Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human placental annexin I and annexin II were shown to be glycosylated by one-dimensional affinity blotting with the lectin concanavalin A, which recognizes D-mannose and D-glucose residues. Further evidence that annexin I and annexin II are glycosylated was provided by the finding that these proteins incorporated D-[2,6-3H]mannose and D-[6-3H]glucose when they were biosynthesized by the human squamous carcinoma cell line SqCC/Y1. Annexin I and annexin II could be rapidly purified from a human placental membrane extract by concanavalin A-Sepharose, which indicated that these proteins contain two biantennary mannosyl residues.
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PMID:Glycosylation of annexin I and annexin II. 144 99

Androgen receptors have been found in human larynx and androgens have been supposed to play an important role in promoting the growth of laryngeal carcinomas. The molecular mechanism underlaying this phenomenon is not at all understood. Aim of this work was to investigate the effects of two androgens (testosterone and dihydrotestosterone) on insulin receptor mRNA levels and insulin binding activity as well as on either metabolic or growth-promoting actions of insulin in a human larynx carcinoma cell line (HEp-2). We found that HEp-2 cells express a high affinity insulin receptor. Both androgens significantly increase insulin receptor mRNA levels and insulin receptor number in HEp-2 cells. Insulin action, evaluated either as total glucose utilization or as [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA, significantly increased in HEp-2 treated with androgens in comparison to control cultures. Altogether, our data allow us to speculate that the increased insulin effectiveness we observed in the larynx carcinoma cell line HEp-2 after androgen treatment might be involved in the regulation of larynx cancer cells growth.
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PMID:Androgens increase insulin receptor mRNA levels, insulin binding, and insulin responsiveness in HEp-2 larynx carcinoma cells. 151 77

In the United States, approximately one million patients each year develop a pleural effusion. Pleural effusions have classically been divided into transudative and exudative pleural effusions. A transudative pleural effusion occurs when the systemic factors influencing pleural fluid formation and reabsorption are altered so that pleural fluid accumulates; an exudative pleural effusion occurs when the local factors influencing pleural fluid formation and reabsorption are altered, allowing accumulation of pleural fluid. The leading causes of transudative pleural effusions are left ventricular failure and cirrhosis with ascites. The leading causes of exudative pleural effusions are pneumonia, malignancy, and pulmonary embolization. Transudative pleural effusions can be differentiated from exudative pleural effusions by measurement of the pleural fluid protein and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. The ratio of the pleural fluid protein to the serum protein is less than 0.5, the ratio of the pleural fluid LDH to the serum LDH is less than 0.6, and the absolute value of the pleural fluid LDH level is less than two thirds of the upper normal limit for serum with transudative pleural effusions while at least one of these criteria is not met with exudative effusions. Most patients who have a pleural effusion with congestive heart failure have left ventricular failure. It is believed that the transudation of the pulmonary interstitial fluid across the visceral pleura overwhelms the capacity of the lymphatics to remove the fluid. Most patients with cirrhosis who have a pleural effusion also have ascites. It is also believed that the pleural effusions form when fluid moves directly from the peritoneal cavity into the pleural cavity through pores in the diaphragm. Approximately 40% of patients with pneumonia will have a pleural effusion. If these patients have a significant amount of pleural fluid, a diagnostic thoracentesis should be performed. Chest tubes should be inserted if the pleural fluid is gross pus, if the Gram stain of the pleural fluid is positive, if the pleural fluid glucose level is below 40 mg/dl, or if the pleural fluid pH level is less than 7.00. If drainage with the chest tubes is unsatisfactory, either streptokinase or urokinase should be injected intrapleurally. If drainage is still unsatisfactory, a decortication should be considered. The three leading malignancies that have an associated pleural effusion are breast carcinoma, lung carcinoma, lymphomas and leukemias. The diagnosis of pleural malignancy is made most commonly with pleural fluid cytology; in recent years immunohistochemical tests have proved invaluable in differentiating benign from malignant pleural effusions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Pleural diseases. 157 32

21 patients were followed by positron-emission-tomography (PET) FDG (18Flourdeoxyglucose) uptake, physical examination, CT and CEA levels after combined photon-neutron irradiation for inoperable recurrent rectal carcinoma. In order to evaluate the response to radiotherapy symptomatic relief, CEA levels, decrease of tumor volume measured by CT analysis were correlated with the FDG-uptake. The objective of this study was also to investigate if the level of FDG-uptake prior to radiotherapy or the early decrease after therapy can be used as a prognostic factor. Prior to radiotherapy sacral pain was the predominant symptom. All malignancies showed measurable tumor masses, evaluation of CEA levels and enhanced tracer accumulation of FDG in the PET cross section. The mean FDG-uptake before radiotherapy was 2.3 +/- 1.1 (range 1.1 to 5.0) in 21 patients in contrast to 1.9 +/- 0.7 (range 0.8 bis 4.0) three months after radiotherapy. In six patients FDG concentration values decreased to the range of normal soft tissue, moreover, two of them relapsed after six and 22 months. Elevated FDG-uptake of the sacral bone was noted in PET cross sections in two patients, while there was no evidence of osseous alterations in CT. Normal levels of CEA were achieved in 14 patients and complete or partial pain relief in 20 of 21 patients. A decrease of tumor volume of more than 50% was detected in the follow-up CT scans of three patients but no complete remission was found. The result suggests that enhanced glucose uptake is associated with recurrent rectal cancer. However, enhanced glycolytic activity is related not only to malignant cells but also to all proliferating cells. To distinguish between proliferation, repair, inflammation, and residual viable tumor cells is not possible and may be responsible for an unchanged or elevated FDG-uptake after radiotherapy.
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PMID:Therapy monitoring of presacral recurrences after high-dose irradiation: value of PET, CT, CEA and pain score. 157 69

Glucagon and the glucagon-like peptides play important roles in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Previous studies have demonstrated that approximately 1300 base pairs of rat glucagon gene 5'-flanking sequences direct transgene expression to the pancreas and brain, but not to the intestine, of transgenic mice. These observations suggested that different tissue-specific enhancer elements mediate activation of glucagon gene transcription in the pancreas and intestine. We have now generated mice that express SV40 large T antigen under the control of approximately 2000 base pairs of glucagon gene 5'-flanking sequences. Transgene expression was observed in the brain and pancreas in association with the development of pancreatic endocrine tumors. In contrast to the mice described previously, we also detected transgene expression throughout the gastrointestinal tract in endocrine cells of the stomach and small and large intestine. Focal areas of enteroendocrine cell hyperplasia in the large bowel invariably progressed to invasive and metastasizing plurihormonal endocrine carcinoma, which was clinically and pathologically evident by 4 weeks of age. In contrast, transgene expression in the small bowel and stomach was not associated with progression to either hyperplasia or carcinoma. The results of these studies provide functional evidence for the existence of an upstream cis-acting regulatory domain that directs glucagon gene transcription to the endocrine cells of the intestine in transgenic mice.
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PMID:Glucagon gene 5'-flanking sequences direct expression of simian virus 40 large T antigen to the intestine, producing carcinoma of the large bowel in transgenic mice. 158 47

Effects of 50% ethanolic extracts from the liver and the gall bladder of Naja naja kaouthia Lesson (COB-L or COB-G) were studied on the phagocytic activity of a mouse reticuloendothelial system. The clearance-rate of carbon was shortened by the oral administration of COB-L or COB-G (50 or 200 mg/kg). COB-L or COB-G promoted the phagocytosis of latex by peritoneal macrophages (M phi). Furthermore, effects of these extracts on the peritoneal M phi were biochemically investigated using in vitro experimental models. The activities of two lysosomal enzymes, acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase, and that of lactate dehydrogenase in the peritoneal M phi were enhanced when the M phi were cultured with COB-L or COB-G (10-100 micrograms/ml) for 4 d. In addition, the consumption of glucose in the culture media by the M phi was also enhanced by culturing the media with COB-L or COB-G. When COB-L and COB-G were given orally immediately before and 16 h after the application of picryl chloride (PC) or sheep red blood cell (SRBC), these extracts at a dose of 200 mg/kg did not show any inhibitory effects on the swelling by picryl chloride-inducing contact dermatitis (PC-CD) and by sheep red blood cell delayed type hypersensitivity (SRBC-DTH) in mice. However, these extracts inhibited the immunosuppression with the SRBC 1 x 10(9) cells priming and with the frozen and dried ascites of Ehrlich carcinoma-bearing mice containing immunosupressive substances (EC-sup). These results suggest that COB-L or COB-G biochemically activates the mouse peritoneal M phi, and promotes the phagocytic activity of the M phi and the interaction between M phi and T cell.
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PMID:[Pharmacological study on Naja naja kaouthia Lesson. III. Effects of 50% ethanolic extracts from liver and gall bladder on phagocytic activity of mouse reticuloendothelial system]. 160 42

We experienced 41 cases of Cushing's syndrome (12 males and 29 females, 15 years old - 65 years old) during the last 20 years. These included 20 patients with unilateral adrenal adenoma (Cushing's syndrome), 19 patients with bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (Cushing's disease), one patient with adrenal carcinoma and one patient with primary adrenocortical nodular dysplasia (PAND). Moreover, these cases included some special ones, i.e. 5 cases with destructive thyroiditis after treatment, 2 cases with aggravation of arthritis after treatment, a case of Carney's complex with PAND, one case with paradoxical response to dexamethasone, and one case combined with empty sella syndrome. The most specific clinical signs were moon face (95% occurrence), hypertension (95%) and subcutaneous bruising (80%). Other significant signs were eye edema (66%), buffalo hump (68%), subcutaneous purpura (63%) and osteoporosis (49%). Skin striae was not a common sign in our cases (41%). Renal stone was observed in only 20% of our patients but was a significant sign in this syndrome. There was no difference in the occurrence of each clinical sign between Cushing's syndrome and Cushing's disease. The elevation of white blood cell count (WBC) and serum sodium, a decrease of serum potassium, and a decrease of reabsorption of phosphate (%TRP) were observed. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and human growth hormone (HGH) were suppressed in patients with Cushing's syndrome and patients with Cushing's disease. These results were consistent with those of previous reports. However, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin (PRL) were high in those patients with Cushing's syndrome and those with Cushing's disease. Oral glucose tolerance test was carried out in 34 patients before and after treatment. Thirty-one percent of those had diabetes mellitus and 26% had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). The response of IRI in this test was high in patients with Cushing's syndrome and patients with Cushing's disease, and decreased 4 weeks after treatment in those with Cushing's syndrome but remained high in those with Cushing's disease. Plasma ACTH level and urinary 17-OHCS excretion were significantly higher in Cushing's disease than in Cushing's syndrome. During an 8mg-high-dose dexamethasone suppression test, urinary 17-OHCS excretion in 13 of 14 patients with Cushing's disease (93%) was suppressed by more than 50% of baseline on the second day of testing. However, all of 18 patients with Cushing's syndrome, who had an 8mg-dexamethasone suppression test, failed to suppress urinary 17-OHCS by 50% of baseline.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Forty-one cases of Cushing's syndrome: a comparison between Cushing's syndrome (adrenal adenoma) and Cushing's disease (adrenal hyperplasia)]. 163 31

We have previously demonstrated immunolocalization of antikeratin antibodies in apparently random subpopulations of malignant cells in fresh surgical specimens of breast carcinoma (S. H. Dairkee and A. J. Hackett, 1988, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 80, 1216-1220). The goal of the present study was to determine whether deficiencies in essential nutrients contribute toward cellular alterations in membrane integrity, consequently allowing antikeratin to bind to the cytoskeleton within live, unfixed cells. We have demonstrated here that in an in vitro model in which human mammary epithelial cells are subjected to an oxygen-glucose gradient, immunolocalization of antikeratin within the cells is observed in a dose-dependent manner in the depleted regions of the gradient, even though the cells appear to be morphologically unaltered. The potential use of antibodies to intracellular antigens for immunotargeting solid tumors and the use of this method in antibody-loading studies toward understanding functional aspects of specific cellular antigens, as well as determining differential response of various cell types under these culture conditions, are discussed.
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PMID:Accessibility to intracellular antigens within nutritionally deprived human mammary epithelial cells. 170 25

In Hank's balanced salt solution EL-4 ascites thymoma cells possessed endogenous respiration which was sufficient for the maintenance of their ATP level: pH decrease down to 6.0 had no effect either on endogenous respiration or the ATP level. Glucose had no influence on the respiration of EL-4 cells but inhibited that of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells by 40% (Crabtree effect); respiration of the both cell lines was strongly (4-fold) inhibited after simultaneous addition of glucose, lactate and pH decrease. EL-4 cells had no endogenous glycolysis; EAC cells showed a low level of glycolysis only after pH decrease. Glucose addition led to activation of glycolysis (both inhibited 2-fold after a decrease of pH down to 6.0. The respiration inhibition at pH 7.3 and 6.0 caused no decrease of ATP depletion when glucose was present in the medium; this result may be due to suppression of ATP consumption. Incubation of EL-4 cells under respiration and glycolysis deficiency conditions resulted in a sharp ATP depletion; pH decrease delayed this depletion.
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PMID:[Change in energy metabolism of ascites cancer cells with a decrease in pH]. 174 27

The uptake of 18F-Deoxyglucose (FDG) was studied in vivo in relation to the proliferation rate of human head and neck tumors. Forty-two patients with histologically proven squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck and four patients with metastases of head and neck tumors were examined with PET and FDG prior to surgery. In 35 of these patients, a flow cytometric analysis of the DNA content and the proliferation rate was done using one-dimensional flow cytometry rate was done using one-dimensional flow cytometry (DAPI staining). In 17 cases, perfusion studies with 15O-labeled water were performed. Twenty-seven specimens were evaluable by flow cytometry. The analysis of the distribution of the FDG uptake revealed two groups, showing a high and a lower uptake pattern. In both groups the FDG uptake and the proliferation rate were correlated with an r-value of 0.64 and 0.8 respectively. However, the slope of the regression function was flat. No correlation was found between the perfusion and the proliferation rate. It is suggested that these differences in uptake in histologically identical tumor populations may correspond to differences at the molecular level, e.g., differences in the amount of the glucose carrier, perhaps caused by oncogenic transformation.
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PMID:Glucose uptake, perfusion, and cell proliferation in head and neck tumors: relation of positron emission tomography to flow cytometry. 186 78


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