Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Normal parathyroid glands and parafollicular cells (C-cells) of man, rat and rabbit, and also human parathyroid adenomas and medullary carcinomas were investigated for the presence of S-100 protein and neuron-specific enolase (NSE). For determination of the proteins immunoperoxidase methods were applied, i.e., the PAP method and the avidin-biotin system. The antisera, of polyclonal origin, were specifically directed against cow S-100 protein and rat or bovine NSE. The respective antisera are known to crossreact with S-100 protein from man, rat, and rabbit, as well as with NSE from man and rat. Surprisingly, the test for S-100 protein was found to be strongly positive in the parathyroid glands of rat and rabbit and was focally positive in normal and adenomatous human parathyroid glands, but completely negative in C-cells and medullary carcinoma cells. NSE was present in C-cells of rat and man, and in medullary carcinoma cells, but was absent in normal and adenomatous parathyroid cells. The results support data that indicate that both parathyroid cells and C-cells are derived from elements of the neural crest, but undergo different maturation processes during embryological development.
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PMID:S-100 protein and neuron-specific enolase in parathyroid glands and C-cells of the thyroid. 357 Aug 81

An 85-yr-old female was subjected to subtotal gastrectomy for double early carcinomas. Five years later a hemispheric protuberant lesion was observed endoscopically in the residual stomach and found by biopsy to be adenocarcinoma. Because of her poor general condition, anticancerous drugs were not given. She gradually became debilitated, and died 10 months later. At autopsy there was no protuberant lesion in the residual stomach and no cancer was found on multiple-step microscopical sections. A small pancreatic cancer with regional lymph node metastasis was found incidentally. In an immunohistological examination, only the carcinoma of the pancreas and its lymph node metastasis were positively stained with monoclonal anti-CA19-9 antibody-PAP. This is a rare case of a spontaneous regression of human gastric carcinoma, and was proved by autopsy.
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PMID:Spontaneous regression of a carcinoma of the residual stomach with latent carcinoma of the pancreas: autopsy report. 361 42

Twenty-three cases of dysplasia of the gallbladder and 38 cases of carcinoma with surrounding dysplasia were investigated. The dysplasia did not show any remarkable lesion and consisted of atypical basophilic cells with oval or round nuclei. The ratio of nucleus to cytoplasm (N/C) ratio was usually larger than the normal epithelial cells. For the combined dysplasia, it has been considered that 1) the dysplasia arose as well-differentiated carcinoma, 2) appeared synchronously, 3) arose secondarily, and 4) appeared as a precancerous lesion. Intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and carcinoma showed similar characteristics as to location and mucin-chemistry. According to CEA stain by PAP method, the dysplasia and carcinoma showed similar characteristics. It may be considered that the sequence of intestinal metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma is important.
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PMID:Dysplasia of gallbladder. Its pathological significance. 363 Jun 95

25 patients with invasive cervical carcinoma were asked about their historical data by means of a questionnaire. 7 women (28%) had undergone routine gynaecological examination with PAP smear at least two years before the diagnosis of invasive carcinoma. At the time of clinical admission, symptoms such as postcoital bleeding or metrorrhagia were found in these women as often as in those who had never undergone gynaecological investigation. But in the latter group of patients, stages II and III of the tumour were seen in a twofold higher rate of incidence. After reviewing the PAP smears it is considered that a faulty smear technique was the main reason for failure of prophylaxis. Screening errors committed by the cytologist were less frequent.
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PMID:[Cytologic anamnesis of patients with invasive cervix cancer]. 365 69

Plasma CEA (P-CEA) in 50 cases with bile duct carcinoma and tissue CEA (T-CEA) detected by PAP method in 46 resected cases with carcinoma were examined. The mean level of P-CEA was 4.4 +/- 0.6 ng/ml and the positive rate was 68%. It was considered that a factor of vessel invasion was closely related to the increasing factor of P-CEA. Concerning the relationship between P-CEA and prognosis of the patient, the level of P-CEA seemed to be useful as a parameter of recurrence of carcinoma during the follow up periods. T-CEA in the cancerous lesion was positive in 76%. There were no relations between the histology of the carcinoma and the ability to produce CEA. Conclusively, the histological type invasion of the carcinoma was detected clearly and easily by using the PAP method for T-CEA. To examine the T-CEA in the resected margin seemed to be useful as an additional diagnostic method for carcinoma in the residual bile duct.
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PMID:[Study on the clinical application of plasma and tissue carcinoembryonic antigen to cases with bile duct carcinoma]. 371 84

The functional role of Langerhans cells (LCs) in oral cancer was studied, based on a quantitative analysis of LCs in squamous cell carcinomas arising from the tongue. LCs were identified by their positiveness for S100-protein and other cytological characters based on PAP method. LCs increased in number in the cancer region and showed an intimate relationship with lymphocytes in terms of their number and distribution. Moreover, in those cases with many LCs, clusters consisting of LCs and lymphocytes were often found to combine into "hydropic degeneration-like" lesions as seen in allergic disease such as dermal lichen planus. These findings, as well as the review of literature, suggested some immunological role of LCs in oral carcinoma.
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PMID:The pathological significance of Langerhans cells in oral cancer. 392 71

This paper presents an autopsy case of primary malignant lymphoma of the urinary bladder. The patient, a 63-year-old man, consulted us because of macroscopic hematuria. Cystoscopy revealed a bladder tumor, which was diagnosed as an anaplastic cell carcinoma by transurethral punch biopsy. The tumor progressively increased in size, despite treatment with preoperative antineoplastic chemotherapy consisting of CDDP. Only ureterocutaneostomy and biopsy were performed at the operation although total cystectomy and ileal conduit had been planned, because the tumor had invaded into the perivesicular tissue. Biopsy revealed B cell lymphoma, which was characterized by specific staining with IgG by the PAP method. Although antineoplastic chemotherapy was performed again after operation, the patient gradually weakened and died 5 months after admission. At autopsy, a hen-egg sized, non-papillary tumor which invading into the perivesicular tissue was found at the anterior wall of the urinary bladder. There were many metastatic nodules in the thraco-lumbar vertebral columns, para-aortic lymphnodes and mesenteric lymphnodes. Lungs and liver were free from metastatic tumors.
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PMID:[A case of primary malignant lymphoma of the urinary bladder]. 404 Nov 19

Hybridoma cells secreting anti-PAP were produced by fusion of NS-1 myeloma cells with spleen cells from immunized Balb/c mice. Three of 32 hybrids secreted antibodies. Dilution cloning of the two hybrids producing the highest antibody titres showed that each antibody was monoclonal. One clone from each hybrid (clones ES2 and ES8) was selected for further study. The specificity of the antibodies appeared satisfactory, no inhibition of 125I-PAP binding to antibody being seen with extracts of bone, intestine, kidney, leucocytes, liver or lung. The association constants of the antibodies from ES2 and ES8 were 1.7 X 10(8) and 1.7 X 10(9) l/mol respectively, both were of the IgG1 class. For the immunoradiometric (IRMA) assay of serum PAP 125I-labelled monoclonal antibody was incubated with serum and the PAP-labelled antibody complex was separated by addition of solid-coupled polyclonal anti-PAP. The wide working range of the response curve (0.3-400 micrograms/l) and the rapid analysis time (4 h) offer practical advantages over RIA procedures. Clinical evaluation of the assay is in progress. ES8 antibody also appears to have good specificity for immunocytochemical applications. Localisation of micrometastases in bone in prostatic carcinoma was readily achieved.
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PMID:The preparation, characterization and application of monoclonal antibodies to human prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP). 608 20

A series of 110 biopsies of the uterine cervix containing dysplastic and/or in situ changes were assessed morphologiccally with reference to presence or absence of the coexistent condylomatous lesions, and using the immunoperoxidase-PAP technique to disclose the HPV (human papilloma virus) antigens in the cells. Morphologically, 79 biopsies contained condylomatous (CO) lesions (63 flat, 12 inverted and 4 papillomatous ones), and 31 were non-condylomatous (NCO) dysplasias/in situ carcinomas. The mean age of the CO group was more than 10 years less than that of NCO women (P less than 0.0001). Of the papillomatous COs, 75% were associated with mild or moderate dysplasia only, whereas 42% of the inverted ones contained an associated in situ carcinoma. Most of the flat lesions were found in very young women (10-39 years of age). HPV antigens were demonstrated in all papillomatous lesions (100%), in 83% of the inverted ones, and in 67% of the flat COs. In generally, the frequency of the HPV-positive cases decreased when epithelial atypia increased. None of the NCO lesions showed HPV positive cells. The results support earlier morphological findings on the frequent association of cervical condylomas and epithelial dysplasias, as well as those on the HPV as the etiologic agent of the former. The role of HPV as a possible etiologic agent of the cervical squamous cell neoplasia deserves further attention.
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PMID:Morphological and immunohistochemical evidence of human papilloma virus (HPV) involvement in the dysplastic lesions of the uterine cervix. 614 Oct 79

Efficacy and safety of azathioprine in 'high' and 'low' dose regimens in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), both in short-term studies and in follow-up over 40 months, have previously been shown. In the present report, 36 patients with RA treated with azathioprine (group I) and 49 age-matched patients with RA (group II), were studied to detect potential early markers of malignancy. Chest x-rays were similar to both groups. One patient in group I had a positive PAP smear and was subsequently found to have uterine carcinoma. Alpha-fetoprotein was positive in one patient in group I and none in group II. CEA was negative in all patients in group I, but positive in seven in group II. On chromosomal analysis group I showed a greater frequency of breakage. Group I showed lower serum folates and a highly significant number of megaloblastic features in marrow aspirates. In group I seven tumours, three being malignant, occurred while taking azathioprine, and in group II six tumours, one malignant, were identified (p = 0.17). The apparent increased risk of malignancy previously suggested by others warrants further studies with larger populations and over a continuous longer period.
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PMID:Long-term effects of azathioprine in rheumatoid arthritis. 617 83


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