Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 37-year-old female, who had undergone a left standard mastectomy in May, 1983 for breast cancer, was treated with Tamoxifen and FT-207 postoperatively. The patient had no further evidence of disease until two and one-half years later, when a routine chest film showed a single, half-rounded density 6.5 cm in diameter in the hilus of her left lung. Bestrabucil, the benzoate of an estradiol-chlorambucil conjugate, was administered p.o. at a daily dose of 200 mg for four weeks. Thereafter, the tumor greatly decreased in size to 3.0 cm in diameter. When a left upper lobectomy was performed, the tumor was found to be necrotic tissue. Microscopically, a small cancer nest similar to the primary breast carcinoma was observed in the center of the necrosis. The necrotic tissue was surrounded with cellular infiltrate, markedly consisting of histiocytes.
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PMID:[A case of breast carcinoma with lung metastasis]. 359 80

Tamoxifen, an oestrogen receptor antagonist and an effective treatment for breast carcinoma, has recently been shown to possess spasmolytic activity in smooth muscle. Tamoxifen in vitro inhibited the contraction of smooth muscle from rat myometrium and aorta produced by exogenous calcium. At the same concentration tamoxifen did not affect the uptake of calcium into the muscle. The importance of calcium in cell proliferation suggests that some of the unexplained antitumor activity of the oestrogen antagonists may be accounted for by intracellular calcium antagonism.
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PMID:Calcium antagonism by the antioestrogen tamoxifen. 375 53

The Christie Hospital Tamoxifen Trial was a randomised trial to assess the efficacy of tamoxifen (Nolvadex) as an adjunct to surgical treatment for operable breast carcinoma. From 1 November 1976 to 1 June 1982 1005 patients were registered, of whom 961 are evaluable. Following surgery, premenopausal women were randomly allocated to either tamoxifen (TAM) 20 mg/day for 1 yr or to have an irradiation menopause. Postmenopausal women had TAM 20 mg/day for 1 yr or no further treatment (controls). The analysis at 7 yr shows that there is no statistically significant difference in the overall survival for premenopausal women between those given TAM and those given ovarian irradiation. Similarly for the postmenopausal women there was no significant difference in overall survival between the TAM and control groups. However, if the series of 961 patients is analysed as a whole and allowance is made for node status then the TAM-treated patients show a significant survival benefit (P = 0.05). There was also a statistically significant delay in first relapse for the TAM-treated patients (P = 0.04); with a particularly marked reduction in distant metastases in postmenopausal patients (P = 0.06). TAM was extremely well tolerated, with very few side-effects.
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PMID:The Christie Hospital tamoxifen (Nolvadex) adjuvant trial for operable breast carcinoma--7-yr results. 389 66

Ten patients with unresected pancreatic carcinoma, treated with Nolvadex 10 mg 3 times a day were compared to a historic untreated control group. The median survival was 7 months in the treated group compared to 3 months in the untreated. In the control group all patients died within the first 9 months, in the treated group 40% of the patients were still alive after 14 months.
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PMID:Antiestrogen therapy in pancreatic carcinoma: a preliminary report. 395 56

A series of 301 cases of male breast carcinoma has been analysed; of these, 292 have been treated at The Christie Hospital, Manchester and followed-up for a maximum of 15 years. The mean age was 63 years. The corrected survival was 52%, 38% and 36% at 5, 10 and 15 years respectively. For clinical Stage I, the 15 year survival was 61%. Since 1976, adjuvant Tamoxifen for one year has been administered to patients with operable Stage II (path) and Stage III disease following surgery and radiotherapy. Twenty-three patients so treated have a corrected survival of 55% at 5 years compared to 28% previously. Of 22 tumours assayed for oestrogen and progesterone receptors, 86% showed a positive result. For recurrent/metastatic disease, the drug Tamoxifen is recommended as the treatment of choice.
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PMID:Male breast carcinoma--a review of 301 cases from the Christie Hospital & Holt Radium Institute, Manchester. 396 65

It is well established that liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 participates in steroid metabolism and probably also in the metabolism of anti-oestrogens such as tamoxifen (Nolvadex). Thus it is possible that variations in cytochrome P-450 levels may influence the responsiveness of human breast and endometrial carcinomas to endocrine therapy. Therefore a simple sensitive spectrophotometric assay for determining levels of cytochrome P-450-dependent cyclohexane hydroxylation activity in breast and uterine microsomes (microsomal fractions) has been developed. Cyclohexane was chosen as a substrate because of the relatively high levels of cyclohexane hydroxylase activity in tumour microsomes and because cyclohexane serves as a substrate for several forms of cytochrome P-450. As previously described [Senler, Dean, Pierce & Wittliff (1985) Anal. Biochem. 144, 152-158], a direct method utilizing isotope-dilution/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was also developed in order to confirm the results of the spectrophotometric assay. The average activity (cyclohexane-dependent NADPH oxidation) for 139 human breast-tumour microsome preparations was 1.34 nmol/min per mg, which is in the range of that found in untreated mammalian liver (1-3 nmol/min per mg). Also, high enzyme activity was demonstrated in human ovary, normal uterus as well as uterine leiomyomas. Endocrine status appeared to influence enzyme levels, in that mammary tissue from virgin rats contained significantly (P less than 0.025) higher amounts of activity than did tissues from either pregnant or lactating rats. Furthermore, carbon monoxide, as well as an antibody against rat liver cytochrome P-450, completely inhibited NADPH oxidation by breast-carcinoma microsomes. These results strengthen our hypothesis that tumours with high levels of cytochrome P-450 may have a reduced response to additive endocrine therapy.
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PMID:Quantification of cytochrome P-450-dependent cyclohexane hydroxylase activity in normal and neoplastic reproductive tissues. 400 71

The MCF-7 and CG-5 breast carcinoma cell lines were grown under different concentrations of estrogen and with or without the addition of tamoxifen to the media. Similar results were obtained with either cell lines. Cells cultured in estrogen-supplemented medium showed a marked change of the cell shape with the appearance of long projections sprouting from the cell body, adhesion areas being localized at the tips of these projections. A redistribution of bundles of prekeratin and actin fibres could be visualized by appropriate immuno-cytochemical procedures. Vimentin intermediate filaments and microtubules did not appear significantly modified by hormone conditioning. Tamoxifen treatment resulted in structural and cytoskeletal changes similar to those observed in estrogen stimulated cells. These data indicate that the shape and the cytoskeletal architecture of breast cancer cells can be conditioned by hormone treatment.
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PMID:Estrogen and tamoxifen induced cytoskeletal changes in breast cancer cells. 404 Aug 18

A patient is reported in whom hypercalcaemia developed when adjuvant hormonal treatment with tamoxifen (Nolvadex) was instituted. The response to withdrawal of the drug and the recurrence of hypercalcaemia on rechallenge with tamoxifen make a causal relationship between hypercalcaemia and tamoxifen therapy probable. Some of the mechanisms of development of hypercalcaemia in cases of breast carcinoma are discussed, and the literature on hypercalcaemia and tamoxifen therapy is reviewed.
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PMID:Tamoxifen and hypercalcaemia. A case report. 625 14

One hundred twenty-four disease-free postoperative women with ipsilateral-node-positive breast carcinoma were evaluated to assess the metabolic handling and clinical side effects of adjuvant tamoxifen for periods in excess of five years. The patients received postoperative combination chemotherapy for a median of 14 months. Thirty-eight patients received no tamoxifen. Tamoxifen 10 mgs bid was administered to 86 patients during the chemotherapy duration and has been continued in 43 of these patients for up to five years after termination of chemotherapy. Serum samples obtained in 7 patients at 3 to 4-month intervals during the first 5 years revealed that levels of tamoxifen, N-desmethyltamoxifen, and metabolite Y were generally constant throughout the period of drug administration. There was no difference in side effects observed after stopping chemotherapy between the group continuing tamoxifen and the groups stopping tamoxifen or never receiving the drug. Relapse-free survival was superior with increasing duration of exposure to tamoxifen, but this observation can only be considered preliminary due to the small number of patients involved and the study design. The clinical effects observed and the failure to demonstrate the development of a host-metabolic tolerance to tamoxifen provides a rational basis for developing a clinical trial to continue adjuvant tamoxifen therapy for periods in excess of four years after chemotherapy.
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PMID:Long-term tamoxifen adjuvant therapy in node-positive breast cancer: a metabolic and pilot clinical study. 639 68

In order to investigate the hormone dependency of gastric cancer, the presence of estrogen receptor (E.R.) in surgically resected carcinomatous tissues was studied. E.R. assay was performed by dextran coated charcoal method. We have found 10% E.R. positive cases in gastric cancer (4/40). These 4 patients were all female, and showed Borrmann 3 or 4 type macroscopically. The histological types of these cases were signet-ring cell carcinoma or poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, experimental studies suggest that the growth of signet-ring cell carcinoma transplanted on nude mice depends on sex hormone. Based on these observations, the clinical trial of chemo-endocrine therapy after gastrectomy for female patients with diffuse carcinoma of the stomach has been performed in our hospital since 1980. The therapy consists of Mitomycin-C plus subsequent Tegafur, with or without Tamoxifen 20 mg/day given orally, twice a day starting 2 weeks after surgery. The results are as follows: The cumulative 3-year survival rate in 21 cases receiving chemo-endocrine therapy (TAM+) after gastrectomy revealed higher (43.3%) than that (5.6%) in 23 cases receiving chemotherapy alone (TAM-). Furthermore, 2 and 3 years survival rates of TAM + in curatively resected cases (8 cases) were both 100% including 2 recurrent cases. In TAM- 10 cases, 2 and 3 years survival rate showed 68.4% and 16.3% respectively with statistically significance (p less than 0.01). Chemo-endocrine therapy for non-curatively resected and recurrent cases were also effective. This result suggests that the chemo-endocrine therapy after gastrectomy may be a new hopeful adjuvant in female patients with diffuse carcinoma of the stomach.
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PMID:[Sex hormone dependency and endocrine therapy in diffuse carcinoma of the stomach]. 641 74


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