Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The incidences of childhood cancers in Thailand between 1995 and 1997 were determined from cancer registrations collected at five locations around the kingdom and compared with similar analyses performed at cancer registries in Asia, Europe and the USA. The incidence in Thailand was found to be lower than in some Asian and Western countries. Between 1988-1994 and 1995-1997, the incidence of childhood cancer rose 32.5%. As elsewhere in the world, leukemias, brain tumors and lymphomas comprised two-thirds of all childhood cancers. The age-peak for incidence was between 2 and 5 years, particularly for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Carcinomas were rare. Several features of the cancer pattern correspond to other Asian populations, in particular the low incidence of Hodgkin s disease, Wilms tumor and Ewing s sarcoma. Neuroblastoma was more common than in neighboring Southeast Asian countries.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:Childhood cancer in Thailand: 1995-1997. 1472 93

The aim of the study was to determine the clinical characteristics and management of fallopian tube malignancies together with the results there unto that had been diagnosed and treated in our oncology department retrospectively. Twelve cases of fallopian tube malignancies, of a total of 2155 gynecologic malignancies (0.55%), that had been diagnosed in or referred to our hospital between January 1986 and December 2001 were evaluated retrospectively. Eight of 12 cases were diagnosed after surgical intervention in our department. Staging laparotomies were applied to all of the eight cases. Complementary surgeries of other four cases who were referred to our department were done according to the same principles of cytoreductive surgery. Staging of the cases was done according to Federation of International Gynecologists and Obstetricians (FIGO). Adjuvant chemotherapy was applied to all of the cases except two (10 cases, 83.3%). Second-look laparotomy (SLL) was applied to two of the cases. Mean age of the cases was 54.2 (range 35-72) years. Histopathology of the cases was as follows: serous adenocarcinoma in 10 cases (83.3%), endometrioid adenocarcinoma in one case (8.3%), and undifferentiated carcinoma in one case (8.3%). Adjuvant chemotherapy (PAC regimen to eight of the cases and PP regimen to two cases) was applied to 10 of the cases (83.3%). SLL was applied to two cases. Another case had died because of local recurrence at the 27th month of the follow-up. Mean follow-up period of the cases was 37.8 months (range 1-144 months). Fallopian tube malignancies are very rare malignancies. Diagnosis can be made generally peri- or postoperatively. More extensive clinical research must be performed in order to have definite etiologic, diagnostic, management modalities, and prognostic markers.
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PMID:Fallopian tube malignancies: experience of Social Security Agency Aegean Maternity Hospital. 1530 52

There is a growing body of evidence that the occurrence of neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation in prostate carcinoma correlates with poor prognosis, tumor progression, and androgen-independence. In the present study, the expression of common NE markers, i.e., chromogranin A (ChGA), serotonin (5HT), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and adrenomedullin (AM), was retrospectively examined in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded prostate tissue samples obtained from patients with adenocarcinoma and from patients with nodular hyperplasia of the prostatic gland (NHPG) (33 and 28, respectively). The statistical analysis of the results (tested the equality of matched pairs of observations using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed ranks test) revealed a more prominent expression of ChGA in benign epithelial cells adjacent to adenocarcinomatic lesions (Peri-PAC) than in the adenocarcinoma (PAC) (p = 0.0049). A similar pattern of expression was detected for 5HT (p = 0.000). When comparing the expression of ChGA and 5HT in tissue samples originating in cancer patients with those obtained from NHPG samples, more ChGA and 5HT were expressed in Peri-PAC than in NHPG (p = 0.0004 and 0.002, respectively). The results obtained raise the possibility that adenocarcinoma cells urge some adjacent benign epithelial cells to differentiate into NE cells, which, in turn, may promote tumor growth and invasion.
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PMID:Augmented expression of chromogranin A and serotonin in peri-malignant benign prostate epithelium as compared to adenocarcinoma. 1546 96

In order to obtain the recombinant human PACAP efficiently by intein-mediated single column purification, a gene encoding human PACAP was synthesized and cloned into Escherichia coli expression vector pKYB. The recombinant vector pKY-PAC was transferred into E. coli ER2566 cells and the target protein was over-expressed as a fusion to the N-terminus of a self-cleavable affinity tag. After the PACAP-intein-CBD fusion protein was purified by chitin-affinity chromatography, the self-cleavage activity of the intein was induced by DTT and the rhPACAP was released from the chitin-bound intein tag. The activity of the rhPACAP to stimulate cyclic AMP accumulation was detected using the human pancreas carcinoma cells SW1990. Twenty-two milligrams of rhPACAP with the purity over 98% was obtained by single column purification from 1 liter of induced culture. The preliminary biological assay indicated that the rhPACAP, which has an extra Met at its N-terminus compared with the native human PACAP, had the similar activity of stimulating cAMP accumulation with the standard PACAP38 in the SW1990 cells. A new efficient production procedure of the active recombinant human PACAP was established.
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PMID:Intein-mediated rapid purification of recombinant human pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide. 1551 50

HPV infection is the main cause of cervical cancer; however, factors that promote and maintain HPV infection are still unclear. This study was designed to search for factors responsible for the HPV infection in Northeastern Thai women. A total of 190 volunteers with a normal histopathologic appearance of cervix as controls (n=100) and with squamous cell cervical carcinoma (SCCA) (n=90) were the subjects. Variables of risk factors including sexual behaviors, history of reproduction, history of sexually transmitted diseases and smoking were conducted with self-report and direct interview. Number of sexual partners and smoking history increased the likelihood of high-risk HPV infection. Multiple sexual partners showed significantly higher 3.94-fold risk for HPV infection (95% CI = 1.82-8.82, p-value<0.001). Smoking history of partner increased the risk for HPV infection 3.03-fold (95%CI=1.42-6.58, p-value< 0.002). After OR were adjusted, significant difference was still observed in the number of sexual partners (p-value <0.0001) and smoking history of the partner (p-value<0.005). To decrease the incidence of cervical cancer, we should prevent HPV dissemination and be on the alert for having multiple sexual partners and a partner's smoking habit, which must be included in our public health planning.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:Co-risk factors for HPV infection in Northeastern Thai women with cervical carcinoma. 1554 42

The antibody levels to viral capsid antigen (VCA) and early antigen (EA) of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in 164 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients from Sarawak, East Malaysia were significantly higher than those in 147 sex, age and ethnically matched healthy controls. As diagnostic markers of NPC, IgG/VCA at reciprocal titers > or =160 was the most sensitive (89%, with 98% specificity), while IgA/EA at > or =5 was the most specific (100%) but the least sensitive (75%). The sensitivity and specificity of IgA/VCA at reciprocal titers > or =10 were 84% and 97%. IgA/VCA has an advantage over IgG/VCA despite the slightly lower sensitivity due to its consistently more distinct fluorescence reaction. The sensitivity and specificity can be marginally improved by a combination of two tests.
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 2005 Mar
PMID:Epstein-Barr virus serology in the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. 1599 77

Gefitinib inhibits the ATP-binding site of the tyrosine kinase associated with the epidermal growth factor receptor. It is conceivable that gefitinib may inhibit functions of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters by binding at their ATP-binding sites. The aim of this study is to systematically explore the combined effect of gefitinib and chemotherapeutic agents in gefitinib-insensitive multidrug resistant (MDR) cells that overexpress ABC transporters. MCF7 breast carcinoma cells and CL1 lung adenocarcinoma cells were both insensitive to gefitinib. MDR cancer cells were developed by stepwise escalating concentrations of each chemotherapeutic agent in culture media. Cells that overexpress P-glycoprotein (MCF7/Adr and CL1/Pac), breast cancer-resistant protein (MCF7/TPT and CL1/Tpt), and MDR-associated protein 1 (MCF7/Vp) were used in this study. All resistant mutants were insensitive to gefitinib. Gefitinib (0.3-3 micromol/L) added to culture media had no effect on IC50 values of paclitaxel, topotecan, doxorubicin, or etoposide in wild-type MCF7 or CL1 cells. In contrast, these concentrations of gefitinib caused a dose-dependent reversal of resistance to paclitaxel in CL1/Pac cells, to doxorubicin in MCF7/ADR cells, and to topotecan in CL1/Tpt and MCF7/TPT cells. Gefitinib had no influence on sensitivity to etoposide in MDR-associated protein1 overexpressing MCF7/VP cells. Topotecan efflux was inhibited and accumulation was partially restored in CL1/Tpt and MCF7/TPT cells when cells were incubated simultaneously with gefitinib. Our results suggest that the interaction of gefitinib and chemotherapeutic agents does occur in cells expressing one of these two proteins.
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PMID:Gefitinib reverses chemotherapy resistance in gefitinib-insensitive multidrug resistant cancer cells expressing ATP-binding cassette family protein. 1606 79

Public health experts and medical professionals continue to issue warnings to people about the dangers of ultraviolet (UV) radiation fromthe sun, tanning beds, and sun lamps. Skin cancer is more common than any other type of cancer and exposure to sun is known to contribute to all three major types, namely, basal-cell carcinoma, squamous-cell carcinoma and cutaneous melanoma. While skin cancer has been associated with sunburn, moderate tanning may also exert an influence. Seven steps to safer sunning are avoiding the sun, using a sunscreen, wearing a hat, wearing sunglasses, covering up, avoiding artificial tanning, and checking skin regularly. The present study was performed to examine the knowledge, attitudes, and risk factors of individuals concerning skin cancer. A descriptive survey was conducted among 475 patients randomly selected from the Dermatology Polyclinic of Ege University. A self-administered questionnaire was used to investigate their knowledge about skin cancer. A total of 297 female and 178 male participants were questioned, with a mean age of 32.48 +15.12. Some 36.8% had skin type II and 39.8% type III. The most common hair and eye color were brown, respectively at 56.0% and 58.7%. 79.8% had a mole(s), 19.2% had birthmark. A total of 8 of the 475 participants consulted for sunburns (1.7%). Glasses were the most popular preventive behaviour (28.8%). A total of 56 of the 475 outpatients questioned did not use any protective measure. Individuals need to be better educated on the dangers of the sun and sun protection as well as skin cancer.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:Determination of sunburn and skin cancer risk of outpatients in a dermatology polyclinic. 1610 23

Human papilloma virus (HPV) is a well known risk factor for cancer development in different body sites, involved in the pathogenesis of several intraepithelial lesions and cancers, for example of the upper alimenatry and respiratory tracts and cervix. Urinary bladder carcinoma is a common urological malignancy for which a relationship with human HPV has been indicated, but the results are controversial. Here, the author performed an appraisal of the previous reports on the studies to document correlation between HPV infection, defined as DNA positive, and urinary bladder carcinoma. According to the literature review, 5 reports were recruited for metanalysis, including 239 cases and 52 healthy subjects. The overall HPV DNA positive rates for the patients and healthy control subjects were 25.5 % (61/239) and 11.5 % (6/52), respectively, the odds ratio of 2.6 pointing to potential as a risk factor.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:Urinary bladder carcinoma and human papilloma virus infection, an appraisal of risk. 1610 38

Members of a novel series of pyrrolo-1,5-benzoxazepine (PBOX) compounds have been shown to induce apoptosis in a number of human leukemia cell lines of different haematological lineage, suggesting their potential as anti-cancer agents. In this study, we sought to determine if PBOX-6, a well characterised member of the PBOX series of compounds, is also an effective inhibitor of breast cancer growth. Two estrogen receptor (ER)-positive (MCF-7 and T-47-D) and two ER-negative (MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3) cell lines were examined. The 3,4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to determine reduction in cell viability. PBOX-6 reduced the cell viability of all four cell lines tested, regardless of ER status, with IC(50) values ranging from 1.0 to 2.3 microM. PBOX-6 was most effective in the SK-BR-3 cells, which express high endogenous levels of the HER-2 oncogene. Overexpression of the HER-2 oncogene has been associated with aggressive disease and resistance to chemotherapy. The mechanism of PBOX-6-induced cell death was due to apoptosis, as indicated by the increased proportion of cells in the pre-G1 peak and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. Moreover, intratumoural administration of PBOX-6 (7.5 mg/kg) significantly inhibited tumour growth in vivo in a mouse mammary carcinoma model (p=0.04, n=5, Student's t-test). Thus, PBOX-6 could be a promising anti-cancer agent for both hormone-dependent and -independent breast cancers.
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PMID:The pyrrolo-1,5-benzoxazepine, PBOX-6, inhibits the growth of breast cancer cells in vitro independent of estrogen receptor status and inhibits breast tumour growth in vivo. 1621 9


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