Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The results of chemotherapy in colorectal carcinoma are disappointing and therefore the treatment of metastatic rectal carcinoma, is problematic. 19 patients were treated with 5-FU, CCNU and Vincristin, the response rate was 26.3%, the median duration of remission 3.8 months.
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PMID:[Status and problems of the treatment of metastatic rectal cancer]. 29 23

This study has confirmed that patients who have advanced colorectal carcinoma have impaired responsiveness to delayed-hypersensitivity skin testing, and also have elevated levels of serum IgM. Serial observations of delayed-hypersensitivity skin tests, total lymphocyte counts, T-lymphocyte counts, B-lymphocyte counts, and serum immunoglobulin levels failed to reveal any consistent pattern of responses in patients treated with either chemotherapy alone or chemoimmunotherapy. In 33 patients chosen at random to receive either 5-FU alone or 5-FU in combination with intramuscularly administered C. parvum, there was no evidence of objective response or influence on survival. Intramuscularly administered C. parvum, in the dose and schedule used, produced no evident immunologic or therapeutic effect.
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PMID:A trial of 5-fluorouracil and Corynebacterium parvum in advanced colorectal carcinoma. 31 73

The lack of an improvement in the gross survival statistics for colorectal cancer during the last decade and the negative results of randomized trials, suggests that 5-FU used as an adjuvant treatment has not increased survival. Current chemotherapeutic drug combinations, however, may prove effective in the adjuvant situation. The adjuvant use of preoperative radiation has shown improved survival in one randomized study and no change in the second study. Current preoperative radiotherapy studies using a more effective radiation dose will confirm the effect of preoperative radiation both on the primary tumor control and on metastases. Current postoperative adjuvant trials incorporating radiation, chemotherapy or a combination of the two, when completed, will provide clear indications for the physician as to the optimum treatment of Duke's B and C cancer of the colorectum. Three national randomized studies for inoperable, recurrent or residual carcinoma of the colorectum are testing the effect of radiation alone or in combination with chemotherapy or chemotherapy followed by immunotherapy.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal cancer--colon (surgery-radiotherapy). The role of radiation therapy in the management of rectosigmoid cancer. 32 39

Twenty-seven patients with a diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate were treated in a randomized, prospective trial with either Cyclophosphamide or a combination of Adriamycin, 5-Fluorouracil, and Cyclophosphamide. Doses were either Cyclophosphamide alone (800-1200 mg/m2 iv q 3 weeks) or Cyclophosphamide (150-200 mg/m2 po Day 3-6) plus 5-FU (400-500 mg/m2 iv Day 1, 8) plus Adriamycin (30-50 mg/m2 iv Day 1) given as a 4 week treatment cycle. Patients with compromised bone marrow reserve initially received the lower dose level. Objectively stable disease as defined by a modification of the National Prostatic Cancer Project criteria was seen in 53% of the 15 Cyclophosphamide treated patients and in 50% of the 12 combination treated patients. Survival was not significantly different in the two arms. However, the survival of patients responding to Cyclophosphamide was significantly longer than that of patients responding to the combination (median 18.6 months versus 8.1 months, p less than 0.05). Gastrointestinal and hematologic toxicity was moderate with both regimens. Therefore, in the present study, Cyclophosphamide alone was as effective as the combination of Cyclophosphamide, 5-FU and Adriamycin for patients with disseminated prostatic carcinoma. The moderate hematologic toxicity noted with both regimens suggests further evaluation of drug combinations utilizing higher dosages of active agents in this disease.
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PMID:Cyclophosphamide (NSC 26271) versus the combination of adriamycin (NSC 123127), 5-fluorouracil (NSC 19893), and cyclophosphamide in the treatment of metastatic prostatic cancer: a randomized trial. 36 13

Sixty-seven patients with measurable colorectal carcinoma were randomized to receive two different schedules of Methyl CCNU, 5-FU and Vincristine (MOF). The treatment schedule consisted of Methyl CCNU 150 mg/m2 po q 70 days, 5-FU 300 mg/m2 iv for 5 consecutive days q 35 days, and Vincristine 1 mg/m2 IV q 35 days. The same total dose was used in each arm; in MOF A, the Methyl CCNU was given on day 1, while in MOF B, the Methyl CCNU was divided and given over 5 consecutive days. In MOF A, there was a 10% partial response rate and a 10% minor response rate. In MOF B, the partial response rate was 12% and the minor response rate was 21%. This difference is not statistically significant, but the patients in MOF B experienced less gastrointestinal toxicity (p less than .001).
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PMID:A randomized study of two different schedules of methyl CCNU, 5-FU and vincristine for metastatic colorectal carcinoma. 36 75

Ftorafur is a 5-fluorouracil analogue which is slowly metabolized to 5-FU, resulting in prolonged therapeutic levels of this latter drug. Ninety-one evaluable patients with metastatic breast cancer were treated with Ftorafur, Adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, and BCG (ACFTOR-BCG), in an attempt to increase the effectiveness of the program or decrease its myelosuppressive toxicity. The results of this trial were compared to those previously reported with the combination of 5-FU, Adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, and BCG (FAC-BCG). Overall objective response rates were 65% and 76% for ACFTOR-BCG and FAC-BCG, respectively. Durations of response were 12 months and 14 months for ACFTOR-BCG and FAC-BCG (p = 0.53). The median survival of responders was 22 and 23.9 months, respectively. Substantial toxicity was observed with Ftorafur: nausea and vomiting severe enough to cause weight loss was observed in a substantially higher fraction of the patients treated with this drug than with 5-FU. Other side-effects, which were not observed with the 5-FU combination, were somnolence, dizziness, personality changes, tremor, ataxia, and confusion. No differences in myelosuppressive toxicity were observed between the two combinations, and the incidence of infectious complications was identical. The combination of Ftorafur, Adriamycin, cyclophosphamide and BCG did not offer any advantages with respect to increased effectiveness or reduced toxicity over the FAC-BCG regimen in breast carcinoma.
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PMID:Ftorafur, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide and BCG in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. 38 55

Twenty-one patients with progressing colorectal carcinoma previously treated with 5-FU were given a combination of 5-FU, adriamycin, and mitomycin C in an attempt to produce an objective response. No response was observed; 24% of patients had an arrest of their disease for a median of 18 weeks. 5-FU, adriamycin, and mitomycin C in combination failed to produce a response in patients with colorectal carcinoma previously treated with 5-FU.
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PMID:Adriamycin, mitomycin C, and 5-fluorouracil in combination for advanced colorectal adenocarcinoma previously treated with 5-fluorouracil. 39 67

One hundred six patients with histologically confirmed pancreatic carcinoma were randomized to one of three radiation treatment programs: 1) radiation therapy alone to 6000 rads; 2) 6000 rads plus 6-FU; or, 3) 4000 rads plus 5-FU. Patient survival was the primary study parameter. Both 4000 rads plus 5-FU (p less than .02) and 6000 rads plus 5-FU (p less than .01) were associated with a significantly longer patient survival than 6000 rads alone. Respective median survivals were 36 weeks, 40 weeks, and 20 weeks. The survival difference between 4000 rads plus 5-FU and 6000 rads plus 5-FU was not statistically significant at the time point selected.
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PMID:A multi-institutional comparative trial of radiation therapy alone and in combination with 5-fluorouracil for locally unresectable pancreatic carcinoma. The Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group. 42 53

Intralesional injection of 5-fluorouracil has recently been reported as a possible method of treatment for an assortment of benign and malignant cutaneous neoplasms. We report the development of squamous-cell carcinoma within a basal-cell epithelioma that was treated with intralesional injections of 5-FU.
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PMID:Squamous-cell carcinoma arising in a basal-cell epithelioma treated with 5-fluorouracil. 45 6

In a retrospective study, 58 patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma received one or more 5-day infusions of 5-FU at 20 mg/kg per 24 hours followed by weekly IV 5-FU at 15 mg/kg. In 36 patients who received the infusion as first treatment (Group A), the response rate was 23% with a median duration of response of 8.0 months. No improvement in survival was noted. In 22 patients treated with the infusion after relapse on weekly 5-FU (Group B), the response rate was 10.5% with a median duration response of 4.5 months. Stable disease for 3-6 months was seen in 21%. Survival in Group B was improved when compared with a similar group of patients treated by weekly 5-FU without infusion (Group CB), but statistical significance was not obtained. Twenty percent of patients were alive two years after relapsing on weekly 5-FU when given the five-day infusion 5-FU and re-initiated on weekly 5-FU. Toxicity to the five-day infusion of 5-FU was minimal. Three of 69 (4.3%) infusions were not completed because of toxicity. A separate review of procarbazine indicated that it was minimally active in colorectal carcinoma. Other patients with gastric and pancreatic carcinoma were reviewed but no statistical significance for 5-FU infusion was seen for survival. A five day continuous infusion of 5-FU is recommended for colorectal cancer patients who relapse on weekly 5-FU therapy. Further study of the infusion in combination with other chemotherapy is warranted.
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PMID:Five-day continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil for advanced colorectal, gastric, and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. 45 16


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