Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Improvement in drug response and reduction of toxicity were observed after continuous intrahepatic arterial infusion of mytomycin-C (MMC) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in 15 of 26 patients with primary or metastatic carcinoma of the liver. Serum bilirubin values of 10 mg/100 ml absence of ascites, extreme cachexia and impending hepatic failure were used as the criteria for admission of these patients into the study. The patients were given MMC in a dose of 0.08 mg/kg on day 1,5-FU in a dose of 8-10 mg/kg on days 2-5, and MMC on day 6. This schedule was reinitiated on days 8 and 15 for total mean duration of 18 days. Maintenance therapy was carried out by the administration of these drugs at induction dosage alternated each week as a single 24 hourly intravenous infusion. Objective response to combination therapy was defined as decrease of at least 50% in the liver size and in the abnormal levels of serum alkaline phosphatase and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), and near normal levels of serum bilirubin for a minimum period of 2 months. The duration of objective response ranged from 3-16 months with a median of 8.2 months. The median survival time for the responders was 7.2 months for patients with primary carcinoma and 9.4 months for patients with metastatic carcinoma of the liver as compared to 2 months for patients who failed to respond to the treatment. Five out of 12 patients who were refractory to MMC or 5-FU by intravenous infusion responded to the present combination drug therapy. Of four patients who died during induction therapy, three had liver failure and the fourth suffered pulmonary embolism. These studies provide evidence that combination therapy with MMC and 5-FU increases the survival time of patients with hepatic cancer, presumably due to the synergistic action of these drugs which permits the use of a low dosage schedule and has less toxic effects.
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PMID:Intrahepatic arterial infusion of combination of mitomycin-C and 5-fluorouracil in treatment of primary and metastatic liver carcinoma. 19 31

We examined 19 hepatoma tissues for alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme and found that six have both the Kasahara isoenzyme and an alkaline phosphatase with a unique electrophoretic mobility, in addition to the liver-type enzyme. From two of six carcinoma tissues, the abnormal enzyme was partly purified and subjected to a detailed analysis, which clarified that the abnormal enzyme resembled a fetal intestinal alkaline phosphatase in most of its enzymic and immunologic properties and also in properties that reflect enzyme structure. This fetal intestinal-type alkaline phosphatase was not found in 24 specimens of normal liver from adults. The relevance of fetal intestinal-type alkaline phosphatase to Kasahara isoenzyme and adult intestinal alkaline phosphatase is discussed. The fetal and adult intestinal alkaline phosphatases differ in electrophoretic mobility, heat stability, and reactivity with concanavalin A. The adult-type enzyme has two components; only the electrophoretically slower, neuraminidase-resistant one is described here.
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PMID:A fetal intestinal-type alkaline phosphatase in hepatocellular carcinoma tissue. 19 84

Carcinoma tissues induced by 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene were investigated both morphologically and biochemically. The most prominent histological pattern was an undifferentiated carcinomatous one. While this type of carcinoma, histologically, appeared to be due to a uniform population of cells, electron microscopic examination revealed that the carcinoma tissue was composed of many types of cells including cells that contained either the brush border or the mucous droplets seen in goblet cells. In addition, tumor cells that contain serotonin-like granules were noticed. An electrophoretogram of alkaline phosphatase in the tissue extract of this type of carcinoma revealed distinctly the presence of its intestinal isozyme. These findings evidently show that carcinoma induced by 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene includes in addition to the cells differentiated toward hepatocytes or cholangiolar cells, those differentiated toward intestinal epithelial cells.
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PMID:Appearance of intestinal type of tumor cells in hepatoma tissue induced by 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene. 20 88

The measurement of the activity of acid hydrolases and of alkaline phosphatase in bronchial aspirates obtained through bronchoscopic procedures from a series of 300 patients forms the basis for a screening program to diagnose bronchial malignant neoplasms more effectively. We define such a screening test as one permitting rapid measurements indicative of pathologic abnormalities and producing a preliminary diagnosis which, if in error, yields preferably a false-positive result. Using this approach, we demonstrated that an elevation of the activity of alkaline phosphatase or cathepsin D predicts a 50 percent likelihood of cancer, but elevation of both the concentrations of alkaline phosphatase and cathepsin D has an additive prediction of 71 percent. Data obtained in this study showed that the presence of a pulmonary tumor can cause increased levels of alkaline phosphatase or cathepsin D (or both) in bronchial aspirates before the presently accepted methods yield a diagnostic result. Furthermore, those patients with an elevated activity of alkaline phosphatase or cathepsin D (or both) but with no histologically demonstrable pulmonary carcinoma can be reexamined intermittently.
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PMID:The diagnostic value of lysosomal enzyme patterns in bronchial aspirates of patients with suspected bronchial carcinoma. 20 50

Adenocarcinomas that arise from primary or secondary prostatic ducts have distinctive histopathologic features. The age of patients, symptoms, findings on digital rectal examination and determinations of serum acid and alkaline phosphatase are similar to those of patients with acinic carcinomas. Carcinomas of secondary ducts may be less responsive to endocrine manipulation and of greater malignancy than carcinomas of primary ducts. The course and survival of patients with ductal carcinomas treated conservatively are poor.
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PMID:Prostatic adenocarcinoma of ductal origin. 21 63

The cytomorphologic and cytochemical investigation of 59 samples of pleural and peritoneal effusions with malignant tumor cells was performed and the results were compared. The diagnosis was confirmed histologically in most cases. The cytomorphologic method gave very good results not only in the determination of malignant tumor cells but also in the differentiation of various kinds of tumors. A diagnosis was made of differentiated carcinoma (adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma) in 40 cases, undifferentiated carcinoma in five, sarcoma or hemoblastosis in nine and undifferentiated malignant tumor in five cases. The results of cytochemical reactions investigated demonstrated a significant difference between the cells of carcinoma and sarcoma, and in various kinds of carcinoma the most important difference was found between the positive reaction of the alkaline phosphatase and negative reaction of the acid phosphatase in the cells of ovarina and uterine carcinoma. Although we consider the morphologic examination of effusions the most important for the diagnosis of malignancy, the cytochemical methods can sometimes be helpful in a more precise differentiation.
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PMID:The results of some cytochemical reactions in metastatic malignant tumor cells in pleural and peritoneal effusions. 26 48

The combination of vincristine, methyl-CCNU, and methotrexate with or without MER-BCG achieved a 2% complete response (CR) and a 11% partial response (PR) with a median duration of 25-29 weeks in 124 evaluable patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum. Responses were seen in previously untreated patients and in patients refractory to 5-fluorouracil. The median survival of these objective responders (CR + PR) was 57 weeks. The addition of MER-BCG did not appear to influence response rate or duration of survival and was accompanied by significant toxicity. Response was significantly correlated with performance status, sex, and disease free interval and survival with alkaline phosphatase and performance status. Patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma should be stratified according to these variables.
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PMID:Chemotherapy versus chemoimmunotherapy in advanced adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum: a prospective randomized study. 36 76

Assays of immune function (recall skin tests to microbial antigens; total circulating lymphocytes, T-cells, B-cells; lymphocyte blastogenesis with PHA, Con A, and pokeweed mitogens; and serum immunoglobulins IgA, IgM, IgG) were obtained in 408 patients with unresectable gastrointestinal carcinoma. The overall patient population, in comparison to normal controls, was characterized by reduced response to recall skin tests, reduced total lymphocyte and T-cell counts, reduced lymphocyte blastogenesis assays, increased B-cell counts and increased IgA and IgM. Significant immunosuppression was associated with prior radiation or chemotherapy, and with impaired patient performance status. There was no apparent correlation between extent of clinically evident malignant disease and immune function within this patient population. No assay of immune function matched the prognostic value of the more readily available and less expensive determinations of performance status, serum alkaline phosphatase, or SGOT. Only reactivity to recall skin tests had a significant correlation to patient survival independent of performance status. Among patients with little or no disability, only intensity of skin test reactivity correlated significantly with survival; and among those with greater disability, there was correlation only with proportion of skin tests positive. The combination of candida and streptokinase antigens provided the best recall skin test survival correlation. Adding a third, fourth, or fifth antigen did not add to prognostic value. From an overall standpoint, the immune determinants which we studied do not appear to provide useful additions to the evaluation of the patient with unresectable gastrointestinal cancer.
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PMID:Nonspecific immune determinants in the patient with unresectable gastrointestinal carcinoma. 37 93

As part of a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial to evaluate the effect of colchicine on liver cirrhosis, 43 cirrhotic patients were assigned to either a placebo (20 patients) or a colchicine (23 patients) treatment group. Colchicine 1 mg and an indistinguishable placebo were administered orally on a daily dose 5 days a week. In the colchicine group, 12 were males and 11 females, while in the control group 13 were males and 7 females. The time elapsed between diagnosis and inclusion in the study was 14.1 mo for the controls and 14.5 mo for the patients on colchicine. Mortality related to the liver disease occurred in 4 patients on colchicine and 8 patients on placebo. Although the probability of surviving in the colchicine group was greater than that of the placebo, the difference did not reach statistically significant levels. Of the colchicine-treated patients, in three a remarkable decrease in liver fibrosis was observed in serial biopsies. In two other patients, carcinoma of the liver developed. Six of the survivors on colchicine have improved clinically, noticing disappearance of ascites and edema, as well as a decrease in the size of the spleen. All the survivors on placebo continue to show clinical deterioration. In contrast to the usual drop of serum albumin seen in the cirrhotic patients, those receiving colchicine increased and maintained their serum albumin levels throughout the study. Serum proline values were elevated only in the alcohol cirrhotic patients. Serum alkaline phosphatase increased only in those patients receiving colchicine. The results indicate that in some cases, liver fibrosis could be modified by treatment with antifibrotic drugs. The use of colchicine at present should remain within controlled studies.
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PMID:Treatment of cirrhosis with colchicine. A double-blind randomized trial. 37 54

Using a sensitive enzyme immunoassay, carcinoplacental alkaline phosphatase (CPAP) was determined in sera of 1266 patients with gyneocological cancers. All these patients were referred after initial surgical treatment elsewhere. There were 95 patients with evidence of disease at the time of the study and 1171 without evidence of disease. Of the 95 patients with active disease, 47 were treated for ovarian carcinoma, 36 for carcinoma of the cervix and 12 for endometrial carcinoma. Raised levels of CPAP were seen in 40% of patients with ovarian carcinoma, in 22% with carcinoma of the cervix and in 41% in the small group with endometrial carcinoma. In patients without evidence of disease, raised levels of CPAP were seen in 12% of patients with carcinoma of the cervix, in 6% of endometrial carcinoma and only in 2% of patients with carcinoma of the ovary. Therefore it was considered that in the latter group CPAP studies would prove of some value. In the group of patients with carcinoma of the ovary and evidence of disease, raised levels of CPAP were seen almost exclusively in patients with epithelial tumors. It is considered that CPAP may be of value as a tumor marker in this group of patients. When compared with CEA, CPAP tends to give fewer false positives and correlates better with the presence of disease.
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PMID:The value of a sensitive assay of carcino-placental alkaline phosphatase (CPAP) in the follow-up of gynecological cancers. 38 13


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