigen recognized by MoAb 3A1 extracted from the cultured carcinoma cells was purified by protein A Sepharose affinity chromatography and DEAE ion-exchange HPLC. The purified antigen was a protein associated with hyaluronate having a molecular weight of more than 200 Kd. The molecular weight of the protein itself was found to be 180 Kd. Analysis of the amino acid composition showed this antigen was mainly composed of glycine, serine, alanine, glutamic acid and leucine.
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PMID:[Expression of hemidesmosome-associated antigen and its biochemical properties]. 160 20


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