Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We present a 38-year-old premenopausal Japanese woman with invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMC) of the left breast with minimal lymph node metastasis despite a huge size. The patient noticed a left breast mass and a bloody nipple discharge 2 years before admission. On admission, physical examination revealed a huge, elastic hard mass with skin ulcer 12x12 cm in diameter occupying the entire left breast. The patient underwent modified radical mastectomy with level III lymph node dissection, and the defect was reconstructed with a vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap. Histopathologically, IMC comprised about 60% of the tumor, admixed with papillotubular and mucinous carcinoma. Only one of twenty-five lymph nodes had tumor metastasis. The patient remains well 8 months postoperatively without any signs of recurrence.
 ...
PMID:Invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast with minimal regional lymph node metastasis regardless of the huge size: report of a case. 1463 15

The intimate histologic relationship of pregnancy-like hyperplasia (PLH) and cystic hypersecretory hyperplasia (CHH) has been previously reported. However, none of these published cases contained coexisting carcinoma. In this study, we describe 9 additional cases of this lesion, all of which also revealed ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) as well as invasive carcinoma in 1 case. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides were reviewed for all cases. All were women who ranged in age from 35 to 49 years (mean 42.0 years; median 42.5 years). Reasons for surgical biopsy were calcifications in 6, breast mass in 2, and nipple discharge in 1. One patient with a mass also experienced nipple discharge. Three women initially underwent needle core biopsy and 6 had an excisional biopsy. Six women ultimately had mastectomies. Histologically, 5 had CHH merging with coexisting PLH. Atypia was seen in one or both components. All 9 cases contained DCIS. Two cases showed micropapillary DCIS, one of which appeared to arise from atypical PLH, while 4 of the 7 cases containing cystic hypersecretory DCIS appeared to arise from coexisting atypical CHH. Well-differentiated invasive carcinoma was identified in 1 case adjacent to cystic hypersecretory DCIS. Subsequent sentinel lymph node biopsy in this case revealed micrometastatic disease. Clinical follow-up was obtained in 9 patients and ranged from 10 to 69 months. All patients were free of disease at the time of last follow-up. Careful clinical follow-up is recommended for lesions that display atypia in PLH, CHH, or a histologically combined lesion. If these lesions are found on a needle core biopsy specimen, an excisional biopsy is recommended. DCIS, usually micropapillary or cystic hypersecretory types, and rarely invasive carcinoma can arise in this setting. Affected patients are typically younger than those with more common types of breast carcinoma.
 ...
PMID:Carcinoma arising from preexisting pregnancy-like and cystic hypersecretory hyperplasia lesions of the breast: a clinicopathologic study of 9 patients. 1516 71

Nipple discharge may be a symptom of a variety of diseases. The importance of nipple discharge is its possible association with breast carcinoma. Not only the precise clinical evaluation but also particularly imaging evaluation by mammography, ultrasound, galactography or MR-galactography is necessary to establish the exact diagnosis and plan proper treatment. Depending on the underlying pathology--most commonly intraductal papilloma, fibrocystic changes or breast carcinoma--the optimal therapeutic regimen, such as single lactiferous duct excision on the one end and modified radical mastectomy on the other end of the spectra may be chosen.
 ...
PMID:[Diagnostic management of nipple discharge]. 1551 44

In this study a review of 1948 nipple discharge (ND) samples from 1530 patients in the age range of 18-83 years was undertaken to determine whether cytological findings from ND smears could provide useful diagnostic information regarding various breast lesions. The study included 1494 females and 36 males and was carried out during a period of 20 years 8 months. The clinical information in all patients was obtained from clinicians (coauthors), medical records and a review of biopsies in 205 patients who had undergone surgery following the cytodiagnosis. Of the ND samples examined, 1480 were unilateral while 468 were from 234 bilateral ND. The cytodiagnoses were: benign 624, inadequate (despite two to three repeat samples) 492, inflammatory 96, papillary lesion not otherwise specified (NOS) 229, suspicious 22 (21 females, one male) and malignant 67 (63 females, four males). A breast biopsy in the 22 suspicious cases revealed breast carcinoma in 18 cases (females n = 17, male n = 1), atypical ductal hyperplasia (female n = 1), fibroadenoma (female n = 1) and a papilloma in two females. In the 67 cases with a diagnosis of malignancy 65 revealed a breast carcinoma in the biopsy (female n = 62, male n = 3) while one female was diagnosed as fibroadenoma and one male as florid gynaecomastia. In 63 cases (females n = 61; males n = 2) with clinical lumpy areas consistent with the diagnosis of fibrocystic condition in ND, the biopsy confirmed a fibrocystic process. In 53 of 229 cases with ND findings suggestive of a papillary lesion (NOS) the biopsy revealed a papilloma in 41 cases while in 12 cases no lesion was found. In the remaining cases of all the groups only a clinical follow-up and appropriate investigations were performed with no untoward outcome. Based on our study it is felt that cytological examination of ND smears seems to be a reasonably specific method in the diagnosis of malignant and suspicious cases but may be somewhat less specific for other diagnoses.
 ...
PMID:The role of nipple discharge cytology in the diagnosis of breast disease: a study of 1948 nipple discharge smears from 1530 patients. 1560 66

We report a case of dirofilariasis of the breast occurring in a 6-yr-old Bernese female dog living in central Italy presenting with a breast lump, diagnosed on cytological examination of nipple secretion fluid smears. The direct smears of nipple discharge revealed clusters of glandular cells characterized by mild pleomorphic appearance and the presence of some nematodes of about 350 microm in length in the background. The smears also contained several inflammatory cells, including eosinophils. Both the Knott and the antigen tests were negative for Dirofilaria immitis. The morphological features of this round worm is compatible with that of Dirofilaria repens. The case describes an unusual finding of dirofilariasis presenting as a breast lump, simulating an inflammatory breast carcinoma.
 ...
PMID:Unusual finding in a nipple discharge of a female dog: dirofilariasis of the breast. 1563 69

Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is generally treated by conservative surgery alone and less often by mastectomy. We report our experience using conservative surgery and whole breast irradiation (WBI) for the treatment of patients with LCIS. From 1980 to 1992, 25 women with a median age of 54 years underwent lumpectomy (20) or quadrantectomy (5) and WBI (median dose: 52 Gy) for treatment of their LCIS. Five cases had palpable lesions, 19 were found by mammography alone and one case was found due to nipple discharge. Twelve women received tamoxifen at 20 mg/day for 2 years. With a median follow-up of 153 months (range 58-240), only one local recurrence was observed. The global rate of bilateral carcinoma was 17.6% (two synchronous and one metachronous). Until now, no case of LCIS treated by lumpectomy and radiation therapy has been reported in detail in the literature. After biopsy alone for LCIS, a subsequent infiltrating carcinoma occurs in approximately 15% of cases. Thus, classical radiosurgical therapy should represent an interesting alternative both for limited surgery alone and mastectomy, both of which have been proposed as sole treatments for LCIS.
 ...
PMID:Breast-conserving surgery and radiotherapy: a possible treatment for lobular carcinoma in situ? 1569 36

Nipple discharge is the third most common breast complaint after breast pain and breast mass. It is most often a benign process. Up to 50% women in their reproductive years can express one or more drops of fluid from the breast. Nipple discharge can be of several types, including milky, multicolored and sticky, purulent, clear and watery, yellow or serous, pink or serosanguinous, bloody or sanguinous. The characteristics of the nipple discharge help in the early diagnosis and management of breast disease. The most common cause of pathologic nipple discharge is a benign papilloma followed by ductal ectasia, and the least likely is carcinoma. Most nipple discharges are the result of a clinically insignificant benign process; therefore, less invasive, nonsurgical diagnostic modalities have been explored to reduce the need for surgical intervention. The evaluation and diagnosis of nipple discharge is important for the early detection of carcinoma, when present; and, in the case of benign disease, it is necessary to stop the incommodious discharge.
 ...
PMID:Evaluating nipple discharge. 1655 79

Bloody nipple discharge is a rare finding in infants and is associated most often with benign mammary duct ectasia. The rarity of this symptom in infants and its association with breast carcinoma in adults can lead to unnecessary investigation and treatment. Here we describe a 4-month-old boy with bilateral bloody nipple discharge that resolved spontaneously without treatment by 6 months of age. Furthermore, we propose a strategic method for the evaluation of such infants.
 ...
PMID:Bloody nipple discharge in an infant and a proposed diagnostic approach. 1658 92

Because nipple discharge is caused by carcinoma as well as benign disease, identification of intraductal abnormalities with ductography is important. Ductography is an invasive mammographic examination in which contrast material is injected directly into the duct. Failure to cannulate or extravasation may occur. Ductography shows evidence of lesions, such as filling defects, duct obstruction, or wall irregularity, but it does not reveal the lesion itself. Furthermore, ductography produces a two-dimensional image, so it does not show the shape of the dilated duct or the precise location of the intraductal lesion in the breast. We applied three-dimensional (3D) heavily T2-weighted imaging with fat suppression of the breast to produce MR ductography. The dilated ducts are seen in 3D as tubular structures with high signal, and intraductal abnormalities are seen as signal defects. Furthermore, MR ductography can show an obstructed duct that cannot be seen on ductography. We also performed 3D breast MRI with the intravenous infusion of contrast material to show the lesion itself. Finally, we fused these 2 volume images into a single 3D fused image that not only shows the existence of intraductal abnormality, but reveals the shape, size, and extent of lesion, allowing us to understand easily the relationship between the ducts with dilation and any intraductal lesions in the breast. We herein introduce and describe this noninvasive method and discuss various factors related to its diagnostic use.
 ...
PMID:Multi-volume fusion imaging of MR ductography and MR mammography for patients with nipple discharge. 1700 67

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the breast has become important not only for assessing the extent of breast cancer for breast-conserving surgery but also for the evaluation and diagnosis of other benign and malignant pathologies. We radiologists therefore need to know the appropriate indications for performing breast MRI and understand the MRI features of breast disease. We herein review and discuss the application of current pulse sequences and the imaging strategies for MRI of breast pathologies. We will illustrate the MRI features of various breast pathologies including malignant tumors such as invasive and noninvasive ductal carcinoma, special types of invasive carcinoma (mucinous, apocrine, lobular carcinoma, spindle cell carcinoma, and so on), inflammatory carcinoma, semimalignant tumor (phyllodes tumor), benign tumors (fibroadenoma, intraductal and intracystic papilloma), inflammatory conditions, and postsurgical changes. We will also demonstrate three-dimensional fusion images of MR ductography and breast MRI of patients with nipple discharge.
 ...
PMID:Atlas of breast magnetic resonance imaging. 1733 37


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>