Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 16 patients with carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts, percutaneous transhepatic portography (PTP) and cholangiography (PTC) were performed. Fourteen of these patients also had angiography, which failed to show the tumor in 7 cases. Findings indicating non-extirpability of the tumor were demonstrated by angiography in 3 patients. At PTP non-extirpability was confirmed in these cases. PTP further indicated non-extirpability in one patient and gave hints of infiltration of the liver by the tumor in 5 patients because of intra or extrahepatic invasion of the portal vein.
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PMID:Percutaneous transhepatic portography in bile duct carcinoma. Correlation with percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and angiography. 22 46

Thyroid carcinoma may invade the mediastinum by direct extension of the primary tumor or metastases to the paratracheal or retroclavicular-parajugular lymph nodes. From 1975 to 1991 in 47 out of 622 thyroid cancer patients (7.6%) [14 papillary (PTC), 5 follicular (FTC), 16 medullary (MTC) and 12 undifferentiated carcinoma (UTC)] transsternal tumor resection has been performed. Four patients (UTC three, MTC one) deceased 7, 8, 35, and 41 days after resection of the primary tumor due to cardiac or tumor disease, and in one patient because of acute arteriotracheal haemorrhage after external irradiation; no patient deceased after transsternal resection as a result of cervicomediastinal lymphadenectomy. At the time of primary operation 80% of patients showed an advanced tumor stage (greater than pT3). In 34% of patients (PTC 64%, FTC 40%, MTC 13%, UTC 25%) no tumor recurrence was observed neither by imaging nor by biochemical methods. In 18 patients a transsternal microdissection of all four cervicomediastinal lymph node compartments has been performed. Histological analyses of excised and tumor involved lymph nodes revealed in 9 patients unilateral cervical and mediastinal and in 9 patients bilateral cervical and mediastinal lymph node metastases. In the case of unilateral cervicomediastinal lymph node metastases 2 out of 2 patients with papillary and 2 out of 6 patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma could be cured surgically. In the case of bilateral cervicomediastinal lymph node metastases 3 out of 4 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma, but no other thyroid cancer patient were free of disease. In conclusion, main indications for transsternal cervicomediastinal resection in thyroid carcinoma are (1) primary tumors extending to the upper mediastinum, but without lymph node metastases, and (2) thyroid carcinomas with unilateral cervicomediastinal lymph node metastases. In the case of bilateral cervicomediastinal lymph node metastases probable only papillary thyroid carcinomas are supposed to be curable by transsternal multicompartmentectomy.
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PMID:[Trans-sternal cervico-mediastinal primary tumor resection and lymphadenectomy in thyroid gland cancer]. 156 3

A reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was adopted for detecting transcripts specific for retTPC/PTC, an activated form of the ret proto-oncogene reported to be found specifically in human papillary thyroid carcinomas. By this sensitive method retTPC/PTC transcript could be detected in about 500 fg of total RNA of TPC-1, a retTPC/PTC transcript-positive cell line. In Japanese patients, one of 11 papillary thyroid carcinomas, four of 19 follicular adenomas and one of two adenomatous goiters were positive for the transcript, indicating that the involvement of retTPC/PTC is not specific to papillary thyroid carcinomas. In several independent RT-PCR experiments using different portions of the same positive carcinoma tissue, retTPC/PTC transcript was always detected. On the other hand, the transcript was not always positive in different RNA samples from benign cases, suggesting that positive carcinomas are probably composed of clonal cell populations all expressing retTPC/PTC, whereas adenomas and adenomatous goiter comprise heterogeneous populations: both positive and negative for retTPC/PTC transcript. Activation of the ret proto-oncogene might therefore be involved in malignant conversion to thyroid carcinomas.
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PMID:Detection of retTPC/PTC transcripts in thyroid adenomas and adenomatous goiter by an RT-PCR method. 171 26

PTC gene, which is derived from the rearranged form of the ret proto-oncogene, was originally discovered in human thyroid papillary carcinomas. This gene has been thought to act as a tumorigenetic factor in thyroid carcinoma, although the action of PTC oncogene products is still unknown. To study the frequency of the PTC gene present in human thyroid carcinomas, we investigated four cell lines derived from thyroid carcinoma and 22 thyroid tumor tissue specimens. The reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was performed to detect putative PTC mRNA. The presence of the PTC gene in genomic DNA was analyzed by Southern blot hybridization. PTC mRNA was detected by the RT-PCR method in only one papillary carcinoma cell line (TPC-1 cell). Southern gel analysis confirmed the rearrangement of the ret proto-oncogene in this cell line. In the other three cell lines and 22 tumor tissue specimens, however, neither the PTC gene or mRNA was detected. These results demonstrate that the prevalence of the PTC gene in thyroid tumor is low and may not be essential for human thyroid tumorigenesis. That our present results conflict with previous reports may be due to general differences in genetic background among races.
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PMID:Lack of PTC gene (ret proto-oncogene rearrangement) in human thyroid tumors. 182 30

Cytogenetic studies have shown frequent clonal abnormalities in papillary carcinoma (PTC) and follicular carcinoma (FTC). Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) may suggest the presence of tumor suppressor genes and has not been reported in these neoplasms. These studies were undertaken to determine if consistent chromosomal abnormalities are associated with thyroid cancer, to determine likely regions for molecular genetic investigations, and to determine if there is allelic loss in thyroid tumors. Cytogenetic analysis of 26 PTC and 5 FTC showed clonal abnormalities in 9 and included -Y, +5, or inv(10)(q11.2q21.2) in PTC, and -Y or near haploidy in FTC. Using DNA probes specific for chromosomes 1, 3, 10, 16, and 17, we carried out restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis on 6 FTC, 3 follicular adenomas (FA), and 12 PTC. LOH of all informative loci on chromosome 3p was observed in all 6 FTC, but not in FA or PTC. No LOH was observed for loci mapped to chromosome 10 in PTC. Our results suggest: cytogenetic abnormalities of chromosome 10q are associated with PTC; cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities of chromosome 3 are associated with FTC; and a tumor suppressor gene may be present on the short arm of chromosome 3 important for the development or progression of FTC.
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PMID:Cytogenetic and molecular genetic studies of follicular and papillary thyroid cancers. 193 48

Although it is clear that US is the procedure which should be selected as a method of the first choice to detect carcinoma of the biliary tract, a rational selection and combination of diagnostic procedures are essential for further evaluation on the nature or extension of tumor and its resectability. The next procedure which should be selected after US, in our opinion, is ERCP which can be followed by ERBD, if necessary, because it is useful to know the site and extension of tumor. However, the cases who have the lesion at the upper portion of the biliary tract or which is considered to be unresectable should be converted to percutaneous transhepatic approaches (PTC, PTBD, PTCS) at this stage as a method of next choice with diagnostic and subsequent therapeutic purposes. On the other hand, EUS is also an important first line diagnostic procedure to delineate the lesion at the lower portion of the biliary tract which can be used in parallel with ERCP. In this paper, usefulness of EUS was strongly advocated, because the information concerning the extension and resectability of tumor are also provided with it as it is obtained with CT, MRT and angiography. Cytology of bile, cholecystography, percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy and biopsy under endoscopic control carried out after percutaneous transhepatic drainage of the gallbladder are the procedures used for the diagnosis of gallbladder carcinoma, but they should be only indicated in the cases, in which early carcinoma is strongly suspected, because it cannot provide us any information necessary to make therapeutic plan in the cases with advanced carcinoma.
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PMID:[Image diagnostics for carcinoma of the biliary tract]. 206 95

We recently detected a novel activated oncogene by transfection analysis on NIH 3T3 cells in five out of 20 primary human thyroid papillary carcinomas and in the available lymph node metastases. We designated this transforming gene PTC (for papillary thyroid carcinoma). Here we describe the molecular cloning and sequencing of the gene. The new oncogene resulted from the rearrangement of an unknown amino-terminal sequence to the tyrosine kinase domain of the ret proto-oncogene. This gene rearrangement was detected in all of the transfectants and in all of the original tumor DNAs, but not in normal DNA of the same patients, thus indicating that this genetic lesion occurred in vivo and is specific to somatic tumors. Moreover, the transcript coded for by the fused gene was detected in an additional PTC-positive human papillary carcinoma for which mRNA was available.
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PMID:PTC is a novel rearranged form of the ret proto-oncogene and is frequently detected in vivo in human thyroid papillary carcinomas. 240 25

Twenty cases of cholangiocarcinoma associated with hepatolithiasis were treated surgically. The incidence of cholangiocarcinoma associated with hepatolithiasis was 2.4%. Surgical procedures included common bile duct exploration after intraoperative choledochofiberoscopy in 20, with hepatic resection in nine. Overall survival was 8 months, with a range of 3-40 months. The hepatectomy group seemed to have a better prognosis. Accurate preoperative diagnosis of intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma associated with intrahepatic stones is difficult. All 20 patients in this series had surgery for recurrent cholangitis due to intrahepatic stones. From a retrospective review, it became apparent that early diagnosis can be obtained from the following: 1) detection of a hyperechoic mass in the liver parenchyma during abdominal ultrasonography, 2) a scintigraphic defect near the hilum, 3) filling defects or obliteration of intrahepatic ducts in ERCP or PTC, 4) gross appearance of the liver during surgery revealed a nodular tumor mass or an atrophic, fibrotic liver, and 5) intraoperative choledochoscopic findings which showed an intraluminal tumor or infiltrative lesion.
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PMID:Intrahepatic stones associated with cholangiocarcinoma. 253 10

In this report we assigned to chromosome 10q the human oncogene PTC frequently associated with the papillary type of thyroid carcinoma. Using an informative panel of human-mouse somatic cell hybrids and 'in situ' hybridization to human metaphase chromosomes, we localized the PTC gene at bands q11-q12 of chromosome 10. These bands belong to one of the two regions on chromosome 10 linked to the cancer syndrome multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A). Therefore, it is suggested that genes clustered in certain regions of chromosome 10 could be involved in the developmental regulation of the thyroid gland.
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PMID:The oncogene associated with human papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is assigned to chromosome 10 q11-q12 in the same region as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A). 256 46

The carcinoma of the papilla occupies a special position among the periampullary carcinomas by its favourable prognosis. Responsible for this are the early appearance of symptoms due to the close neighbourhood to the common bile duct and the restriction of the metastasation to the first stage of lymphatic nodes in the majority of cases. Symptoms are jaundice, epigastric pain and decrease of weight. In the carcinoma of the papilla the duodenoscopy with biopsy and ERCP is the method of choice. The reliability of the biopsy is larger, when it is performed after an endoscopic sphincterotomy. For the delimitation of the carcinoma of the papilla against other causes can further be used the hypotensive duodenography, the abdominal computerd tomography, the sonography and the PTC. A curative treatment is possible only surgically. On account of the better long-term results the partial duodenopancreatectomy is to be preferred to the local exstirpation of the papilla. Endoscopic drainages of the biliary tract carried out preoperatively may reduce the lethality of operations. A palliative drainage of the biliary tract on the endoscopic or percutaneous transhepatic way as well as the endoscopic sphincterotomy may improve the patients' quality of life and prolong the survival time, when there are non-resectable tumours or a general inoperability.
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PMID:[Clinical aspects, diagnosis and therapy of cancer of Vater's ampulla]. 269 11


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