Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The breast pathology files at the Institut Gustave-Russy in Villejuif, France, were searched for papillary cystadenomas and papillary carcinomas diagnosed between January 1, 1960, and December 31, 1974. A total of 158 cases were selected for this study; they were subclassified into 74 papillary cystadenomas, 63 papillary carcinomas, and 21 multiple papillomas. Spontaneous nipple discharge was the primary reason for consultation in 88% of solitary cystadenoma patients, 48% of multiple papilloma patients, and 23% of the carcinoma patients. The data support the benign nature of papillary cystadenoma inasmuch as none of the 73 patients treated with local excision developed cancer of the same breast, with only one patient having recurrence of the lesion. In contrast, multiple papilloma was associated with a high recurrence rate and malignant transformation. According to Scarff and Bloom's grading system, papillary carcinoma was found to be of low grade malignancy with a five-year survival rate of over 90%.
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PMID:Papillary tumors of large lactiferous ducts. 719

A case of male breast carcinoma is reported, whose only clinical sign was a serous nipple discharge. The presence in the cytologic smears of atypical epithelial cells organized in a papillary structure suggested a papillary neoplasia, which at the histologic examination was found to be a ductal carcinoma in situ.
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PMID:Male breast carcinoma in situ. Report of a case diagnosed by nipple discharge cytology alone. 765 52

We describe a case of intraductal carcinoma (comedo type) in a 50-yr-old male. The patient had presented with a bloody nipple discharge, which had shown malignant cells on cytologic examination. In current clinical practice, the use of nipple discharge cytology as a screening and diagnostic tool for breast carcinoma is largely supplemental; however, this case illustrates the occasional utility of nipple discharge cytology in the diagnosis of early breast carcinoma.
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PMID:Intraductal carcinoma in a male breast: diagnosis by nipple discharge cytology. 765 60

In this study, 56 women who presented to the breast clinic with nipple discharge have been reviewed. Patients were selected for surgery by a triple assessment of clinical examination, discharge cytology and breast imaging. Surgical intervention was required in 17 women. Significant pathology was found in 11 cases including five with carcinoma (in situ or invasive). Those women who did not have carcinoma detected at their initial presentation have been reviewed after a minimum of 5 years. None has gone on to develop breast cancer. We conclude that women with nipple discharge, but no positive findings on triple assessment, are not at an increased risk of the development of carcinoma. In addition, nipple discharge spontaneously resolves in 73% of women over a 5 year period.
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PMID:Prospective study of outcome in women presenting with nipple discharge. 770 20

In a patient with non-palpable breast carcinoma, c-erbB-2 gene amplification was detected by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the small number of breast carcinoma cells present in nipple discharge. Amplification of the c-erbB-2 gene is more frequent in carcinoma in situ than in invasive types. Detection by a PCR-based method may help diagnose non-palpable breast carcinoma with nipple discharge. Since this gene amplification is related to high proliferation, it might provide useful preoperative information regarding intraductal carcinoma of comedo type and predict responses to chemotherapy.
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PMID:Detection of c-erbB-2 gene amplification in nipple discharge by means of polymerase chain reaction. 774 37

Spontaneous nipple discharge as a presenting symptom was seen in 80 patients out of 3500 patients referred for cytologic examination of breast during last 5 years. Gross appearance of nipple discharge was bloody (33), serous (29), milky (16) and yellowish (2). Cytology smears showed 5 cases of carcinoma and 14 cases of intraductal papilloma. One out of two cases of male nipple discharge revealed malignant cells. Bloody nipple discharge was more often associated with carcinoma and intraductal papilloma. Hence it underscored the importance of cytologic evaluation of bloody nipple discharge.
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PMID:Cytologic evaluation of nipple discharge in relation to mammary neoplasia. 782 34

Thirty-seven patients with nonpalpable breast cancer treated between 1981 and 1992 were analysed. Twenty-five (68%) of the patients were detected by microcalcification of mammogram, 8 by nipple discharge and 4 by other means. Biopsy was carried out in all patients to get a final diagnosis and histopathological examinations were performed using continuous sections (especially the section with microcalcification). The incidence of noninvasive carcinoma was 59% (22 cases) and the remaining invasive carcinomas were 3 minimal lesions less than 0.5 cm, 3 lesions from 0.5 to 1.0 cm, 3 diseases more than 1.0 cm, and 6 invasive carcinomas with noninvasive ductal carcinoma predominant. Modified radical mastectomy was performed in 16 cases, partial glandectomy in 10 and other surgery including subcutaneous mastectomy in 11. All of the patients with nonpalpabl breast cancer showed a good prognosis because of early detection and early treatment. Mammography was useful to detect nonpalpable breast cancers with microcalcification.
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PMID:Nonpalpable breast cancer. 784 May 22

During the recent 5 years between 1988 and 1992, 254 cases of breast cancer were experienced in the Tsukuba University Hospital. Of them, 80 cases were palpable cancers measuring less than 2cm and 37 cases were nonpalpable cancers. The total of early cancers was 117 cases, 43.3% of all cases. Noninvasive carcinoma without minimally invasive carcinomas were 35 cases, 13.2% (ductal ca: 27, lobularca: 2, Paget ca: 6). According to the palpability of tumour mass, the sensitivity and accuracy rate of palpable early masses are 56.6% and 88.4% by physical examination, 57.9% and 96.4% by mammography, 77.6% and 82.5% by echography respectively. Those of nonpalpable diseases are 29.0% and 88.8% by physical examination, 42.9% and 91.2% by mammography, and 32.1% and 76.8% by echography. The sensitivity of echography for palpable breast cancer is extremely high. On the other hand, mammography is the most effective for nonpalpable cancer. For the detection of noninvasive carcinoma, characteristics of nipple discharge, measurement of CEA in nipple discharge and erosion of the nipple are other important factors.
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PMID:[Clinical diagnosis of early breast cancer]. 803 76

We have investigated the effects of preoperative radiotherapy on T1 N0 breast cancer and studied the relationships between residual cancer after lumpectomy and II clinicopathological factors. Radiotherapy was basically ineffective against intraductal carcinoma. However, in the preoperative radiation group, there were more hormone-receptor positive and histologically well-differentiated cases than in the non-radiated stage I patients. Mitotic figures were also significantly reduced after radiotherapy, whereas the expression of c-erb-B-2 protein was unchanged between the two groups. Residual cancer rates were 40% and significantly higher in patients with: 1) tumor diameters of 3.1 cm or larger; 2) tumors beneath or in the vicinity of the nipple-areola; 3) malignant calcifications noted in mammography findings; 4) serous or bloody nipple discharge, particularly with positive cytologic findings; 5) papillotubular carcinoma; 6) lymphatic invasion by tumor cells; and 7) a high degree (n > or = 4) of lymph node metastases. Our date indicate the varying radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells, the indications for hormone therapy and the prognostic usefulness of these seven clinicopathological factors in breast conservation therapy.
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PMID:[Problems of breast conservation therapy--residual cancers after lumpectomy and effects of preoperative radiotherapy]. 803 84

In a series of 9,312 women who consulted one of the authors with a complaint of disease of the breast between 1959 and 1991, nipple discharge was the presenting symptom in 448 (4.8 percent). Nipple discharge was spontaneous in 243 (2.6 percent) and provoked in 205 (2.2 percent) of the patients. The ages of the patients ranged from 13 to 75 years (mean of 42.5 years) in the spontaneous and 16 to 70 years (mean of 37.8 years) in the provoked discharge group. When a palpable mass was found, biopsy was undertaken, while in instances of nipple discharge only, subareolar exploration was performed. Of the 115 patients in the spontaneous and 25 patients in the provoked groups who underwent biopsy, the most frequent cause of nipple discharge was intraductal papilloma (47.8 percent). Nipple discharge was the result of carcinoma in 35 patients (14.4 percent) in the spontaneous and six patients (2.9 percent) in the provoked group, respectively. In patients with a palpable mass, the incidence of carcinoma was 61.5 percent compared with 6.1 percent in patients with nipple discharge only. Patients presenting with nipple discharge should undergo biopsy or subareolar exploration based on the presence or absence of a palpable tumor. The patients in whom no clinical findings could be detected should have follow-up evaluation at regular intervals.
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PMID:Management of nipple discharge. 816 84


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