Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It is well known that some kinds of immunological functions, s.c. NK activity, IFN or IL-2 production of spleen cells are decreased in mice with protein calorie malnutrition (PCM) compared with those of well-nourished mice. In this study, nutritional conditions of cancer bearers were demonstrated to have serious influence on the effects of immunochemotherapeutic agents as shown herewith. (1) Intra-tumoral 5-FU concentration was lower in PCM mice or starved mice than in mice fed a normal diet. (2) Transplanted mammary tumor, MM-48, was paradoxically grown in PCM mice after 7 days i.p. injection of OK-432 or Lentinan, but the tumor burden was relatively decreased after the same treatment in N-group mice. (4) The life prolongation effect of rIL-2 and OK-432 against ascitic hepatic carcinoma, MH-134, was recognized in C 3H/He mice. On the other hand, there was no observable effect by sequential i.p. injection of PCM mice sera together with rIL-2 and OK-432. (5) Clinically, a randomized study of advanced or recurrent gastric cancer patients treated with MMC and FT(MF) with or without Lentinan was performed. Excellent end-point results were obtained only in Lentinan-administered patients with normal protein levels, but no such effects were noted in patients with low protein levels (below 5.9 g/dl). These findings suggest that the nutritional environment of the cancer bearing host has an important role in the effect of some kinds of BRMs.
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PMID:[Modulation of anticancer effects of immunochemotherapeutic agents in various nutritional environments]. 326 Apr 67

The experiments described in this study examined cell membrane oligosaccharides, malignancy-related cell phenotypes and tumor cell susceptibility to the killing effect of human cytotoxic cells. Short term breast carcinoma (BCa) cell lines were prepared from biopsies obtained from patients at each of the pathological Stages I, II, III and from patients with disseminated liver metastasis. Five patients at each stage donated the tissue. To obtain large enough quantities, the cells were cultured as monolayers for a brief period, then transferred to roller bottles using serum-free hormone defined medium. Natural killer (NK) cells, lymphokine (IL-2)-activated killer (LAK), tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and peripheral cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL) from patients with BCa at PS I were used as the effector cells. Susceptibility of the tumor cells to the killing effects of the effector cells was monitored by the well established 4 h 51Cr-release assay technique. Growth factor expression, oncogenicity in athymic female mice and colonigenicity in soft agar were used as parameters to monitor breast carcinoma cell malignancy phenotypes. The cell membrane oligosaccharides were determined from the carbohydrate elution profiles from BioGel P-6 columns. The results indicate a correlation between progression of malignancy from PS I to the metastatic stage PS IV, and the magnitude of malignancy phenotypes, resistance to the host killer cells and oligosaccharide profile shift to a higher molecular size with increased sialylation and fucosylation of the carbohydrate moieties.
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PMID:A mechanism by which human breast carcinoma cells escape the host immune system. 326 86

We have prepared a retroviral expression construct, pPS-IL-2, in which human IL-2 cDNA has been inserted into the polylinker region, and have used the retroviral vector to introduce the functional IL-2 gene into a fibroblast cell line, RAT-1. Peritumoral administration of IL-2-producing RAT-1 cells into congenitally athymic (nu/nu) mice carrying subcutaneous transplants of human carcinoma cells inhibited the growth of the human tumour xenografts.
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PMID:Local administration of cells containing an inserted IL-2 gene and producing IL-2 inhibits growth of human tumours in nu/nu mice. 326 10

The anti-tumor activity of regional lymph node lymphocytes (RLNL) of DS mice bearing syngeneic carcinoma SC42 was observed both in intestinal cancer model and in footpad cancer model, while neither spleen cells (SPLC) nor distant lymph node lymphocytes showed any activity in Winn's tumor neutralizing test. This anti-tumor activity of RLNL was tumor specific examining between SC42 and SC115. RLNL in both cancer models did not show any cytotoxic activity against SC42 measured by 51Cr release test. However, after 9 days of culture with lectin-free T cell growth factor (LF-TCGF), the cytotoxic activity against SC42 of RLNL was induced in both cancer models. Cultured SPLC showed the cytotoxic activity against SC42 only in intestinal cancer model. Any lymphocytes from normal mice showed no cytotoxic activity against SC42 after culture with LF-TCGF. Moreover, the cytotoxic activity of cultured RLNL was tumor specific between SC42 and SC115, while that of cultured SPLC was non-specific. These results indicated that RLNL was immunologically important in tumor bearing host and the immunological significance of spleen was different between intestinal cancer and cancer of other sites.
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PMID:[Augmentation of the anti-tumor activity of regional lymph node lymphocytes and spleen cells of tumor-bearing mice by culture with T cell growth factor in vitro--a comparison of the intestinal cancer model and footpad cancer model]. 348 27

Administration of human recombinant interleukin-2 (RIL-2) into congenitally athymic (nu/nu) mice carrying subcutaneous transplants of HeLa, HU 609T and T24B human carcinoma cells partially inhibited growth of the human tumor xenografts. In vitro activation of nu/nu spleen cells with human RIL-2 resulted in generation of killer cells showing in the 51Cr cytotoxicity assay similar levels of cytolysis as RIL-2-activated spleen cells from heterozygous (nu/+) mice. The RIL-2-activated (LAK) cells were cytotoxic for a variety of mouse and human tumors, reaching the peak of their cytotoxic activity after 3 days of cultivation in the RIL-2-containing medium. The cytotoxic activity of activated nu/nu spleen cells was significantly reduced by treatment with antibody against glycolipid asialo GM1, the differentiation antigen of natural killer (NK) cells. This finding suggests that in addition to the conventional, asialo GM1- LAK cells, asialo GM1+ activated NK cells participated in the cytotoxicity displayed by the IL-2-activated nu/nu killer spleen cells.
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PMID:Recombinant interleukin-2 inhibits growth of human tumor xenografts in congenitally athymic mice. 349 90

A good therapeutic response following local transfer of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells was obtained in a patient with cardiac tamponade due to breast carcinoma. A 41-year-old female was admitted with complaints of dyspnea and tachycardia. She had undergone left mastectomy at the age of 37 years and had received continuous oral administration of tamoxifen. Chest roentgenogram revealed cardiomegaly (CTR = 65%) and cardiac echogram showed marked retention of pericardial effusion. The cytology of the effusion was class V (adenocarcinoma). Cardiac tamponade proved refractory to combination chemotherapy using adriamycin, cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil, and the effect of paracentesis was only temporary. Autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes were obtained through the cubital vein and cultured in vitro with 2 units/ml of human recombinant IL-2, (TGP-3, Takeda Pharm. Co.). After 4 days of cultivation, LAK cells were transferred intrapericardially 3 times. The cumulative infusion dose was 1.2 X 10(8) cells and the amount of combined IL-2 administration was 100 units/each transfer. Twenty-four days after initial infusion of LAK cells, the effusion disappeared. After then, recurrence has not been observed for 287 days. This case is the first trial of LAK therapy against pericarditis carcinomatosa and seems to be a useful way of treating this uncontrollable state without any serious side effects.
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PMID:[A case of pericarditis carcinomatosa showing good response following local transfer of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells]. 349 13

Cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes cultured in IL-2 against autologous primary lung cancer cells was studied in relation to curativity, prognosis and relapse rate. A total of 51 patients, 44 males and 7 females, consisting of those with adenocarcinoma (n = 27), squamous cell carcinoma (n = 19), large cell carcinoma (n = 2), small cell carcinoma (n = 1), lung sarcoma (n = 1), and carcinoid (n = 1), were evaluated. Pathological stages of the patients were stage I (n = 16), stage II (n = 1), stage III (n = 28), and stage IV (n = 6). Thirteen patients (25.5%) underwent curative surgery, 23 patients (45.1%) received relative curative surgery and 15 patients (29.4%) received non-curative surgery. The mean value of cytotoxic activity in the patients who received curative surgery was 34.7 +/- 15.3%, relative curative surgery 26.5 +/- 18.9%, and non-curative surgery 42.8 +/- 22.3%. Among the patients who underwent curative and relative curative surgery, 23 patients survived more than 2 years and 13 patients died of cancer recurrence. Mean value of cytotoxic activity in the former (36.7 +/- 15.9%) was significantly (p less than 0.01) higher than that in the latter (17.1 +/- 14.7%). Positive rate (percentage of patients whose CA exceeded 15%) of the former (86.9%) was also higher than that of the latter (46.1%). Comparison between the survival curves of the positive cases (CA 15.0%) and negative cases (CA less than 15.0%) revealed a significantly better prognosis for the former (generalized Wilcoxon test: W/square root VarW = 2.198). The mean cytotoxic activity in the cases of local recurrence (25.7 +/- 16.6%, n = 7) was higher (p less than 0.10) than that in the cases with distant metastases (9.3 +/- 6.3%).
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PMID:[Cytotoxic activity of autologous lymphocytes against lung cancer cells; correlation of prognosis and recurrence pattern]. 349 20

Recombinant human IL-2, secreted by yeast harboring a plasmid containing a synthetic IL-2 gene, is biologically active in augmenting human natural killer (NK) cell activity. A dose-dependent linear stimulation of NK activity was obtained against the chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line K562 over the range 3 to 300 units/ml of IL-2. Enhancement of NK activity was similarly demonstrable against the less NK-sensitive carcinoma cell lines LoVo and SKOSC. IL-2 could also be demonstrated to augment antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against SKOSC targets. IL-2 responsiveness segregated with a non-E-rosetting fraction comprising 11% of postfractionation lymphocytes and containing 94% of the recoverable NK activity, suggesting that IL-2 might operate directly upon the NK cell rather than through an accessory cell. This is believed to be the first demonstration of NK stimulatory activity by the product of a totally synthetic human IL-2 gene. The availability, purity, and NK-enhancing properties of the recombinant IL-2 make it a potentially important agent for clinical trial.
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PMID:Modulation of human natural killer cell activity by recombinant human interleukin 2. 387 64

Recombinant human IL-2, secreted by yeast harboring a plasmid containing a synthetic IL-2 gene, is biologically active in augmenting human natural killer (NK) cell activity. A dose-dependent linear stimulation of NK activity was obtained against the chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line K562 over the range of 3 to 300 units/ml of IL-2. Enhancement of NK activity was similarly demonstrable against the less NK-sensitive carcinoma cell lines LoVo and SKOSC. IL-2 could also be demonstrated to augment antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against SKOSC targets. IL-2 responsiveness segregated with a non-E-rosetting fraction comprising 11% of postfractionation lymphocytes, and containing 94% of the recoverable NK activity, suggesting that IL-2 might operate directly upon the NK cell rather than through an accessory cell. This is believed to be the first demonstration of NK stimulatory activity by the product of a totally synthetic human IL-2 gene. The availability, purity, and NK-enhancing properties of the recombinant IL-2 make it a potentially important agent for clinical trial.
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PMID:Modulation of human natural killer cell activity by recombinant human interleukin 2. 388 Nov 92

We cultured immunosuppressor T cells from gastric cancer patients using T-cell growth factor (TCGF) prepared from human tonsil or spleen. Peripheral blood lymphocytes cultured for 3-4 weeks with TCGF strongly inhibited the lymphocyte-proliferative response to alloantigen or PHA. Quantitative fluorescence measurement for immunological analysis of phenotypic characterization of the cells was made on a FACS-IV, using monoclonal antibodies (anti Leu-I, anti Leu-2a, anti Leu-3a, anti Leu-4, anti Leu-5, anti Leu-7, anti HLA-DR) and goat anti-human immunoglobulin. Immunosuppressor T cells grown in the presence of TCGF showed phenotype Leu-1+, 2a+, 3a-, 4+, 5+, 7-, HLA-DR+, human Ig-. Culture of immunosuppressor T cells activated by tumor cell antigen in vitro was successful only when the cells derived from patients with disseminated, nonresectable type of gastric carcinoma. Our findings suggest that TCGF-dependent immunosuppressor T cells are the result of a large tumor burden; this may explain the depression of in vitro or in vivo cell-mediated immune responses frequently found in such cancer patients.
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PMID:[Culture of TCGF-dependent immunosuppressor T cells in gastric cancer patients and phenotypic characterization of the cell surface, using monoclonal antibodies and a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS)]. 623 8


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