Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 42-year-old female was diagnosed as having sigmoid colonic carcinoma with multiple metastases in the liver. Following sigmoid colectomy and descending colostomy, a catheter was inserted from the right gastroepiploic artery to the proper hepatic artery. From the day of surgery 5-Fluorouracil was administered in doses of 250 mg/day continuously through a catheter over the 2-month period of hospitalization. After the patient was discharged, 250 mg/day of 5-Fluorouracil was administered at home using Vaxter Infusor according to a regimen of 10-day continuous infusion and subsequent 4-day rest. Five months after the initial operation, the serum CEA level decreased dramatically, and CT scan of the liver revealed the complete disappearance of the metastases. The patient underwent a second operation in which the colostomy was closed, and she is doing well at this writing. This case suggests that long-term, ambulatory, continuous and intra-hepatic-arterial infusion of 5-Fluorouracil can be a very effective treatment not only in reducing the hepatic metastases but also in improving the quality of life of patients with colonic carcinoma.
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PMID:[A case report of metastatic colonic carcinoma in the liver effectively treated by long-term, ambulatory and continuous, intra-hepatic-arterial infusion of 5-fluorouracil using disposable multi-day-type infusor]. 151 31

A dosage form comprising 5-fluorouracil (5-FU, 25 mg/ml) adsorbed on a suspension of micronized charcoal (100 mg/ml) 2-5 microns in diameter, adsorbing 5-FU in aqueous solution was studied for intratumor treatment of mammary carcinoma in animal experiments. An in vitro desorption method is described to determine the amount of 5-FU adsorbed on activated charcoal particles which would be released once the drug concentration decreased around the charcoal. In vivo results indicate that an intratumor injection of 5-FU adsorbed on activated charcoal particles is a highly effective method for achieving tumor regression without increasing toxicity.
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PMID:Intratumor treatment of C3H mouse mammary carcinoma with 5-fluorouracil adsorbed on activated charcoal particles. 152 7

5-FU oil emulsion (n = 5) or 5-FU dry syrup (n = 4), at a daily dose of 332mg for 7 days, was administered preoperatively to patient with periampullary carcinoma to evaluate the uptake of 5-FU to regional lymph nodes. In the group given 5-FU oil emulsion, the mean concentration of 5-FU was 293 +/- 97 ng/ml (mean +/- S.E.D), and that of the group given dry syrup was 72 +/- 20 ng/ml. Although no statistically significant difference was found, 5-FU seemed to reach the regional lymph nodes as an emulsion rather than as an aqueous solution. Preoperative administration of 5-FU emulsion might have some favorable effect on lymph node metastasis and lymph invasion of pancreatic carcinoma.
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PMID:[Preoperative administration of 5-FU emulsion for lymph nodes metastasis of pancreatic carcinoma]. 153 Mar 30

From March 1990 to January 1991 52 previously untreated patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma were enrolled in a phase II study with the combination of interferon alfa-2b and fluorouracil (5-FU). 5-FU 750 mg/m2 per day was administered as continuous infusion for 5 days, then weekly in a dose of 750 mg/m2 as IV push injection starting on day 15. Interferon alfa-2b (Intron A, ESSEX Pharma) 9 x 10(6) units was given subcutaneously three times per week. Response to therapy was evaluated after 3 and 6 months. So far, data on response rates and toxicity are available in 32 patients: partial remission, 10 patients (31%); stable disease, nine patients (28%); progressive disease, 12 patients (37%); toxic deaths, two patients (6%). Projected median survival has not been reached after 11 months. In about one third of the patients severe side effects occurred with leukopenia grade 3 and 4, diarrhea, mucositis and septic complications being the clinically most important. We think that this combination is an effective but toxic regimen in advanced colorectal carcinoma. Further studies must reevaluate both the schedule and the doses of the drugs administered.
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PMID:Treatment of metastatic colorectal carcinoma with a combination of fluorouracil and recombinant interferon alfa-2b: preliminary data of a phase II study. 155 44

Modulation of fluorouracil (5-FU) therapy with folinic acid (FA) in advanced colorectal adenocarcinoma produces a doubled increase in remission rates, but one important study with another modulation of 5-FU with interferon alfa 2a (IFN-alpha-2a) had better results. In the fact that both modulations have different mechanisms of interaction, it seems hopeful that both have additive or synergistic effects and they give further increases of remission rates. Twenty-three patients with proven progressive advanced colorectal cancer were treated with 5-FU, FA, and IFN-alpha-2a in three different regimens. IFN-alpha-2a was given subcutaneously in a dose of 5 MioU per day during 5-FU treatment. In the first regimen FA (500 mg/m2) was administered in a short time infusion (30 minutes) while 5-FU (1,000 mg/m2) was given in a 24-hour continuous infusion with weekly intervals. In regimen 2 and 3 FA/5-FU treatment was given on days 1 to 5 every 3 to 4 weeks. The difference was time and dose of the 5-FU infusion (600 mg/m2 in 4-hour versus 350 mg/m2 by push injection). Three patients with isolated liver metastases and one patient with local recurrence of rectal carcinoma received regional therapy with higher 5-FU doses. Dose escalation was carried out in all regimens when possible (toxicity less than or equal to World Health Organization [WHO] grade 1). Objective response rates were reached in nine of 23 patients with two complete remissions (one in regional and systemic treatment) with a mean duration of 6 months. Eight patients had stable disease and six had therapy failure. In pretreated patients no complete remission was reached; three of seven had partial remission, two no change, and two progressive disease. Severe toxicity occurred in 12 of 23 patients with mucositis WHO grade 4 in one patient, grade 3 in two, hematotoxicity grade 3 in three, and cutaneous toxicity in two. Eight of twenty-three patients had alopecia grades 2 and 3. These early results of our phase II study with limited patients shows no significant advantage of double modulation in comparison to the well established results of FA/5-FU therapy.
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PMID:Fluorouracil plus interferon + folinic acid in regional and systemic therapy in colorectal cancer. 155 52

A number of the studies on pharmacokinetics of fluorinated pyrimidines have been precisely reported. In mice bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, 5-FU showed highest concentration in the lung and kidney immediately after i.v. administration of 5-FU, and in the liver, it showed rather lower concentration but for a longer period. 5-FU in blood was transferred into ascites fluid rapidly, and thus, the level of 5-FU in ascites fluid became higher than that in blood. FT is a masked compound of 5-FU, having a tetrahydrofuryl group. Drug metabolizing enzyme, natural degradation, and thymidine phosphorylase are considered to be responsible for the molecular conversion of FT into 5-FU. In order to increase the level of drug metabolizing enzyme, P450 in the liver of tumor bearers, of which P450 level was extremely lower as compared to normal individuals, phenobarbital was very effective from our previous experiment. Clinically, phenobarbital 200mg/day for 3 successive days was administered in prior to FT, and a better response was obtained than FT alone. Prevention from degradation of 5-FU in the liver by uracil kept higher level of 5-FU in blood. HCFU and 5'DFUR are also masked form of 5-FU and are converted to 5-FU in the liver.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic studies on fluorinated pyrimidine in cancer cell and tissue]. 155 91

We reported a case of metastatic liver cancer from rectal carcinoma, which was successfully treated by systemic continuous 5-Fluorouracil and intermittent Mitomycin C chemotherapy. A 70-year-old male with rectosigmoid carcinoma was admitted to our hospital. Abdominal CT and echography revealed solid mass in the liver. He underwent low anterior resection and infuse-a-port was inserted because of arterial infusion chemotherapy for metastatic liver cancer. 5-FU (250 mg per day) was infused continuously and MMC at the dose of 8 mg for one time in a week was administered. Two months later, hepatic tumor disappeared and the serum CEA level also normalized. At this writing, the patient is alive and well and complete remission has been obtained for more than 10 months.
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PMID:[A case report of complete remission of liver metastasis from rectal carcinoma treated with intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy]. 158 Jun 47

It has been amply demonstrated that immunomodulators have a place in the armamentarium with other therapeutic modalities for the treatment of various diseases. They presently are, and in the future will be, most effective in preventing diseases which cause, or are the result of, immunodeficiencies. For future development the biological agents that are potent immunomodulators can be more purified and their molecular structures defined and synthesized, such as muramyldipeptides are products of BCG, etc. The active moiety of Picibanil (OK 432), a very powerful immunostimulator should be defined. Further investigations in isolating and characterizing biological agents as immunomodulators should continue in view of the success that has been achieved with BCG in treating superficial transitional cell bladder carcinoma. This mode of treatment is much less toxic to the patient than treatment with the cytotoxic agents thiotepa, mitomycin C. Chemically defined immunomodulators have been used successfully when combined with other therapeutic modalities. Levamisole and its additive therapeutic effect when combined with 5-FU in the treatment of Stage C colorectal carcinoma establishes the potential usefulness of chemicals which specifically augment the immuno response. The explosive growth of cytokine research has led to many technical advances which were key to give cloning and the availability of recombinant cytokines which have extended and modified our concepts of cytokines. The capability of cloning to provide considerable quantities of pure cytokines, permitted studies of immunological, physiological, and therapeutic roles of cytokines. All three classes of immunomodulators: biologicals; chemical; and cytokines will continue to play a major role in advancing and improving the quality of treatment of several of human as well as animal diseases.
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PMID:Immunomodulators: current and future development and application. 158 22

To test the efficacy of sequential chemotherapy as an adjuvant to surgery and postoperative radiotherapy for patients with locally-advanced but operable squamous cell cancers of the head and neck region, a randomized clinical trial was conducted under the auspices of the Head and Neck Intergroup (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, Southwest Oncology Group, Eastern Oncology Group, Cancer and Leukemia Group B, Northern California Oncology Group, and Southeast Group). Eligible patients had completely resected tumors of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, or larynx. They were then randomized to receive either three cycles of cis-platinum and 5-FU chemotherapy followed by postoperative radiotherapy (CT/RT) or postoperative radiotherapy alone (RT). Patients were categorized as having either "low-risk" or "high-risk" treatment volumes depending on whether the surgical margin was greater than or equal to 5 mm, there was extracapsular nodal extension, and/or there was carcinoma-in-situ at the surgical margins. Radiation doses of 50-54 Gy were given to "low-risk" volumes and 60 Gy were given to "high-risk" volumes. A total of 442 analyzable patients were entered into this study with the mean-time-at-risk being 45.7 months at the time of the present analysis. The 4-year actuarial survival rate was 44% on the RT arm and 48% on the CT/RT arm (p = n.s.). Disease-free survival at 4 years was 38% on the RT arm compared to 46% on the CT/RT arm (p = n.s.). At 4 years the local/regional failure rate was 29% vs. 26% for the RT and CT/RT arms, respectively (p = n.s.). The incidence of first failure in the neck nodes was 10% on the RT arm compared to 5% on the CT/RT arm (p = 0.03 without adjusting for multiple testing) and the overall incidence of distant metastases was 23% on the RT arm compared to 15% on the CT/RT arm (p = 0.03). Treatment related toxicity is discussed in detail, but, in general, the chemotherapy was satisfactorily tolerated and did not affect the ability to deliver the subsequent radiotherapy. Implications for future clinical trials are discussed.
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PMID:Adjuvant chemotherapy for resectable squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck: report on Intergroup Study 0034. 161 79

Recently published results of large randomized trials have changed the recommendations for adjuvant treatment in patients with colorectal cancer. Patients with Dukes C cancer of the large bowel should be treated with a combination of Levamisole and 5-FU. For patients with rectal carcinoma Dukes B and C, a combined chemo-/radiotherapy is recommended.
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PMID:[Adjuvant therapeutic possibilities in carcinoma of colon and rectum]. 162 59


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