Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

MCF-7 cells, a metastatic human breast carcinoma line, caused dose-dependent platelet aggregation in heparinized human platelet-rich plasma (PRP). MCF-7 tumor cell-induced platelet aggregation (TCIPA) was almost blocked by apyrase (0.5 U/ml) and completely inhibited by hirudin (5 U/ml). This TCIPA was unaffected by cysteine proteinase inhibition with E-64 (10 microM), but was limited by cell pretreatment with phospholipase A2. MCF-7 cell suspension caused marked, dose-dependent decrease in plasma recalcification times using normal, Factor VIII-deficient, and Factor IX-deficient human plasma. This effect was potentiated in cell lysates but was inhibited in intact cells preincubated with sphingosine. MCF-7 cell suspension did not affect the recalcification time of Factor VII-deficient plasma. Taken together, these data suggest that MCF-7 TCIPA arises from MCF-7 tissue factor activity expression. Trigramim and rhodostomin, RGD-containing snake venom peptides which antagonized the binding of fibrinogen to platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb/IIIa, prevented MCF-7 TCIPA. Likewise, synthetic peptide GRGDS as well as monoclonal antibodies against human tissue factor, platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb/IIIa and Ib prevented MCF-7 TCIPA, which was unaffected by control peptide GRGES. On a molar basis, trigramin (IC50, 0.1 microM) and rhodostomin (IC50, 0.03 microM), were about 5,000 and 18,000 times, respectively, more potent than GRGDS (IC50, 0.54 mM).
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PMID:Characterization of platelet aggregation induced by human breast carcinoma and its inhibition by snake venom peptides, trigramin and rhodostomin. 774 50

PTC-1, the predominant form of PTC oncogene in human papillary thyroid carcinoma, encodes a fusion protein containing the N-terminus of H4 (D10S170) fused 5' to the ret tyrosine kinase domain. Accordingly, the PTC-1 expression is driven by the H4 gene promoter. Our study showed that H4 is expressed in various human tissues, including thyroid. Furthermore, we have localized the transcriptional start sites of H4 to a region 100 to 190 bp upstream of the translation initiation site (ATG) by primer extension assay, and the H4 promoter to a region within 259 bp upstream of the ATG site by luciferase assay. Interestingly, protein sequence analysis indicated a potential coiled-coil domain in the N-terminal region of H4. Indeed, oligomerization was demonstrated by an in vitro assay with recombinant proteins containing this region. As dimerization is considered to be a crucial step for receptor tyrosine kinase activation, we hypothesize that both unscheduled expression of ret tyrosine kinase and constitutive oligomerization of PTC-1 proteins are responsible for PTC-1 transforming activity in thyroid.
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PMID:Characterization of the promoter region and oligomerization domain of H4 (D10S170), a gene frequently rearranged with the ret proto-oncogene. 775 54

The autocrine inhibitory action of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) may play an important role in maintaining the normal state of thyroid follicular epithelial cells. Deficiency of this regulatory mechanism has been implicated in the pathogenesis of nontoxic nodular goiter and thyroid epithelial cell cancer. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) has an antiproliferative action in a human papillary thyroid carcinoma cell line, NP-PTC cells, through a receptor-mediated mechanism. In the present work, we studied the antiproliferative action of TNF-alpha and TGF-beta 1 in NP-PTC cells. TNF-alpha induced TGF-beta 1 mRNA and secretion of the latent form of TGF-beta 1. Both TNF-alpha and TGF-beta 1 inhibited the proliferation of NP-PTC cells. A neutralizing antibody specific to human TGF-beta 1 blocked the antiproliferative action of TGF-beta 1 on NP-PTC cells, but it failed to block TNF-alpha-induced antiproliferation. Further, TNF-alpha and TGF-beta 1 acted synergistically to inhibit NP-PTC cell proliferation. The results show that both TNF-alpha and TGF-beta 1 inhibit the proliferation of NP-PTC cells. However, the actions of TGF-beta 1 and TNF-alpha differ in NP-PTC cells; TNF-alpha activates nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) and TGF-beta 1 does not. Although TNF-alpha induced TGF-beta 1 mRNA and secretion of the latent form of TGF-beta 1, the antiproliferative action of TNF-alpha is not dependent on the autocrine action of TGF-beta 1 in NP-PTC cells.
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PMID:TNF-alpha-induced antiproliferation is not dependent on the autocrine action of TGF-beta 1 in a thyroid cancer cell line. 806 Nov 20

To investigate the common causes and differential diagnosis of malignant jaundice, we reviewed 903 cases with obstructive jaundice in PUMC hospital in recent 16 years. 383 of them were malignant jaundice (42.4%). The most common origin of malignant jaundice was carcinoma of the pancreatic head with 198 patients (51.7%), and carcinoma of the ampulla Vater with 94 cases (24.5%) and carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile duct with 71 cases (5.2%). The clinical symptoms and signs were not much helpful to the differentiation of malignant jaundice. No specific early signs were found to the malignant jaundice, but most of the patients felt epigastric distension and distress, anorexia, loss of body weight and fatigue before jaundice appeared. More than one third patients had discontinuous fever. The imaging investigation had decisive roles in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the malignant jaundice. The positive rate of diagnosis in sonography was 95.5%, but the correct rate only 85.0% (P < 0.05). We regard that sonography might be the first imaging examination for the malignant jaundice and clue for further investigation. ERCP can clearly reveal the papilla, biliary and pancreatic ducts with high positive rate (97.7%) and correct rate (95.1%). PTC was only used in those patients who had the contraindications to ERCP or the cannulation of ERCP was not successful. The positive rate of PTC was 95.8% in the cases with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. The combination of ERCP and PTC could determine the position and extent of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[The common causes and differential diagnosis of malignant jaundice]. 826 74

The RET proto-oncogene encodes a transmembrane receptor of the tyrosine kinase family and has frequently been found activated in human thyroid carcinomas of the papillary subtype. In most cases the activation consisted of the fusion of its tyrosine-kinase domain with the 5'-terminal region of a gene designated H4 or D10S170. We have named the resulting H4/RET chimeric oncogene RET/PTC. Another activated form of the RET oncogene has subsequently been found in a thyroid carcinoma and is now referred to as RET/PTC2. Here we report the identification and cloning of a novel rearranged version of the RET oncogene in a human thyroid papillary carcinoma. In this case the tyrosine-kinase domain of RET was fused to a sequence 790 bp long belonging to a new gene that we have named RFG (RET Fused Gene). This novel chimeric oncogene has been designated RET/PTC3. In order to have more insights into the function of RFG we have completely cloned and sequenced its cDNA. RFG predicted amino-acid sequence does not have any significant homology to any already known genes and is ubiquitously expressed in human and mouse tissues. Finally we provide evidence indicating that the rearrangement leading to the generation of RET/PTC3 occurred in vivo in the original tumor DNA.
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PMID:Molecular characterization of RET/PTC3; a novel rearranged version of the RETproto-oncogene in a human thyroid papillary carcinoma. 829 Feb 61

Radiological findings in 80 cases of gallbladder carcinoma are analysed retrospectively. Seventy-nine of the patients had been examined by US (ultrasonography), 37 by CT (computed tomography), 26 by PTC (percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography), 17 by ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreaticography), nine by angiography and 27 by US-guided FNB (fine needle biopsy). US showed the primary tumour in 68% and CT in 57%. In 67 cases the tumour had spread outside the gallbladder area, causing bile duct obstruction in 41. US showed the bile duct obstruction in 39 of these cases and CT in 20 out of 22 cases. US showed 73% of the cases that had spread to the liver; the sensitivity being 68% for direct invasion and 88% for peripheral liver metastases. The corresponding percentages for CT were 68, 67 and 75%, respectively. In lymph node enlargement, US showed the nodes in 70% of cases and CT in 52%. PTC showed either stenosis or total obstruction in 25 cases and failed in one case. ERCP showed a tumour in 76% and failed in 24%. Angiography failed to show the primary tumour in two instances out of nine. The results indicate that current imaging methods are insufficient for the accurate staging of gallbladder carcinoma.
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PMID:Radiological findings in cases of gallbladder carcinoma. 829 45

Elevated risk of thyroid cancers among the atomic bomb survivors as compared to the nonexposed population suggests that some genetic events related to thyroid cancer must be caused by ionizing radiation. Accordingly, inducibility of RET oncogene rearrangements, i.e., the generation of the RET-PTC oncogene, specific for thyroid cancer, was investigated among human undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma cells (8505C), which do not have RET oncogene rearrangement, after 0, 10, 50, and 100 Gy of in vitro X-irradiation by means of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. After testing 10(8) cells at each dose point, 3 independent samples obtained with 50 Gy of X-irradiation and 6 independent samples obtained with 100 Gy of X-irradiation showed a rearranged RET oncogene amplified band. No rearranged transcripts were obtained from cells irradiated with 0 or 10 Gy. All of the transcripts were sequenced and found to contain the D10S170 and RET sequence. Interestingly, two types of rearrangements were included in these transcripts: one is specific for thyroid cancer and the other, which contains a 150-base pair insert, is atypical, not usually seen in vivo. This insert was found to be the exon of D10S170. Furthermore, in fibrosarcoma cells (HT1080), X-irradiation also induced RET oncogene rearrangements, which included the same two types of rearrangements observed in the X-irradiated thyroid cells (8505C). These results are in favor of the hypothesis that some radiation-induced thyroid cancers, including those among atomic bomb survivors, might have developed when a growth advantage was obtained through a specific form of RET oncogene rearrangement induced by radiation exposure.
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PMID:In vitro irradiation is able to cause RET oncogene rearrangement. 831 99

Radiological findings in 58 cases of pathologically proven bile duct carcinoma were analysed retrospectively. 11 patients had peripheral intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, 30 either hepatic duct or choledochal carcinoma and 17 carcinoma of the papilla of Vater. The tumour was local abdominally in 41 and spread abdominally in 17 cases. All cases but one were examined by US, 27 by CT, 19 by PTC, 28 by ERCP and 11 by angiography. US showed bile duct obstruction in all the cases in which it was present and CT in 94%. US showed the primary tumour in 63% and CT in 44%, while the figures for showing abdominal spread were 56 and 17% respectively. No tumour mass was found at US in 28% of cases or at CT in 52%. ERCP failed in 3 out of 28 cases, showed a tumour in 24 (86%) and showed ambiguous narrowing of the bile duct in one. PTC showed obstruction or narrowing of the bile duct caused by a tumour in all cases, while angiography detected all the intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas but was abnormal in only 2 out of 6 cases of extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma.
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PMID:Radiological findings in bile duct carcinoma. 833 56

The ret/PTC oncogene, a rearranged form of the ret proto-oncogene, has been found to be restricted to human papillary thyroid carcinomas. This report shows that transgenic mice with thyroid-targeted expression of the ret/PTC1 oncogene developed thyroid carcinomas with considerable similarities to human papillary thyroid carcinomas, particularly in the nuclear cytologic features and the presence of local invasion. Our findings indicate that ret/PTC2 is not only a biomarker associated with papillary thyroid carcinomas, but is also the only proven specific genetic event leading to the development of papillary thyroid carcinoma.
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PMID:Targeted expression of the ret/PTC1 oncogene induces papillary thyroid carcinomas. 853 38

Magnetic Resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is a new noninvasive imaging technique for the visualization of the biliary ducts with cholangiographic images similar to those obtained with ERCP and PTC, but with no contrast agent injection. In this paper, we report on our preliminary experience with a mild-field strength magnet (0.5T) and TSE sequences, acquired with respiratory compensation. The images were compared with ERCP images to compare diagnostic quality. Eighteen patients were examined: the biliary tract was dilated because of chronic pancreatitis in 3 patients, because of choledochal stones in 9, of carcinoma of the pancreatic head in 4, of lymphadenopathy in one patient. A patient submitted to choledochoduodenostomy and waiting for cholecystectomy was also examined. MRCP was performed with a superconductive magnet at 0.5T. Volumetric images on coronal planes were acquired; a T2-weighted TSE sequence (TR = 5000, TE = 244, Nex = 4, ETL = 45; acquisition time = 14 min 10 s) with respiratory compensation was also performed. The images were reconstructed on coronal planes at different angles with the MIP algorithm. All patients were then submitted to ERCP and one to PTC. In all patients, the intrahepatic biliary tracts, hepatic ducts and choledochus were completely demonstrated, with very good image quality in 16 cases and good in 2. The Wirsung duct was always visualized in all the 9 patients with mild to severe dilation. In conclusion, MRCP can be considered a valuable alternative to diagnostic ERCP. Further studies are necessary for better assessment of the potential advantages and pitfalls of this technique.
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PMID:[Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. A new method of noninvasive biliopancreatic diagnosis]. 855 21


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