Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-BB) measured by mass was used to determine its value in the early diagnosis of prostatic cancer. Sera of patients with prostatic carcinoma of various stages (treated and untreated) were compared to normal male sera and sera of patients with benign hyperplasia of the prostate (BPH) with respect to CK-BB. The sera were simultaneously tested for PAP content. The sensitivity of the CK-BB-RIA was 1.63 +/- 0.08 microgram/1 and reproducibility in the higher and lower concentration range 7.6% and 10.5%, respectively. CK-BB alone or in combination with PAP is no marker for early detection of prostatic cancer. In individual cases changes occurred similar to those found with a malignant growth of the prostate.
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PMID:Creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-BB) in combination to prostatic acid phosphatase measured by RIA in the diagnosis of prostatic cancer. 618 May 39

In this report, 141 patients with gastric cancer were studied histochemically. Tissue CEA was stained by the CEA-PAP method and the gastric cancer was classified into CEA-producing (96 cases, 68.1%) and CEA non-producing gastric cancer (45 cases, 31.9%). Histologically, CEA-producing gastric cancer was well differentiated adenocarcinoma and CEA non-producing gastric cancer was chiefly undifferentiated carcinoma. PAS, pH 2.5 Alcian-blue, High Iron Diamine, Alkaline-PAS, and Concanavalin A paradoxical stain were applied to specimens from each type of gastric carcinoma. Mucosubstances of CEA-producing gastric cancer were positive for A-B, HID, AL-PAS and CPS III-1; those of CEA non-producing gastric cancer were positive for PAS and CPS III-s, but negative for A-B, HID and A1-PAS. These results suggest that CEA-producing gastric cancer arises from intestinal metaplasia of gastric mucosa and that CEA non-producing gastric cancer arises from the gastric mucosa itself.
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PMID:[Mucohistochemical studies of CEA producing and non-producing stomach cancers]. 619 17

The usefulness of a new specific immunoenzymatic assay for the prostatic acid phosphatase for diagnosis and monitoring of prostatic carcinoma has been investigated. The results include 200 healthy men without urologic anamnesis, 50 patients suffering from prostatic adenoma, and 152 patients with prostatic carcinoma. Out of 152 patients with prostatic carcinoma 110 were so-called therapy-responders and 42 were patients with progression of prostatic cancer. The immunoenzymatic assay for PAP shows good results for the separation of patients with progressive prostatic carcinoma, from those patients with a stationary prostatic cancer as well as for monitoring of prostatic carcinoma. The diagnostic value of the test has been found significantly higher than that of previous tests with different substrates. As this method allows the direct measurement of the activity of the specific prostatic acid phosphatase in U/l there is no need to run a standard-curve. It is recommended to use different "normal ranges" for patients with and without therapy. For monitoring mainly intraindividual studies are requested.
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PMID:[Significance of an immunoenzyme assay of the prostate-specific acid phosphatase (PAP) (E.C.3.1.3.2.) in prostatic carcinoma. Methods and initial clinical results]. 619 96

In 32 cases of non-seminoma germinal tumours of the testis, correlations were established between the presence in situ of beta HCG and alpha foetoprotein, as demonstrated by the PAP immuno-peroxidase technique, the results of serum radioimmunological assays and the clinical course of the disease. It appeared that beta HCG-secreting mononucleate cells were present side by side with multinucleate syncytiotrophoblastic cells and that the immunohistological technique gave "earlier" results than the radioimmunological assays. The demonstration by this technique, in stage II dysgerminomas, of a cryptocellular trophoblastic carcinoma with beta HCG-secreting mononucleate cells indicates a highly malignant germinal tumour.
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PMID:[Prognostic value of extraembryonic components in testicular dysgerminoma (seminoma excluded)]. 619 12

The PAP immunocytochemical technique utilizing specific keratin antibody was applied to paraffin sections from 36 cervical biopsies. Normal squamous epithelium and condylomas had similar patterns of keratin production with intense staining of intermediate and upper layers, while basal cells remained negative. Dysplasia, carcinoma in situ and infiltrating squamous carcinoma showed uneven distribution of keratin with the least amount seen in the areas with high mitotic rate and anaplasia. All large cell squamous carcinomas demonstrated presence of significant amounts of keratin. Squamous carcinomas of the small cell type were essentially keratin-free.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical localization of keratin in normal, dysplastic and neoplastic cervical epithelium. 620 13

A histological review of 72 undifferentiated thyroid tumors was performed in order to discover small cell anaplastic carcinomas and Non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Cases suspected to be lymphoma were examined for the presence of Ig and keratin and lectins with a PAP-procedure. Among the 72 cases, 68 (94,5%) were anaplastic carcinomas of various types. Four cases (5,5%) were diffuse small cell tumors, which had previously been regarded as anaplastic carcinomas. All four could be identified as Non-Hodgkin lymphomas by histology, immunohistochemistry, repeat biopsy or autopsy. The findings suggest that the majority of small cell anaplastic thyroid tumors are lymphomas and that true anaplastic small cell carcinoma of the thyroid must be extremely rare. Its diagnosis requires electronmicroscopy and/or immunohistochemistry to demonstrate the epithelial nature of tumor cells.
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PMID:Undifferentiated thyroid tumors of diffuse small cell type. Histological and immunohistochemical evidence for their lymphomatous nature. 620 59

Eighteen cases of heptocellular carcinoma from the People's Republic of China were investigated for the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and tumor cells. The Sternberger-PAP immunoperoxidase technique utilizing monospecific antibody to HBsAg and a modified orcein method demonstrated cytoplasmic HBsAg in hepatocytes of 15 cases (83.3%) and tumor cells of 3 cases (16.7%). Thirteen of these cases were also investigated for HBs antigenemia and of these 11 were positive (84.6%). These hepatomas were often associated with macronodular cirrhosis and/or a persistent inflammatory process in the hepatic parenchyma. The high association of HBsAg and hepatoma indicates that the hepatitis B virus plays an important role in the pathogenesis of this malignancy in China. It is concluded that a major public health effort to eradicate endemic hepatitis B infection is the most reasonable way to decrease the incidence of this cancer, which is common in China.
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PMID:Hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatocellular carcinoma in the People's Republic of China. 625 65

The distribution of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was investigated in sections of 131 paraffin-embedded brain neoplasms obtained at surgery or at autopsy. The unlabeled antibody immunoperoxidase (peroxidase-antiperoxidase, PAP) method was used. Equally good results were obtained from 17-year-old material and from recent material derived at surgery or autopsy and fixed with Bouin fluid or phosphate-buffered formalin. The perikaryons and processes of reactive astrocytes showed the most intense stain for GFAP. Positive reaction to antibody against GFAP of varying intensity was demonstrated in astrocytomas of various grades of malignancy (32 of 32), glioblastoma multiforme (10 of 10), subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (1 of 1), ependymoma (2 of 10), subependymoma (4 of 4), and astrocytes in mixed neoplasms (8 of 8). In two neoplasms diagnosed as malignant astrocytomas and in four neoplasms diagnosed as glioblastoma multiforme, GFAP stain was limited to a few neoplastic cells. Usually the stain was more intense over processes than in perikaryons, with the exception of gemistocytic astrocytomas and the giant cells in glioblastoma multiforme, which showed an equally intense stain over perikaryons and processes. The periphery of Rosenthal fibers was intensely positive for GFAP. In astrocytic neoplasms the number of GFAP-positive cells and the intensity of the stain were inversely proportional to the degree of malignancy. In the following neoplasms the reaction for GFAP was negative: oligodendroglioma (3), oligodendroblastoma (1), medulloblastoma (3), medulloepithelioma (1), neuroblastoma (1), pineocytoma (1), typical teratoma of the pineal (1), fibrosarcoma (1), pituitary adenoma (2), craniopharyngioma (1), chordoma (1), chemodectoma of globus jugulare (1), metastatic carcinoma (17), and lymphoma (8). In one of 18 meningiomas, endogenous peroxidase activity was seen in mast cells. All meningiomas studied were negative for GFAP. In one of six neurinomas a positive reaction for GFAP was detected over processes. The authors concluded that the immunostain for GFAP is useful in the diagnoses of astrocytic neoplasms and of mixed gliomas.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical study of the glial fibrillary acidic protein in human neoplasms of the central nervous system. 628 Nov 68

Three meningotheliomatous meningiomas showed prominent formation of hyaline inclusions (pseudopsammoma bodies). Immunocytochemical examination by means of indirect immunofluorescence and PAP techniques demonstrated strong labeling of these inclusions by antisera to human secretory component (SC), immunoglobulin (Ig) A and IgM. A similar staining pattern was found in intracytoplasmic globules of a metastatic carcinoma. Hyaline structures of various types in atypical, psammomatous, and hemangiopericytic meningiomas were not stained with the antisera employed. By histochemical, immunocytochemical, and ultrastructural criteria, pseudopsammoma bodies in meningiomas are identical with intracytoplasmic inclusions of some epithelial neoplasms, especially of mammary and gastric carcinomas. Our study strongly corroborates Kepes' (1961, 1975) concept of secretory differentiation in meningiomas, and demonstrates an epithelial character at least of some meningiomas.
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PMID:Hyaline inclusions (Pseudopsammoma bodies) in meningiomas: immunocytochemical demonstration of epithel-like secretion of secretory component and immunoglobulins A and M. 628 79

Two cases of malignant fibrohistiocytoma (MFH) of the mammary gland are presented. Patient No. 1 had been previously locally irradiated for an infiltrating duct carcinoma (5600 rads) 5 years earlier. Prognosis of postirradiation MFH was poor and the patient died within the first year after diagnosis of the second malignancy. The primary MFH (Case No. 2) is free of disease after a 5-year follow-up period, having been submitted to a radical mastectomy. Histological appearance is in accordance with previously published cases. No marked differences existed between both cases at optical level. Lysozyme (PAP technique) was observed within isolated histiocytes. Electron microscopy distinguished up to 4 different cell types within the neoplasm: fibroblasts, histiocytes, mixed cells of fibro-histiocytic appearance, and more immature blastemal cells. Transitional forms existed among them.
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PMID:Malignant fibrohistiocytoma (MFH) of the breast. Primary and postirradiation variants - an ultrastructural study. 632 70


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