Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Conditions are described which allow to demonstrate estradiol dependency of proliferation in MCF-7 human mammary carcinoma cells in a reproducible manner. Our results concerning the action of Tamoxifen on the growth of MCF-7 cells differ in two aspects from previous reports: (a) The inhibitory effect of pharmacological doses (10(-7) M) is only obvious if the cells are stimulated by estradiol. (b) In the absence of estradiol, Tamoxifen acts as a weak estrogenic agonist, by stimulating the growth of MCF-7 cells. This finding could imply that premenopausal women should not be treated with Tamoxifen after ovariectomy.
 ...
PMID:Hormone dependency and the action of tamoxifen in human mammary carcinoma cells. 712 2

The short-term (6-day) endocrine effects of tamoxifen and testolactone were investigated in men with prostatic carcinoma. Tamoxifen treatment (20 mg/day) did not affect the gonadotropin levels, but it temporarily increased prolactin, induced sex hormone-binding globulin production, and suppressed peripheral serum progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, testosterone, and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone concentrations. These changes were attributed to the estrogenic properties of tamoxifen, since no changes in peripheral serum estradiol concentrations were observed. Testolactone (1000 mg/day) decreased peripheral estradiol concentrations by 50% and increased the concentrations of the neutral steroids measured. The increases in serum FSH and LH were very small. This study corroborates the early estrogen-like action of tamoxifen, and the experiment with testolactone further suggests that endogenous estradiol has physiological functions in man, regulating gonadotropin and androgen production.
 ...
PMID:Rapid endocrine effects of tamoxifen and testolactone in prostatic carcinoma patients. 715 91

Six human endometrial cancers in different clinical stages were xenotransplanted into thymusaplastic nude mice. Estrogen and progesterone receptors in the tumor tissue were determined in each case. Two carcinomas with both estrogen and progesterone receptors showed a better clinical course and grew more slowly in nude mice than the four carcinomas with no receptors at all. Treatment with the antiestrogen Tamoxifen in the carcinoma with positive estrogen receptors showed a significant growth retardation compared with the control group. Estrogen treatment gave accelerated growth, whereas gestagen treatment showed no significant effect. The progesterone receptor content of the receptor-positive tumor tissue might have been too small. None of the four receptor-negative carcinomas showed any influence of tumor growth during endocrine therapy. The results demonstrate the importance of receptor determination as a prognostic sign and, further, allow the endocrine therapy of endometrial carcinomas to be complemented with Tamoxifen in estrogen-receptor-positive tumor tissue.
 ...
PMID:The importance of gestagen, tamoxifen and steroid receptors in the therapy of endometrial cancer. Report of an experiment. 715 10

Forty-six evaluable postmenopausal patients with locally advanced, inoperable T3-T4 breast carcinoma were treated with tamoxifen 10-20 mg twice daily for a period at least 6 weeks. Eight patients (17%) had an objective response at the primary tumor site after 6 weeks of treatment. Improvement of response with a further single tamoxifen therapy was observed in 7 patients, resulting in an overall objective response in 14 of 46 (30%). Median duration of response was 8 months (range 2-24). No response was obtained in the 5 patients with inflammatory signs. Toxicity of treatment was minimal. Medial survival was 10 months (responders 17.5, non-responders 9). Tamoxifen seems to be safe and effective treatment for locally advanced breast cancer without inflammatory signs in postmenopausal women.
 ...
PMID:Tamoxifen therapy in postmenopausal advanced breast cancer: efficacy at the primary tumor site in 46 evaluable patients. 728 Dec 42

We present a case of breast cancer 9 years after subcutaneous mastectomy for bilateral phylloid tumor with silicone implants. The patient had a stage III adenocarcinoma (T4 N1 M0) at diagnosis; a modified radical mastectomy was done, followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Later on, Tamoxifen was prescribed (positive hormone receptors). Reviewing the literature about this subject in a context of a moratorium of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States recommending suspension of silicone breast implantation, we can propose several conclusions: Previous and recent studies did not show any direct relation between cancer and silicone implants for augmentation mammoplasty; on the contrary, a lower incidence of breast cancer is noted. Breast cancer incidence with silicone implants seems to be higher with reconstructive mammoplasty after mastectomy for benign disease (fibrocystic disease, dysplasia, phylloid tumor), or prophylactic reason, or malignancy (carcinoma in situ, lobular and multifocal carcinoma, early breast cancer...). This can be related to recurrence or cancer development on residual breast tissue. Breast cancer with silicone implants is of poorer prognosis because of the later diagnosis of the disease.
 ...
PMID:[Silicone implants and breast cancer: real or fictitious problem? A case report and review of the literature]. 762 35

Tamoxifen has a well established place in the adjuvant therapy of primary carcinoma of the breast. Its effects on breast cancer cells are both anti-oestrogenic and non-oestrogen-receptor mediated. Tamoxifen has oestrogenic effects on non-breast tissues such as liver, bone, the cardiovascular system and the urogenital tract. The effect on the endometrium is to increase the incidence of polyps, hyperplasia and carcinoma. Again, non-oestrogen receptor-mediated actions may be involved. With more widespread use of tamoxifen now being advocated, for instance in the primary prevention of breast cancer, careful assessment of benefit and risk is required.
 ...
PMID:Hormonal manipulation and gynaecological cancer: the tamoxifen dilemma. 774 19

Tamoxifen is the anti-estrogen the most widely used in breast cancer. The duration of its prescription, as adjuvant treatment, tends to increase (5 years, and even more) and now it is used in chemoprevention. A slight increase of thromboembolic complications was noted in some studies. This article evaluates the frequency of thromboembolic accidents (TEA) in 441 postmenopausal patients treated by an association of conservative radiosurgery, tamoxifen +/- chemotherapy, for a breast carcinoma T0, T1T2 < 4 cm. Nineteen patients (4.3%), all in remission, presented a TEA, between 1 and 44 months after the beginning of the tamoxifen treatment. We observed seven pulmonary embolisms (PE), 11 deep venous thromboses (DVT) and an acute arterial ischemia. Two patients aged 74 and 80 years died, the others had a favourable evolution under anticoagulant treatment. Among these 19 patients, six presented known risks factors (phlebitis, cardiovascular disorders) and ten had a "favouring circumstance" aggravating the risk of TEA (surgical operation, severe infection, fracture). Their median age was 65 years (61 for all the 441 patients). We noted eight cases of breast lobular cancer (42%) among these 19 patients (11% for all the patients). Among postmenopausal patients, the indication of tamoxifen must be evaluated according to the benefits expected in those with high risk factors of TEA (history of heart failure, obesity, spread varix, age > 65 years). In case of DVT and/or PE, this treatment seems contra-indicated. In case of "favouring circumstances", a hypocoagulant or systematic anticoagulant treatment must be proposed. In case of combined chemotherapy, it is better to start tamoxifen at the end of the treatment. These simple prophylactic measures should allow to reduce significantly the risk of TEA in postmenopausal patients with adjuvant anti-estrogenotherapy.
 ...
PMID:[Thromboembolic accidents in postmenopausal patients with adjuvant treatment by tamoxifen. Frequency, risk factors and prevention possibilities]. 774 16

Tamoxifen was administered in the diet (420 p.p.m.) to female F344 (Fischer), Wistar (LAC-P) and LEW (Lewis) rats to determine for each strain the early morphological and biochemical changes associated with the subsequent development of liver cancer. Hepatic DNA damage, as determined by 32P-postlabelling, showed a cumulative increase with time from 500 adducts/10(8) nucleotides at 30 days to almost 3000 adducts/10(8) nucleotides after 180 days, with little difference between strains at this time point. A significant strain difference was found in the number of adducts present in the Fischer rats at 90 days, compared to the Wistar and Lewis strains. There was a marked strain differences in the time to development of liver tumours. After 6 months treatment, both Wistar and Lewis rats had tumours while none were seen in the Fischer animals. After 11 months, all of the Wistar and Lewis rats had developed liver carcinoma, while the Fischer rats developed liver carcinoma by 20 months. Depression in cell proliferation, relative to age-matched controls, was seen in the livers of Fischer rats after six months of exposure to tamoxifen, in contrast to an increase in the Wistar and Lewis rats. This observation is consistent with the promotion of foci to tumours and the subsequent progression of tumours to carcinomas in the latter two strains. These data may assist in establishing the possible risk factors, such as extent of DNA damage and increased liver cell proliferation, to women with long-term prophylactic exposure to tamoxifen.
 ...
PMID:DNA damage as assessed by 32P-postlabelling in three rat strains exposed to dietary tamoxifen: the relationship between cell proliferation and liver tumour formation. 778 46

Tamoxifen and megestrol acetate are used as a hormonal treatment for metastatic breast carcinoma. It is suggested that the use of tamoxifen may induce endometrial cancer. In this article we describe nine patients under hormonal treatment for metastatic breast cancer with, firstly, tamoxifen and, later, megestrol acetate. These nine patients all had symptoms of postmenopausal vaginal blood loss during therapy with megestrol acetate, an indication to perform a diagnostic dilatation and curettage. By histopathological examination the curettings showed a decidualized stroma with an infiltration of lymphocytes, some plasma cells and many eosinophils. In none of the patients was atypical hyperplasia or malignancy found. The dilatation and curettage had also a therapeutic effect, since only one of the patients still had complaints, while the other eight did not complain of postmenopausal bleeding again. We review the literature and discuss the value of a diagnostic dilatation and curettage.
 ...
PMID:Results of curettage for postmenopausal vaginal bleeding in women treated with tamoxifen and megestrol acetate for progressive metastatic breast carcinoma. 782 89

This concerns a 57 year old woman operated on in 1988 for a left radical mastectomy due to ductal breast carcinoma and subsequently treated with chemotherapy and Tamoxifen adjuvant. In 1990 a laparo-hystero-oophorectomy was carried out due to uterine fibromas. The woman continued taking Tamoxifen. Two years later a pelvic regeneration appeared, resulting in endometriosis, site of adenomatose hyperplasia and of endometrioid carcinoma GI. This furthermore confirms the importance of a gynecological follow-up for all women treated with Tamoxifen adjuvant therapy.
 ...
PMID:Endometrioid carcinoma in pelvic endometriosis in a postmenopausal woman with tamoxifen adjuvant therapy for breast cancer. A case report. 782 11


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>