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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The undifferentiated carcinoma cell line (HMG) was established from a nude mouse tumor which had been produced by transplantation of a intraperitoneal tumor of 27-year-old woman. The HMG cell line has the following biological properties. 1. The HMG cells are round to oval in shape and grow as floating cell aggregates like a rouleau or a cluster of grapes. 2. 100 passages have been carried out over a year, and the population doubling time is about 17 hrs. 3. In the original tumor, keratin and vimentin were expressed simultaneously, in HMG cells, however, only localization of vimentin was confirmed. 4. By chromosomal analysis, over 90% of the cells revealed 46, XX, with no karyological abnormalities, at passage 82. 5. When heterotransplanted into the subcutis of a nude mouse, HMG cells produced a undifferentiated carcinoma resembling the original tumor.
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PMID:[Establishment and characterization of a human undifferentiated carcinoma cell line (HMG)]. 172 Mar 29

By indirect immunofluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy, we studied the behavior of intermediate filaments during mitosis in three human epithelial cell lines, derived from normal epidermis (PcaSE-1, from a cancer patient), stratified epithelium (CNE, from nasopharyngeal carcinoma) and simple epithelium (SPC-A-1 from lung adenocarcinoma) respectively. CNE cells and SPC-A-1 cells express two different intermediate filament systems; keratin filaments and vimentin filaments, but PcaSE-1 cells only express keratin filaments. The keratin filament system in PcaSE-1 cells remained intact and encircled the developing mitotic spindle as the cells entered mitosis. In contrast, in CNE cells and SPC-A-1 cells, keratin filaments appeared to disassemble into amorphous cytoplasmic bodies during mitosis. However, their vimentin filaments remained morphologically intact throughout mitosis. We propose; (1) The disassembly of keratin filaments in mitotic epithelial cells is more or less associated with the degree of their cell malignancy rather than with the abundance of keratin filaments in interphase. (2) Intermediate filaments may be involved in the positioning and/or centering of the spindle during mitosis. (3) The possible function of vimentin filament system in CNE cells is positioning and orientation of chromosomes.
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PMID:[Behavior of intermediate filaments in human epithelial cells during mitosis]. 172 56

Clinicopathologic analyses including immunohistochemical, morphometric, virologic, and DNA ploidy studies were performed on seven cases of small cell (undifferentiated) carcinoma (SCC) and 13 cases of small cell squamous carcinoma (SCSC) of the uterine cervix in an attempt to evaluate which criteria are the most useful in identifying aggressive cervical carcinomas composed of small cells. Highly malignant behavior was found to correlate most closely with the histologic pattern of the tumor. Diffuse infiltration by round to spindle-shaped cells with hyperchromatic nuclei similar to small cell carcinoma in other organs correlated with a high frequency of lymph node metastasis and tumor recurrence. In contrast, tumors with well-defined nests similar to large cell nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma were associated with low rates of lymph node metastasis and recurrence. Although there were trends in the distribution of neuroendocrine and cytokeratin immunohistochemical markers, frequency of detection of HPV 16 and 18 DNA sequences, and ploidy patterns, these features showed considerable overlap and none assisted in consistently separating these two types of neoplasms. Consideration of several features, however, could assist in the differential diagnosis. Women with SCC tended to be younger (mean age 36 yr) compared to women with SCSC (mean age 50 yr). A squamous intraepithelial lesion, i.e., cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, was present in association with 60% of SCSC but was not found in any case of SCC. Tumors positive for keratin and negative for neuroendocrine markers were invariably SCSC, whereas those negative for keratin and positive for neuroendocrine markers were always SCC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Evaluation of histologic, morphometric, and immunohistochemical criteria in the differential diagnosis of small cell carcinomas of the cervix with particular reference to human papillomavirus types 16 and 18. 172 42

Five cases of spindle cell squamous carcinoma of the thyroid associated with tall cell papillary carcinoma were examined. The unusual spindle cell squamous carcinoma in these cases resembles those previously described in other sites, including the breast and oropharynx. Three patients demonstrated concurrent spindle cell squamous anaplastic carcinoma and tall cell papillary carcinoma at initial diagnosis, whereas two patients developed concurrent tumor morphologies subsequent to initial diagnoses of only papillary carcinoma. The mean age of the patients was 77 yr, with a female:male ratio of 4:1. Thyroglobulin immunoreactivity was demonstrated in the tall cell papillary component of each case but was absent in both the squamous and spindle cell components. Low molecular weight cytokeratin immunoreactivity was strongly and diffusely present in the tall cell papillary and squamous components, whereas the spindle cell areas demonstrated only focal weak to negative reactivity. Only the squamous cell component demonstrated consistent immunoreactivity with high-molecular-weight keratin antibodies. These unusual tumors have not been previously described in the thyroid, and the association of spindle cell squamous anaplastic carcinoma with tall cell papillary carcinoma in five independent cases may indicate a particular relationship.
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PMID:Spindle cell squamous carcinoma of the thyroid: an unusual anaplastic tumor associated with tall cell papillary cancer. 172 43

Immunoreactivity of monoclonal anti-cytokeratin KL1, PKK1, K8.12 and anti-actin antibodies in 101 cases of diseased human breast lesions showed irregular keratin distribution in luminal cells of terminal ductal-lobular unit and basal layer cells of the interlobular and main duct. Actin staining was confined to myoepithelial cells. Benign lesions showed great heterogeneity in luminal cells of the terminal ductal-lobular units. Breast carcinoma showed a reduced staining for keratins, heterogeneity of keratin expression was found in solid tubular carcinoma, and actin was usually absent: however, papillo-ductal or comedo type had actin positive myoepithelial cells around carcinoma foci.
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PMID:Heterogeneity of keratin expression and actin distribution in benign and malignant mammary diseases. 172 60

The relationship between histological type and immunohistological findings was studied in total 141 cases of resected lung cancer. Adenocarcinoma was cytologically subtyped according to the ultrastructural findings. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on paraffin-embedding tissue using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), keratin, secretory component (SC), neuron specific enolase (NSE), lysozyme (Ly) and lactoferrin (La). Adenocarcinoma stained strongly positive with antibody against CEA and SC. There was no statistical difference among the different subtypes of adenocarcinoma, but in the cases of clara cell type, CEA staining was less intense and in goblet cell type, the intensity of SC staining was great. Goblet cell type characteristically stained positively with anti-Ly antibody, and Ly was a specific marker for differentiating adenocarcinoma of goblet cell type. La was positive not only in bronchial gland cell type, but also in other subtypes in adenocarcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma showed more intense staining with anti-keratin antibody than other histological types. Small cell carcinoma extensively stained with anti-NSE antibody, but some of the other histological types also stained positively. NSE was a relatively good marker for small cell carcinoma but was not specific. It is concluded that immunohistochemical examination is a useful method for differentiation of different histological types of lung cancer.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical findings in resected lung cancer]. 175 99

The cell-cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin is specifically expressed in epithelia and is involved in the maintenance of the epithelial phenotype. Expression of E-cadherin is downregulated in many poorly differentiated carcinomas, which leads to higher motility and invasiveness of the cells. To examine the mechanisms that regulate tissue-specific expression, we have characterized the promoter of the E-cadherin gene. We found that an upstream fragment (positions -178 to +92) mediates strong expression of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene in epithelial cells (i.e., 60% of the level obtained with simian virus 40 promoter/enhancer constructs), whereas in nonepithelial cells this promoter was either inactive or much less active. By DNase I footprinting and gel retardation analysis as well as through functional dissection of the regulatory sequences, we identified two regions that contribute to tissue-specific activity of the promoter: (i) a G-C-rich region between -25 and -58 that generates basic epithelial promoter activity, most likely in combination with an "initiator" element present at the single transcription start site of the gene, and (ii) a palindromic sequence between -75 and -86 (named E-pal) that potentiates the activity of the proximal E-cadherin promoter and confers epithelial cell-specific activity on a simian virus 40 promoter. The E-pal sequence is homologous to cis regulatory elements active in keratin gene promoters and competes with these elements for nuclear factor binding. Interestingly, the activity of the E-cadherin promoter was reduced in dedifferentiated breast carcinoma cells, indicating that the identified elements are subject to negative regulation during tumor progression.
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PMID:The E-cadherin promoter: functional analysis of a G.C-rich region and an epithelial cell-specific palindromic regulatory element. 176 63

Laryngeal keratosis (LK) is a precancerous mucosal change with great similarity to oral leukoplakia. Its malignant transformation rate varies from 1% to 40%, with the highest rates being found in patients microscopically diagnosed as "keratosis with atypia" (KWA). Recent evidence indicates that even cases with only mild or moderate epithelial dysplasias are at increased risk for malignant transformation, with the highest rates occurring in patients with more severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ. Approximately 81% of LK patients are men and the average age at diagnosis is 50 years, a decade younger than that for laryngeal carcinoma patients. A high proportion of LK patients are tobacco smokers (84%) and alcohol abusers (at least 35%). LK is almost always found on the true vocal cords and is usually bilateral (67%). Clinical signs of high risk include, in decreasing order of importance: erythroplakia, surface granularity, increased keratin thickness, increased size, recurrence after conservative removal, and long duration. The annual incidence of LK in the United States is 10.2 and 2.1 lesions per 100,000 males and females, respectively.
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PMID:Laryngeal precancer: a review of the literature, commentary, and comparison with oral leukoplakia. 179 Nov 44

Loss of cell-cell adhesion in carcinoma cells may be an important step in the acquisition of an invasive, metastatic phenotype. We have examined the expression of the epithelial-specific cell adhesion molecule uvomorulin (E-cadherin, cell-CAM 120/80, L-CAM) in human breast cancer cell lines. We find that fibroblastoid, highly invasive, vimentin-expressing breast cancer cell lines do not express uvomorulin. Of the more epithelial-appearing, less invasive, keratin-expressing breast cancer cell lines, some express uvomorulin, and some do not. We examined the morphologies of the cell lines in the reconstituted basement membrane matrix Matrigel and measured the ability of the cells to traverse a Matrigel-coated filter as in vitro models for detachment of carcinoma cells from neighboring cells and invasion through basement membrane into surrounding tissue. Colonies of uvomorulin-positive cells have a characteristic fused appearance in Matrigel, whereas uvomorulin-negative cells appear detached. Cells which are uvomorulin negative and vimentin positive have a stellate morphology in Matrigel. We show that uvomorulin is responsible for the fused colony morphology in Matrigel since treatment of uvomorulin-positive MCF-7 cells with an antibody to uvomorulin caused the cells to detach from one another but did not induce invasiveness in these cells, as measured by their ability to cross a Matrigel-coated polycarbonate filter in a modified Boyden chamber assay. Two uvomorulin-negative, vimentin-negative cell lines are also not highly invasive as measured by this assay. We suggest that loss of uvomorulin-mediated cell-cell adhesion may be one of many changes involved in the progression of a carcinoma cell to an invasive phenotype.
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PMID:Cell adhesion molecule uvomorulin expression in human breast cancer cell lines: relationship to morphology and invasive capacities. 179 31

Monoclonal antibodies to keratin, vimentin, leukocyte common antigen (LCA) and S-100 protein have been used in fine needle aspirates of 35 metastatic malignant melanomas, 136 carcinomas, 35 sarcomas and 82 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in search for immunocytochemical criteria useful in differential diagnosis of melanoma versus carcinoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and sarcoma. All melanomas expressed vimentin and did not express keratin. Six of 14 melanomas contained S-100 protein. All carcinomas were keratin positive. Some were also vimentin positive. All sarcomas expressed vimentin. Synovial sarcomas were also keratin positive. All NHLs were vimentin positive, keratin negative. All NHLs except one expressed also LCA. It is concluded that keratin, vimentin and LCA are useful markers in differential diagnosis of malignant melanoma versus carcinoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in fine needle aspirates when used together with morphologic and clinical data. However, in differential diagnosis of malignant melanoma and sarcoma these markers are of little use.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical criteria in the differential diagnosis of malignant melanoma versus carcinoma, lymphoma and sarcoma in fine needle aspirates. 184 82


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