Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to determine the value of immunohistochemical staining methods for morphologic diagnosis specimens of 949 cases received at the Immunohistochemistry Laboratory of the Department of Pathology of the Medical School of Botucatu, in the period 1984-1989 were reviewed. All of them were submitted to the immunoperoxidase staining (PAP or ABC). The main morphologic diagnosis was confirmed in 468 cases (49.3%); the definitive diagnosis was made in 244 cases (25.7%) that had only differential diagnosis, and contributory information was provided in 74 cases (7.8%); the immunohistochemical staining was non-contributory in 114 cases (12%). It rendered an unsuspected diagnosis in 49 cases (5.2%). The analysis of these cases shows that immunohistochemical methods may provide important and sometimes essential informations for definitive diagnosis. This technique is particularly useful for distinguishing between carcinoma, lymphoma and melanoma.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemistry in the anatomopathologic diagnosis]. 130 76

We examined the cervicovaginal cytology (PAP) findings in a series of 21 endometrial and 2 cervical carcinosarcomas (CS) [malignant mixed mullerian (mesodermal) tumors] (MMMT). Initial cytology diagnosis was positive for cancer in 14 of 23 cases (sensitivity of 61%); however, CS was correctly identified only 2 times. The remaining 12 cancer diagnoses were carcinomas: 10 adenocarcinomas (4 endometrial, 1 cervical, and 5 adenocarcinomas not otherwise specified), 1 squamous carcinoma, and 1 poorly differentiated carcinoma. Seventeen smears were available for review, all 8 false negative, one unsatisfactory, and 8 of 14 true positive smears. One false negative smear showed rare clusters diagnostic of adenocarcinoma. The remaining 7 false negative smears showed 3 high grade squamous dysplasias (two with additional findings: one showed atypical spindle cells and the other showed endometrial stromal cells), 2 extensive repair changes, and 2 negatives. The unsatisfactory smear showed atypical spindle cells. Review of the 8 true positive smears confirmed malignant spindle cells in the two cases originally identified as CS by cytology and in 3 other cases originally identified as adenocarcinoma. Of 9 smears positive for cancer available for review, 4 showed only carcinoma cells. PAP positive for cancer was associated with high stage at presentation (P less than .025) and recurrent disease (P less than .001) (even among stage I or II patients, P less than .025). PAP positive for cancer showed no association with depth of myometrial invasion, size, grade, or histologic type of carcinosarcoma. The results of this study demonstrate the importance of consultative cytology reporting in which recommendations for appropriate biopsy are included in the report.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Cervicovaginal cytology in carcinosarcoma [malignant mixed mullerian (mesodermal) tumor] of the uterus. 131 25

135 specimens of primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC) were formalin fixed and paraffin embedded and stained for Pre-S1, Pre-S2 and HBxAg by ABC method, for HBsAg and HBcAg by PAP method. The detection rates of Pre-S1 and Pre-S2 positive cases in cancerous tissues were 22.2% and 20.0%. The detection rates of Pre-S1 and Pre-S2 in non-cancerous liver tissues were 60.0% and 59.6%. The positive ratio of Pre-S1 and Pre-S2 in the same hepatoma was 16.3% and that in the same non-cancerous liver tissue was 55.6%. Among 135 cases of PHC, HBsAg, HBxAg and HBcAg positives in tumor tissues were 16.3%, 55.6% and 8.9%, respectively. Those in non-cancerous tissues were 59.6%, 78.8% and 24.2%. This study suggested that the detection rates of Pre-S1 and Pre-S2 positivity in hepatoma tissues were higher than those of HBsAg and HBcAg but lower than that of HBxAg. The frequency of positive Pre-S1 and Pre-S2 in non-cancerous liver tissues was similar to HBsAg, and slightly lower than that of HBxAg. S1 and S2 are considered new markers for HBV infection. Their antigens could play an important role in the pathogenesis of PHC.
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PMID:[Expression and significance of Pre-S1 and Pre-S2 in human primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC)]. 131 93

Paraffin sections of biopsies from histopathologically confirmed cases of uterine cervical carcinoma, cervical scrapings from dysplasia, chronic cervicitis, tumour cells from carcinoma of the oral cavity and normal tissues from healthy normal cervix and oral cavity scrapings were examined for the presence of Human papilloma virus antigens. The techniques adopted were the Indirect Immunofluorescence Stainig and the Peroxide-Anti-Peroxidase techniques. The HPV-antigen was present in 38 percent and 41 percent of invasive carcinoma cervix, by PAP and IIF methods respectively. In cervical dysplasia 8-13% revealed HPV antigen while oral carcinoma cells and normal tissue samples were totally negative.
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PMID:Papilloma virus in cervical carcinoma: detection of viral antigen in cancer cells. 132 Jun 67

PAP technique and rabbit anti-X serum were used to detect the X protein in tumor and nontumor liver tissues from 34 patients with HCC. The positive rate of the X protein in both tissues were 94.1% and 84.4% respectively. Of the 34 patients with HCC, 27 were complicated by liver cirrhosis, in whom 92.6% were X protein positive in liver cells. It was found that almost all of the liver cells adjacent to the tumor tissue showed strong positive staining. The high frequency and predominant expression of X protein in HCC and liver cirrhosis tissues indicated that X protein may play an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis. X protein was detected in 17.2% of the patients with CAH, which suggested the risk of transformation from CAH to cirrhosis and/or HCC. X protein was first found in bile duct epithelial cells in 59.4% of the patients with HCC, and 6 of 34 HCC were combined with bile duct carcinoma, and some cancer cells were found positive for X protein. It seems that X protein may also be a potential factor in the oncogenesis of bile duct carcinoma.
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PMID:[Expression of hepatitis B virus X protein in tumor and nontumor tissues of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)]. 132 50

The authors investigated 26 regular sexual female partners of 24 men with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. Neoplasms were diagnosed in 6 (23.1%) of the total of 26 women. STDs were found in 6 (23.1%) women. In 2 the cytologic findings on the cervix were classified as PAP III (PAP IIIa-CIN I, PAP IIIb-CIN III). Squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix was found in 2 women (1 case PAP IV-CIN III; 1 case PAP V-suggestive of invasive carcinoma). Endometrial adenoacanthoma, mammary adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the right hand and non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma (centroblastic) were found in 1 case each.
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PMID:A study of possible causal relations between squamous cell carcinoma of the penis and carcinoma of the cervix uteri. 132 5

The prevalence of neural elements in prostatic carcinoma and their effects on the behavior of the lesion have recently been recognized. Recent reports suggest that chromogranin-A- and neuron-specific enolase-expressing tumors have an earlier progression and a lower response rate to hormonal therapy. The extreme presentation of this tumor is presumed to be small cell carcinoma of the prostate. This bombesin-secreting tumor, which has a characteristic clinical picture of early visceral involvement, wide-ranging metastases, and a relatively low rate of expression of PSA and PAP, is highly responsive to chemotherapy. The relatively high rate of expression of neural elements in primary prostatic carcinoma is discordant with the low frequency of clinical small cell carcinoma of the prostate. In order to account for these differences, one can assume that neural elements may play a role in the progression of this disease by either developing their own neoplastic process (small cell carcinoma of the prostate) or, in the majority of cases, causing paracrine progression of the tumor. Bombesin is typically secreted by small cell carcinoma of the lung and possibly by the prostate. It has been shown to be a growth factor mediating the progression of this disease in a number of experiments. Preclinical data demonstrate increased invasiveness and increased proliferation associated with bombesin in the treatment of prostatic carcinoma. Based on the hypothesis that neural peptides may be important mediators of androgen-independent growth of prostatic carcinoma as well as predicting poor prognosis, inhibition of these factors may represent a therapeutic strategy of relevance for the treatment of patients with prostatic carcinoma.
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PMID:The inhibition of the paracrine progression of prostate cancer as an approach to early therapy of prostatic carcinoma. 133 63

Specimens of 110 cases of primary hepatic carcinoma were obtained from the pathological Laboratory of the First Teaching Hospital of the 4th Military Medical University, Xi'an. P. R. China. Sections from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded material were stained for HBxAg by ABC method and for HBsAg and HBcAg by PAP method. Among the 110 cases of primary hepatic carcinoma, 64 (58.2%) showed HBxAg-positive reaction in tumor tissue, and 63 (78.8%) of 80 cases of noncancerous surrounding hepatic tissue displayed HBxAg positivity. Among 64 HBxAg-positive cases in tumor tissue, 15 (23.4%) were associated with HBsAg and/or HBcAg and among 63 HBxAg-positive cases in non-tumor tissue, 45 (71.4%) were associated with HBsAg and/or HBcAg. These findings suggested a close relationship between primary hepatic carcinoma and HBV infection. The high detection rate of HBxAg indicates very active expression of the integrated HBV-DNA genome in the host cells. However, how does HBxAg act in pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma remains to be further investigated.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical study on X antigen of HBV (HBxAg) in primary hepatic carcinoma]. 133 87

Forty-eight cases subjected to radioimmunoimaging (RII) by intraperitoneal injection with 131I-C0C183B2 monoclonal antibody (MAb) prepared in our laboratory were studied. Thirteen of 14 cases of proved primary ovarian carcinoma were positive. In 11 follow-up cases of ovarian carcinoma after initial surgery and chemotherapy, 5 recurrences were positive and 6 cases without recurrence were negative; all were confirmed histopathologically after a second operation. One false negative was ovarian mucinous adenocarcinoma, which also negatively stained with C0C183B2 by the peroxidase anti-peroxidase method. Twenty of 23 cases of nonepithelial or metastatic carcinoma of the ovary, benign tumors, and benign diseases were negative. The sensitivity and specificity were 94.7 and 89.7%, respectively. If patients had complications with ascites, the MAb which positively stained with the cancer cells in the ascites was chosen for RII. For follow-up cases PAP staining with the tumor tissue from the initial surgery and the MAb should be done before RII. These are the principal factors that increase the positive rate and accuracy of RII. The intraperitoneal route seems to be a valuable method for clinical staging and tumor localization as well as for follow-up use.
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PMID:Clinical evaluation of radioimmunoimaging with 131I-C0C183B2 monoclonal antibody against ovarian carcinoma by intraperitoneal injection. 146

Prostate carcinoma is usually highly responsive to initial endocrine therapy. However, when relapse occurs, the subsequent clinical course is very poor. In this study, we tried to reveal the clinical aspects of bone-related relapse in 392 patients who received endocrine therapy for prostate carcinoma. In 17 stage B patients who had relapsed, 76% experienced relapse within 4 years following the start of treatment, 76% within 3 years in 27 stage C patients, and 71% within 2.5 years found in 45 stage D patients. Pre-treatment levels of serum enzymes and initial response of the primary lesion and of serum enzymes failed to predict relapse. The Gleason sum tended to be correlated with relapse. In particular, patients with a Gleason sum of 9-10 had a lower non-relapse rate during the follow-up period than patients with lower sums. With the recent use of more sophisticated measurements of PSA and/or PAP, the reduction rate or interval to normalization of the markers must be more relevant to predicting relapse.
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PMID:Clinical study of bone-related relapse in prostate carcinoma. 149 22


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