Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The echocardiographic findings of two unusual cases of malignant uterine tumors that invaded the heart are reported. A woman previously operated on for invasive cervical carcinoma had multiple embolic phenomena and evidence of obstruction to mitral flow. An echocardiogram showed a mass in the left atrium that reached the mitral valve ring. The tumor was implanted in a pulmonary vein and was removed with no complications. Cell type indicated metastatic carcinoma of the cervix. In the second case the patient had a large abdominal mass and precordial manifestations of obstruction and regurgitation of the tricuspid valve. An echocardiogram showed that a mass emanating from the inferior vena cava filled the right atrium and part of the right ventricle. The trajectory of the tumor was followed to its origin in an ovarian vein by tomography. The entire tumor was removed and identified as endometrial stromal sarcoma. An increase in operations with or without radiation therapy for malignant tumors has augmented the frequency of metastatic invasion of the heart; intracavitary extension tends to results from embolization or propagation along great veins. This is the first report of a uterine carcinoma reaching the heart by way of the pulmonary veins and of invasion of the heart by endometrial stromal sarcoma, both with successful excision.
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PMID:Intracardiac extension of malignant uterine tumors. Echocardiographic detection and successful surgical resection. 235 26

Gastric transplants using the Akiyama method were used to treat esophageal carcinoma in 12 patients. Endoscopic examination, prolonged manometry (greater than 30 min), and 24 h pH monitoring were performed postoperatively to evaluate functional results. All patients could swallow without difficulty at the time of examination and had no dysphagia, regurgitation, heartburn, or sensation of abdominal fullness. Histologic examinations of residual esophagus showed microscopic esophagitis in 5 patients. Percentage of time that pH less than 4 was 42.6 +/- 10.9% (mean +/- SEM) and median pH was 4.3 +/- 1.0. The manometric examination showed no 'esophageal-like' peristaltic waves, but synchronous contractions were demonstrated in 9 patients, gastric type activity in two patients, and no activity was detected in one patient. We conclude that retained gastric peristaltic function is not a prerequisite for a good clinical outcome for swallowing and that despite vagotomy, the stomach continues to produce enough acid to maintain an acidic pH.
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PMID:Functional evaluation of gastric transplants used in esophageal reconstruction. 264 Jan 79

Although esophagomyotomy is highly effective as the initial surgical treatment of most patients with achalasia, those with either recurrent symptoms after a previous esophagomyotomy or a megaesophagus do not respond as well to esophagomyotomy. Total thoracic esophagectomy was performed in 26 patients (average age, 49 years) with achalasia. Eighteen had a history of a previous esophagomyotomy, and 18 had a megaesophagus (esophageal diameter of 8 cm or larger). In 24 patients, a transhiatal esophagectomy without thoracotomy was the operative approach; 2 patients required a transthoracic esophagectomy because of intrathoracic adhesions from prior operations. The stomach was used as the esophageal substitute in all patients; it was positioned in the posterior mediastinum, and a cervical anastomosis was performed. Intraoperative blood loss averaged 765 mL. Major postoperative complications included mediastinal bleeding requiring thoracotomy (2), chylothorax (2), and anastomotic leak (1). There were no postoperative deaths. The average postoperative hospital stay was ten days. Follow-up is complete and ranges from 3 to 91 months (average duration, 30 months). All but 1 patient with severe psychiatric disease eat a regular, unrestricted diet without postprandial regurgitation. Early postoperative anastomotic dilation was required in 10 patients. Dumping syndrome has occurred in 5 patients. It is concluded that esophagectomy provides the most reliable treatment of esophageal obstruction, pulmonary complications, and potential late development of carcinoma in the patient with a megaesophagus of achalasia or a failed prior esophagomyotomy and that it is a far better option in these patients than esophagomyotomy, cardioplasty procedures, or limited esophageal resection.
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PMID:Esophageal resection for achalasia: indications and results. 264 31

Pharyngoesophageal (Zenker's) diverticulum is a relatively common acquired condition that may cause dysphagia and regurgitation of food. Squamous carcinoma may develop in such a diverticulum, but this complication is exceedingly rare and may not be suspected preoperatively. This report describes a case in which the diagnosis of squamous carcinoma was made after regurgitation of malignant tissue from a radiographically proven pharyngoesophageal diverticulum. The patient was treated by simple diverticulectomy and postoperative radiation therapy.
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PMID:Pharyngoesophageal diverticulum complicated by squamous cell carcinoma. 311 74

Ninety-one adult patients (average age 49 years) with various benign esophageal disorders treated by total thoracic esophagectomy and a cervical esophagogastric anastomosis have been followed up with personal interviews and examinations from 6 to 104 months (average 34 months). Outpatient esophageal dilation has been used liberally for any degree of postoperative cervical dysphagia. At their latest follow-up, 39 patients (43%) eat without dysphagia; four patients (4%) have mild dysphagia necessitating no treatment; 34 patients (37%) have undergone one to three dilations during the first 6 to 12 postoperative months for intermittent dysphagia; and 14 patients (16%) have more severe dysphagia necessitating regular anastomotic dilations (two thirds of these perform home self-dilations). Mild regurgitation of gastric contents has been experienced by 27 (30%), particularly when recumbent after eating, but only four patients sleep with the head of the bed elevated to prevent nocturnal regurgitation. No patient has had pulmonary complications resulting from aspiration. Twenty patients (22%) have had varying degrees of "dumping syndrome," generally transient and well controlled with medication. Two patients have required an additional gastric drainage operation 16 months and 82 months, respectively, after the esophagectomy. At their latest evaluation, 33% of the patients weigh 3 to 83 (average 19) pounds more than they weighed preoperatively, 38% weigh 5 to 40 (average 12) pounds less, and 29% have had no change in their weight. The stomach functions well as a visceral esophageal substitute and, like the esophagus, is more thick-walled and resilient than colon. Significant gastroesophageal reflux is uncommon after a properly performed cervical esophagogastric anastomosis. Postoperative dysphagia can be minimized by attention to technique in constructing the anastomosis. These data support our belief that the stomach is the preferred organ for esophageal replacement, not only for carcinoma, but also for benign diseases as well.
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PMID:Cervical esophagogastric anastomosis for benign disease. Functional results. 319

A randomized, prospective, controlled trial compared the use of pyloroplasty (study group) with nonuse of the procedure (control group) in the treatment of 72 patients with carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus. In these patients, transthoracic esophagectomy was performed, and the whole stomach was used for reconstruction in the right side of the chest. No complications due to the pyloroplasty developed in any of the patients who underwent this procedure. Gastric emptying tests that were performed at the sixth postoperative month in 37 patients demonstrated a prolongation of emptying time in the control group (p less than 0.01). The patients' symptoms, however, did not correlate well with gastric emptying time. Follow-up assessment showed that a higher proportion of patients who did not undergo pyloroplasty suffered from symptoms of incomplete emptying while eating, but the difference was not statistically significant. Moreover, the proportion of patients who were free of postoperative symptoms gradually increased in both groups and reached 100% in the study group and 89% in the control group at 2 years. In the control group, two of the three patients with prolonged gastric emptying time complained of persistent regurgitation and distending discomfort after meals (18 and 24 months after surgery). They were the only two patients who might have benefited from a drainage procedure at the initial operation. Since there apparently were no reliable operative criteria by which to identify patients who might require drainage, and since the risk associated with pyloroplasty was negligible, it would seem reasonable to perform a pyloroplasty on every patient in whom the whole stomach was used for reconstruction after esophagectomy. This procedure would benefit the few patients who might manifest symptomatic gastric stasis.
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PMID:Is pyloroplasty necessary in esophageal replacement by stomach? A prospective, randomized controlled trial. 329 64

This paper reports a series of 52 patients with Barrett's (or columnar-lined) oesophagus from one medical unit diagnosed over a six-year period. The commonest associated symptoms were heartburn, regurgitation and dysphagia but 10 patients had no oesophageal symptoms and two had no symptoms at all. Gastrointestinal bleeding (overt or occult) was observed in almost one-third of patients. At diagnosis, 26 patients had oesophagitis, 23 had oesophageal ulceration and 10 had benign oesophageal strictures. An association between oesophageal ulceration and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ingestion was suggested by the data and patients with oesophageal ulceration were significantly older than patients with uncomplicated Barrett's oesophagus. No patient had adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus at diagnosis and neither carcinoma nor dysplasia were seen during a mean period of 16.4 months. However, 17 per cent of patients in the series had malignancies in other sites. Most patients did well on medical treatment and only two were referred for anti-reflux surgery (both for non-healing oesophageal ulcers). Barrett's oesophagus was seen in 10 per cent of patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux at endoscopy. Oesophageal ulceration in patients with Barrett's oesophagus made up 21 per cent of oesophageal ulcers seen and benign oesophageal stricture in patients with Barrett's oesophagus constituted 13 per cent of all benign strictures seen. Barrett's oesophagus is common in our population and despite complications, it can be managed successfully, at least in the short term, by conservative means.
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PMID:Barrett's oesophagus: a clinical study of 52 patients. 349 62

A total of 96 patients with gallbladder carcinoma in whom direct cholangiography clearly opacified the pancreaticobiliary ductal union and the common channel, and 65 patients with an anomalous union of these two duct systems at a distance greater than 15 mm from the papilla of Vater (normally less than 4.6 +/- 2.2 mm, mean +/- SD) were studied. It was found that this anomalous ductal union occurred in 16.7% of the patients with gallbladder carcinoma in comparison with an incidence of 2.8% among 641 consecutive patients with various hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases studied by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography who did not have gallbladder carcinoma. It was also found that gallbladder carcinoma occurred in 24.6% of the 65 cases of anomalous ductal union in comparison with a 1.9% incidence of this cancer among 635 consecutive patients similarly studied and found to have normal ductal union (p less than 0.001). Thus, a close etiologic association was suggested between this anomaly in the terminal segment of the biliary tract and gallbladder carcinoma. Of the 65 patients with anomalous ductal union, 50 had the so-called congenital cystic dilatation of the common bile duct and 15 did not. Five of the 50 (10%) and 11 of the 15 (73.3%) had gallbladder carcinoma (p less than 0.01), and this carcinoma seems to be related to anomalous ductal union rather than to cystic dilatation of the common bile duct. As a tumorigenic factor in this anomaly, regurgitation of pancreatic juice has been stressed.
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PMID:Association of gallbladder carcinoma and anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal union. 405 18

A retrospective study of the value of reconstructive surgery after total gastrectomy of gastric carcinoma in 118 patients who underwent different types of reconstructive procedures is presented. Dissatisfaction with established methods of reconstruction led to the development of a new technique. The new method was associated with less regurgitation, less dumping and functioned as a reservoir without undue delay in emptying time. It was associated with an improved quality of life in the postoperative period, with minimal dumping symptoms, maintenance of weight and the ability to return to work. The mortality and morbidity of the new method are acceptable and it thus offers not only an improved reconstructive procedure for total gastrectomy after resection for gastric cancer, but offers potential for reconstructive surgery after total gastrectomy carried out for other reasons.
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PMID:Total gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma: a retrospective study of different procedures and assessment of a new technique of gastric reconstruction. 727 92

Excellent clinical results with pulmonary autografts and experimental evidence that pulmonary valves can withstand the higher stress in the systemic circulation led us to use the cryopreserved pulmonary allograft for aortic valve replacement. From September 1988 until March 1993, 126 consecutive patients (61 +/- 10 years; 74 men and 52 women) underwent aortic valve replacement with a cryopreserved pulmonary allograft. All allografts were inserted freehand in the subcoronary position. There were four in-hospital deaths (3.2%), and 1 patient had severe valvular incompetence immediately postoperatively, requiring reoperation after 4 weeks. One hundred twenty-one patients were followed up in 3- to 6-month intervals for 25.3 +/- 16.3 months (range, 6 to 66 months), and valve performance was assessed routinely by means of color-flow Doppler echocardiography. Nine patients (7.1%) died during follow-up. Two patients died of multiple septic emboli during bacterial endocarditis, and 1 patient died of a massive stroke. The other 6 patients died of myocardial infarction (4), respiratory insufficiency due to chronic obstructive lung disease (1), and carcinoma (1). Ninety-four patients (78%) had absent or trivial aortic valve regurgitation. Valvular incompetence class II was present in 3 patients (2.5%), whereas 5 others (4%) demonstrated class II to III. Severe aortic regurgitation (class III or IV) could be detected in 10 patients (8.3%). All underwent reoperation and replacement of the valve with a prosthetic device. Bacterial endocarditis caused graft incompetence in 3 patients, valve degeneration was detected in another 3, and technical mistakes at valve implantation caused valve failure in the other 4.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Aortic valve replacement with cryopreserved pulmonary allografts: five years' follow-up. 764 56


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