Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum acid phosphatase activity, prostate specific phosphatase and prostate specific antigen were measured in 100 patients with prostatic cancer. The patients were divided according to the differentiation grade into 3 groups: G1 (well), G2 (moderately) and G3 (poorly differentiated) carcinoma. Bone metastases were identified by scintigraphy. Among the 76 M0 patients the mean levels of all 3 markers were slightly higher in patients with moderately differentiated prostatic carcinoma. Among the 24 M1 patients the primary tumour was either G2 (18 patients) or G3 (6 patients); none had G1 lesions. Significantly higher serum ACP and PAP levels were found in patients with G2 tumours than in those with G3 lesions. It was concluded that the histological differentiation grade of prostatic carcinoma did affect serum levels of prostatic tumour markers; the tendency towards higher levels in the G2 group was noticeable in both non-metastatic and metastatic cases despite the limited number of patients in the latter category. In clinical practice this information may be an important additional tool in staging prostatic cancer.
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PMID:Prostate tumour markers and differentiation grade in prostatic cancer. 170 39

Levels of serum tumor markers including tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA), CA 15-3, CA 19-9, squamous cell carcinoma antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha-fetoprotein, and PAP were measured in 26 patients with bone metastasis and in 9 patients with primary bone tumors. More than one markers was elevated in 19 of the 26 patients with bone metastasis, although there was no elevation of the markers in 3 patients with renal cell carcinoma. TPA was the most sensitive marker in the diagnosis of metastasis. CA 15-3 was also a sensitive marker in this study, since metastasis from breast carcinoma may be the most common of all metastases in the skeleton. On the other hand, alpha-fetoprotein was uniformly unresponsive except in one case of gastric cancer. Combinations of markers are valuable for metastasis screening tests. No definite correlations were found between the markers in this study. On the other hand, there was a slight elevation of the markers observed in two of the nine patients with primary bone lesions. Serum tumor markers are useful in the diagnosis of bone metastasis to differentiate it from primary bone lesions. Especially in solitary bone lesions, serum markers may be the only way to make a differential diagnosis between the two.
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PMID:Diagnostic value of serum tumor markers in skeletal metastasis of carcinomas. 170 81

Apudoma was found in the gall bladder removed in a 76-year-old woman because of the chronic calculous cholecystitis exacerbation. Carcinoid syndrome was absent clinically. Histologically, the tumour was a poorly differentiated carcinoid with areas of small cell and polymorphic carcinoma. Argyrophilic Pasquale reaction in the tumour cells was negative, electron microscopically small neurosecretory granules were found. Numerous ACTH-reactive cells and single serotonin-reactive cells were revealed in the tumour parenchyma by means of immunohistochemical PAP-method using antibodies against ACTH, serotonin, calcitonin, somatostatin, insulin, glucagon, P-substance. Focal hyperplasia and intestinal metaplasia of epithelium with the increase of the number of argyrophilic, ACTH-reactive cells were observed outside the tumour.
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PMID:[A poorly differentiated apudoma of the gallbladder]. 170 8

Health examination - screening: Tumour markers in serum are of minor value when used for detection of the disease in health screening protocols. Reflection of the course of disease: Tumour markers are of great value for monitoring the response to a given therapy and for early detection of relapse. In recent years, measurements of PSA has replaced PAP for this purpose. Prognostic indicator: Tumour markers in serum may also be used to indicate the biological activity of the tumour. Also for this purpose PSA appears to be a more reliable marker than PAP. General recommendation: For newly detected cases of prostatic carcinoma determination of a limited number of prognostic markers is recommended. If no treatment is instituted all these determinations may be repeated at an interval of about one year. Once treatment has been instituted assay of serum markers may be restricted to PSA alone and may be carried out at about six-monthly intervals. In protocolled clinical trials the intervals may be shortened.
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PMID:Carcinoma of the prostate. Serum tumour markers. 172 88

Bone alkaline phosphatase (b-ALP) and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (tr-ACP) are markers of the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, respectively. We have already shown that the serum activity of these isoenzymes was elevated in breast cancer patients with bone metastasis (BM); we show here that the serum activity of b-ALP and tr-ACP were also elevated in prostate cancer patients with BM. Specificity and sensitivity of b-ALP for BM were 0.90 and 0.75, respectively; and for tr-ACP, 0.60 and 0.60, respectively. The accuracy of b-ALP as a BM marker was higher than the accuracy of usual markers of prostatic carcinoma (tartrate labile ACP [tl-ACP], prostatic acid phosphatase [PAP] and prostate specific antigen [PSA]). The highest value predictive of a positive bone scan was obtained with b-ALP (0.88); this increased to 0.97 when b-ALP was coupled with PAP.
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PMID:Phosphatase isoenzymes as bone metastasis markers in prostatic carcinoma. 176 Aug 84

In order to determine the value of immunohistochemical staining methods for the morphologic diagnosis, we studied 949 histologic specimens sent for consultation to the Immunohistochemistry Laboratory of Department of Pathology of the Medical School of Botucatu in the period 1984-1989. All case were submitted to the immunoperoxidase staining with the methods PAP or ABC. Immunohistochemical stains confirmed the original morphologic diagnosis in 468 cases (49.3%); made the definitive diagnosis from a list of differential diagnostic possibilities in 244 cases (25.7%); provided contributory information in 74 cases (7.8%); were non-contributory in 114 cases (12%) and rendered an unsuspected diagnosis in 49 cases (5.2%). In some cases with non-contributory information the differences in methods of fixation might have led to suboptimal preservation of tissue antigens. The immunohistochemical staining may provide important and sometimes essential informations for definitive diagnosis. This technique was particularly useful for differential diagnosis between carcinoma, lymphoma and melanoma.
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PMID:[The usefulness of immunohistochemical methods for the anatomopathologic diagnosis]. 184 1

The immunohistochemical technique (ABC and PAP methods) and microspectrophotometry were used separately to localize estrogen receptor (ER) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and to measure the DNA content in 44 cases of primary breast carcinoma. The results showed that (1) there was significant statistical difference in DNA content among most histological types of breast carcinoma (P less than 0.05); (2) the DNA content was inversely correlated with ER status (P less than 0.05) and positively with CEA (P less than 0.05) in breast cancer; (3) the mean values of DNA content and nuclear area were higher in patients survived more than 5 years than in those survived less than 5 years. It is suggested that the DNA content was roughly consistent with the grades of malignancy of the histological types of carcinoma, and the changes of DNA content not only affected the expression of ER and CEA but are also correlated with the refractoriness to hormone therapy in some patients with ER positive tumor.
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PMID:[A study of DNA content in relation to histological type, ER and CEA in primary breast carcinoma]. 196

1,351 specimens resected surgically from 100 patients with gastric carcinoma were studied with PAP immunoperoxidase and ultrastructural method. The tumor cells were found positive for gastrin, serotonin, somatostatin and argyrophil particles in 19 patients. Among them the gastrin-secreting tumor cells consisted of 50% of the total in 4 cases, representing a separate new subtype, neuro-endocrine (NE) gastric carcinoma. Of the 100 cases, 16 (32%) contained NE cells among 50 undifferentiated type, while only 3 cases (6%) contained NE cells among the remaining 50 cases, the well-differentiated type. These results suggest that the appearance of NE tumor cells is closely correlated with the degree of differentiation of cancer, and confirms theoretically the heterogenicity of gastric carcinoma, and further supports the concept that exocrine and endocrine type gastric cancer cells are isogenous, i.e., from the endodermal stem cells.
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PMID:Neuro-endocrine type of gastric carcinoma. Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies of 100 cases. 197 91

A series of experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of Win 49,596, a novel steroidal androgen receptor antagonist, in animal models of prostate cancer. In the first experiment, oral administration of Win 49,596 at doses of 30, 100, or 300 mg/kg/day for 28 days inhibited (P less than 0.05) the growth of the androgen-sensitive PAP variant of the Dunning R-3327 prostatic carcinoma in intact male rats relative to intact controls. The degree of inhibition at 100 and 300 mg/kg/day Win 49,596 was similar (P greater than 0.10) to that observed in castrate controls as well as in intact rats administered the nonsteroidal androgen receptor antagonist flutamide orally at 15 mg/kg/day. Castration as well as treatment with either Win 49,596 or flutamide also decreased (P less than 0.05) the weight of the prostate in tumor-bearing animals. Additional studies were conducted to determine the effect of Win 49,596 on the growth of the androgen-dependent PC-82 human prostatic carcinoma xenografted into athymic nude male mice. Oral administration of Win 49,596 at 30, 100, or 300 mg/kg/day for 35 days inhibited (P less than 0.05) tumor growth relative to intact controls. The degree of tumor inhibition was similar to that observed in intact male mice administered the nonsteroidal androgen receptor antagonist flutamide orally at 30 mg/kg/day but was less than that observed following castration. Ventral prostate weights were also reduced (P less than 0.05) in castrate mice as well as in intact mice administered either Win 49,596 or flutamide. In the last experiment, at equivalent total daily dosages of either 150 or 300 mg/kg/day Win 49,596, twice a day (BID) dosing was more effective than once a day (SID) dosing in inhibiting tumor growth. The inhibitory effects of Win 49,596 at 150 mg/kg BID on tumor growth were similar to those observed following castration. Although Win 49,596 treatment reduced (P less than 0.05) ventral prostate weights relative to intact controls, there was no difference (P greater than 0.10) between SID vs. BID dosing. Based on the results of these studies and subject to further testing, Win 49,596 may have utility in the treatment of hormonally dependent metastatic prostate cancer in humans.
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PMID:Evaluation of Win 49,596, a novel steroidal androgen receptor antagonist, in animal models of prostate cancer. 200 17

An analysis was made of the procedure when PAP IV occurs in pregnancy. 63 patients between 1. 1. 1985 and 1. 4. 1990 from 6 main hospitals in Vienna were included in this study. In 30 cases, a cone biopsy was made during pregnancy, whilst in 33 cases, the operation was performed after delivery. In both groups, the tissue showed in the histological examination nearly the same incidence rate of carcinoma stage Ia, carcinoma in situ as well as mild, moderately severe, and severe dysplasia. A significant frequency was found for a delivery before the 35th week of gestation, if conisation was done during pregnancy. An increased negative foetal outcome was also found if the operation was performed after the 16th week of gestation. Conservative procedure showed a better foetal outcome with the same security, in that carcinoma stage Ib was never overlooked. On-target biopsy under colposcopic control, combined with a conisation 8 to 10 weeks after delivery, is therefore recommended.
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PMID:[PAP IV in pregnancy--a retrospective multicenter study]. 205 95


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