Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

150-200 g heavy, Walker-carcinoma bearing, male Sprague-Dawley-rats showed rapid, tumour weight dependent, loss of liver glycogen until complete depletion in tumour groups heavier than 40 g/animal. Simultaneously the glycogen mobilization after massive glucagon stimulation, was successivly diminished and finally abolished in different groups with increasing tumor weight. Concomitantly the spontaneous and stimulated activity of liver phosphorylase a was found markedly reduced in advanced tumour cachexia, the extent of stimulation of liver phosphorylase a activity by intracardial injections of epinephrine not being altered. Tumour induced inhibition of glycogen mobilization thus appears to have been excluded. To account for the relative late pronounced hypoglycemia in peripherial rat blood in face of the early loss of liver glycogen, accelerated gluconeogenesis has been postulated. In accord with this spontaneous rise in liver tyrosine amino transferase was found in tumour bearing rats along with a doubled maximal stimulation value after medrol injection as compared to control groups. This behavior could not be shown for liver alanine aminotransferase and liver fructose 1,6-di-phosphatase. The former showed no differences between control and tumour groups neither of spontaneous nor of stimulated activity. The latter showed only a very reluctant rise after massive stimulation by triamcinolone for 3 days in the control groups, the tumour bearing groups showing no deviation from spontaneous control values.
Z Krebsforsch Klin Onkol Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1976 Jan 02
PMID:[Biochemical investigations of cancer cachexia. II. Depletion of glycogenolysis and stimulation of gluconeogenesis in Walker carcinoma 256 bearing rats (author's transl)]. 0 45

A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for human alpha-lactalbumin, a milk protein, has been developed in order to examine the effect of prolactin on the human breast in normal and diseased states. Samples of milk from nursing mothers and from men and women with galactorrhea were found to contain milligram concentrations of this protein. In serum, 8 of 25 normal men and 18 of 44 normal women had detectable concentrations of alpha-lactalbumin. Significantly higher levels of alpha-lactalbumin were found in 17 of 19 women during pregnancy who were not actively lactating. All nursing mothers were found to have distinctly elevated serum alpha-lactalbumin concentrations. In a group of 17 female patients with phenothiazine induced prolactin elevations (mean 29.4 ng/ml), the mean serum alpha-lactalbumin of 17.3 ng/ml was significantly higher than in normal female volunteers. Patients with gynecomastia were not noted to have elevated alpha-lactalbumin. In vitro, homogenates of normal breast and carcinoma tissue from the same individuals revealed that in 9 of 17 patients alpha-lactalbumin was present in higher concentrations in normal than in cancerous tissue. Overall, alpha-lactalbumin was found in 48.5% of homogenates and 41% of organ cultures of normal breast tissue from cancer patients. In contrast, it was present in only 19% of homogenates and 21% of cultures of carcinoma tissue, indicating that the cancer tissue may lose its ability to produce alpha-lactalbumin. Differences in biologic behavior were found in some tumors. In 2 cases homogenates of breast cancer tissue had much higher concentrations of alpha-lactalbumin than the normal tissue, and in 3 of 33 tumors studied in organ culture prolactin increased alpha-lactalbumin output.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1977 Dec
PMID:Studies on human alpha-lactalbumin: radioimmunoassay measurements in normal human breast and breast cancer. 2 54

A series of experimental mouse tumours were assayed for their gamma-glutamyltransferase activities. Significantly raised activities were found in a transplantable spontaneous mammary carcinoma compared to normal or lactating mouse breast. A study was therefore undertaken of human breast tumours. Carcinomas showed significantly elevated enzyme levels when compared with normal tissue or histologically uninvolved tissue from a breast containing a carcinoma. Fibroadenoma and chronic mastitis also showed significantly elevated levels when compared with normal tissue and did not differ significantly from carcinoma tissue. Benign breast cyst fluid showed very high levels of enzyme activity. Binding properties of the enzyme to Con A-Sepharose suggested that while normal tissue and fibroadenomas contained only asialated enzyme, carcinomas, chronic mastitis and cyst fluid contained a substantial proportion of sialated enzyme.
Clin Chim Acta 1979 Aug 15
PMID:gamma-Glutamyltransferase in human and mouse breast tumours. 3 23

The properties of TSH receptors in normal and pathological human thyroid tissues were studied. Highly purified bovine TSH after lactoperoxidase iodination retained full biological activity, as assessed by radioreceptor assay. Binding of bovine [125I]TSH to 1000 x g pellets of human thyroid homogenate was specific with respect to hormone and tissue. Total binding amounted to 50-60% of total radioactivity using 10 mg (wet weight) normal thyroid tissue. Nonspecific binding was only 6% of total radioactivity. Normal thyroid tissue contained two orders of binding sites, which were shown to be independent of each other by Hill plot analysis. The high affinity sites [equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd), 0.015-0.16 x 10-9 M] were present in concentrations of 1.05-9.30 pmol/mg protein and concentrations of low affinity sites (Kd, 1.2-2.4 x 10-9 M) were 35.9-213 pmol/mg. In all pathological thyroid tissue studied, two orders of binding sites were found with dissociation constants similar to those of normal tissues, but the number of binding sites was markedly reduced. Both orders of binding sites in solitary "cold" adenomas and only the low affinity sites in thyroid tissue from patients with Graves' disease were significantly reduced in number (P less than 0.01). There was a questionable decrease in high affinity sites in the Graves' tissue (P = 0.05). We have found the definite presence but a decreased number of binding sites in both orders of receptors in papillary and follicular carcinomas. There were few or no binding sites in medullary carcinoma.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1978 Oct
PMID:Thyrotropin receptors in normal and pathological human thyroid tissues. 4 70

We have reviewed our experience in a multidisciplined breast cancer clinic where we have utilized hormonal, ablative, and chemotherapetuci modalities. Our experience seesm to be similar to that of other groups in that oophorectomy treatment produces approximately a 61 per cent response (regression and arrest) rate, androgen therapy produces a 47 per cent response (regression and arrest) rate estrogen therapy produces a 40 per cent response (regression and arrest) rate, and ablative treatment produces approximately a 50 per cent response (regression and arrest) rate. Adrenalectomy and hypophysectomy showed similar response rates. Until it can be shown that hypophysectomy clearly offers enhanced benefits, this will not be utilized by our group except in those patients who cannot tolerate abdominal surgery (that is, patients with poor pulmonary reserve). Of interest is the high response rate (65 per cent) to ablative treatment in patients in whom disease exacerbates on additive hormonal treatment, with an increased duration of response and survival. Survival is increased in patients who are rebound responders after estrogen withdrawal. We expect to report data with future follow-up of this group of patients. New protocols will be instituted after review of the data in the hope of increasing clinical benefit and survival in this group of patients. Carcinoma of the breast accounts for almost 90,000 new cases of cancer a year, with metastases eventually developing in at least half of these patients. All physicians must be aware of the many complex problems associated with this disease and, hopefully, arrive at a logical approach for its control. We believe this can be achieved with a multidisciplined group approach as established at the Lahey Clinic Foundation.
Med Clin North Am 1975 Mar
PMID:A multidisciplined approach for the treatment of metastatic carcinoma of the breast. 4 45

Using the radioactively-labeled alkaline-degraded acid-soluble fraction of amyloid ([ 125I ]DAA), we developed a radioimmunoassay for the previously described amyloid-related component of the human serum (SAA). Screening the sera of 228 normal individuals and of 297 patients with a variety of illnesses, we found that SAA is a component of all human sera, including cord blood (mean 94 plus or minus 57 ng/ml). The concentration of this component increases significantly with the aging process, reaching very high levels in the eighth and nine decades. It is also elevated in all cases of amyloidosis (except for those associated with nephrotic syndrome) as well as in many patients with myeloma, macroglobulinemia, lymphoma, carcinoma, rheumatoid arthritis, and tuberculosis. A marked increase was noted in the early stages of a variety of acute inflammatory and infectious states with a return to normal levels paralleling clinical improvement and faster than the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The possible implications of this component in the genesis of amyloid and in the immune process are discussed.
J Clin Invest 1975 Apr
PMID:Variation with age and disease of an amyloid A protein-related serum component. 4 33

Marked discrepancies (values up to four times higher in on assay than in the other) were observed when the plasma concentration of immunoreactive human calcitonin (iCT) was measured by two radioimm8noassays in 18 patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma. The two antisera used had different binding affinities for the NH2- and COOH-terminal regions of synthetic calcitonin monomer (CT-1-32). Except for this difference, the assays were identical and reacted equally with CT 1-32. Plasma samples from patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma were gel filtered on columns of Bio-Gel P-150, and the immunoreactivity in column effuent fractions was measured with both assays. The one utilizing the antiserum with prominent NH2-terminal binding affinity (and giving higher iCT values) recognized at least five molecular species that eluted with or before CT 1-32. The other assay, utilizing the antiserum with a COOH-terminal binding affinity, recognized two fo these molecular species-one eluting with CT 1-32 and the other in a position consistent with a dimer. A mixture of athreotic asthma and added CT 1-32 contained a single immunologic species that was recoqnized equally by both antisera. No forms smaller than CT 1-32 were detected in any study. The results suggest that iCT circulating in the plasma of patients with medullary thryoid carcinoma is hetergeneous. The absolute iCT concentration measured by radioimmunoassays depends on recognition of these distinct molecular species as well as on the specific binding affinities of the antiserum used to detect them. These observations may partially explain the variations among iCT values reported by different laboratories.
J Clin Invest 1975 May
PMID:Immunochemical heterogeneity of calcitonin in plasma of patients with medullary thryoid carcinoma. 4 35

A staining method is presented by which azocarmine combines with spermine to form a poorly soluble red precipitate highlighted against the yellow cytoplasm of positive cells achieved by counterstaining with metanil yellow. In the prostate, the spermine-dye complex was abundant in normal acinar epithelial cells, moderate in the epithelial cells of hyperplastic glands, and moderate to absent in carcinoma cells. Spermine is evidently concerned with stabilizing the structure of desoxyribose nucleic acid and probably of proteins, notably several zinc metalloenzymes. Diagnosis and treatment of carcinoma of the prostate should include an adequate basic diet, retention of testes, hormonal treatment oriented toward testicular, pituitary and hypothalamic hormones; zinc--ordinary and radioactive; and utilization of spermine and precursors.
Ann Clin Lab Sci
PMID:Etiologic factors in carcinoma of the prostate. 4 35

The earliest and most reproduceable lesion associated with chronic alcohol abuse is fatty liver. In some alcoholics this may be superseded by alcoholic hepatitis, which may represent the link between the early lesion and cirrhosis. Alcoholic cirrhosis usually begins as a regular, monolobular variety, but is eventually transformed into an irregular, multilobular type. All stages of alcoholic liver injury have now been produced in the baboon, despite high protein and vitamin supplemented diets. Alcohol may therefore now be regarded as a direct hepatotoxin. Epidemiological studies have indicated that alcoholic liver injury begins with an intake of more than 80 g ethanol a day, and that cirrhosis is generally not seen with an intake of less than 160 g per day. The development of cirrhosis correlates with the total duration and amount of alcohol ingested. Complications of alcoholic cirrhosis include iron overload and primary hepatic carcinoma.
Clin Gastroenterol 1975 May
PMID:Relation of alcoholic liver injury to cirrhosis. 4 93

The distributions of acid alpha1-glycoprotein, alpha1-fetoprotein, beta-galactosidase and gastrin in gastric carcinoma and gastric ulcer as well as in the neighbourhood of these lesions were studied by means of immunohistochemical methods on imprint preparation. We could not find significant differences between gastric carcinoma and the nonneoplastic lesions, except for the acid alpha1-glycoprotein. The results of this first study indicate that the immunochemical and immunohistological assay of acid alpha1-glycoprotein might be of practical value in diagnosing malignant changes of gastric mucosa.
Z Krebsforsch Klin Onkol Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1975 Sep 22
PMID:[Immunohistochemical studies on non neoplastic and neoplastic gastric mucosa. Determination of embryonic and specific antigens (author's transl)]. 5 51


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