Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sclerosing papillary duct hyperplasia occurs in various locations in the breast. In the nipple, the process produces a distinct clinicopathological entity referred to as nipple adenoma or florid papillomatosis (FP). Peripheral lesions have been termed radial scar and nonencapsulated sclerosing lesions. This report describes 12 women who presented with sclerosing papillary duct hyperplasia in the subareolar portion of the breast. The term subareolar sclerosing duct hyperplasia (SSDH) is proposed for this condition. The average age of the patients was 46 years (26-73 years). None of the lesions, which averaged 1.2 cm (0.6 to 2.0 cm), involved the nipple. All were beneath the nipple and/or areola or in the breast close to the areola. Three women had bloody nipple discharge but none had nipple erosion or other signs suggestive of Paget's disease. Five patients were well 9 months to 3 years, 9 months (average, 2 years, 7 months) after excisional biopsy. Two other patients had persistent SSDH reexcised 2 years, 6 months and 2 years, 10 months, respectively, after diagnosis. Both were well 1 year later. There is no follow up in two patients treated by excision. Three women are well after treatment by mastectomy. In one of those patients, intraductal carcinoma was found arising in SSDH. The clinical presentation of SSDH differs sufficiently from other proliferative duct lesions to warrant considering it a distinct disease process. It does not appear to be associated with a particular proclivity to evolve into carcinoma and short-term follow-up suggests that excisional biopsy is probably adequate therapy.
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PMID:Subareolar sclerosing duct hyperplasia of the breast. 356 55

The present investigation was undertaken to study the laterality of breast tumors on the basis of the Estonian Cancer Registry data for the period of 1968-1981 and special breast screening data for 1974-1983. The ratio of the patients with the left- and right-sided disease was 1.12 (p less than 0.001) for breast cancer, 1.75 (p less than 0.001)--for fibroadenomatosis of the mammary gland, and 1.43 (p less than 0.001)--for mastodynia. Left-sided carcinoma was more common in patients with left nipple discharge which was accompanied by "early menarche" more often than discharge from the right nipple (p less than 0.05). There was no significant difference in the patients' survival versus the laterality of breast cancer.
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PMID:[Prevalence of tumors in the left breast]. 359 Jun 67

The authors describe the way of operating the selective galactophorectomy and discuss the indications. Each pathological nipple discharge may reveal a carcinoma. The clinical characteristics of the discharge, the results of the cytology, of the mammography and the galactography help to come to a diagnosis. This can only be confirmed after a thorough histological examination of the involved duct. Selective galactophorectomy is a simple operation that hardly leaves any scars. According to the authors, this method has a real advantage to find the diagnosis and to treat pathological nipple discharge.
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PMID:[Selective galactophorectomy: technic and indications]. 403 97

In a review of 249 office patients who complained of nipple discharge, breast nodularity and duct ectasia was the cause in three quarters. The clinical diagnosis was made by observing that more than one duct was involved and by the color of the discharge. On average, the patients were 10 years younger than those with cysts and 20 years younger than those with carcinoma. In half, the discharge could persist or recur for months or years. Nipple discharge was not commonly associated with carcinoma, and when it was, the carcinoma was almost always palpable. Nipple discharge, including bloody discharge, should be regarded as a sign of a benign breast disorder, not of breast cancer. Duct papillomas can be recognized by exploring the single profusely discharging duct, regardless of the color of the discharge. Other than patients with an obvious lump, the only patients who require surgical exploration are those with a single profusely discharging duct, not because cancer is a significant possibility but merely to rid the patient of the nuisance of the continuing discharge from a duct papilloma. Of 249 patients with nipple discharge, breast nodularity and duct ectasia was the cause in 75 percent. The median age of these patients was the mid 30s. The discharge was chronic or recurring in half. Only 4 percent of all the patients with nipple discharge had an associated breast cancer. When cancer was present, an obvious lump was usually palpable. Bloody discharge was much more likely to be associated with benign breast disorders than cancer. A single profusely discharging duct should be explored regardless of the discharge color because of the likelihood of finding a duct papilloma.
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PMID:Management of nipple discharge by clinical findings. 404 Mar 31

Twenty-four cases of a solid benign tumour of breast ducts are described, for which we propose the name 'ductal adenoma'. The lesion consists of a single nodule or multiple nodules involving medium size and small ducts, but not major subareolar ducts. It presents as a palpable lump, and is not associated with a nipple discharge. Clinically, radiologically and macroscopically, it can simulate malignancy because of its occurrence in older age groups, frequent microcalcification and the firmness and irregularity of many lesions. Fibrous sclerosis sometimes results in distortion with apparent invasion of surrounding tissue. It can be mistaken for carcinoma both on frozen and paraffin sections. Differentiation into epithelial and myoepithelial cells is the most reliable criterion in the recognition of this lesion as benign. It has microscopic affinities with ductal papilloma, on the one hand, and with salivary-type adenoma, on the other. Ductal adenoma constitutes the third major type of adenoma in the breast, in addition to the already widely recognized nipple adenoma and tubular adenoma.
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PMID:Ductal adenoma of the breast: a lesion which can mimic carcinoma. 609 Jun 27

Abnormal nipple discharge is rare, constituting only 3-5% of mammary consultation. In the present paper 267 patients with primary nipple discharge operated on at Institut Gustave-Roussay (IGR) in Villejuif, France, between January 1, 1960 and December, 1974 were evaluated. In all cases, the nipple discharge was symptomatic, spontaneous, and represented the primary reason for the patient's consultation. During the same period 1,145 cases of nipple discharge were treated at IGR. Of the 1,145 cases with symptomatic nipple discharge, 267 patients (23%) required surgical intervention. Among these, fibrocystic disease and duct ectasia were the leading causes of nipple discharge occurring in 42% of surgical specimens. Twenty one per cent of the patients had carcinoma and 35% were found to have intraductal papilloma. The overall incidence of malignancy, however, was 4.8% among the 1,145 women with nipple discharge. On the average, patients with nipple discharge due to malignancy were ten years older than those with benign lesions (Table 2). Approximately 25% of patients with malignant discharge and 5% with benign discharge have associated tumor. Over 60% of the patients with both discharge and a mass had malignancy.
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PMID:Nipple discharge from the breast. 627 58

An analysis of 270 patients undergoing microdochectomy for nipple discharge from a single identifiable duct, and without an associated lump, revealed that occult cancers were all accompanied by hemoglobin positive discharge. A simple method of detecting the presence of hemoglobin in the discharge is described. The incidence of cancer was found to be 5.9%. In order of frequency, intraduct papilloma, duct ectasia, cystic disease, and carcinoma accounted for over 90% of the cases. Six patients in whom no malignancy was seen in the microdochectomy specimen subsequently developed cancer in the ipsilateral breast. A close follow-up of all patients with hemoglobin positive discharge and in whom no cause for the discharge is demonstrated at microdochectomy is stressed.
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PMID:The diagnostic value of testing for occult blood. 629 91

Galactography was performed in 204 women with a nipple discharge and the secretion confirmed histopathologically. All 116 intraductal tumors (papilloma, papillomatosis, carcinoma), which were associated with a serous or bloody discharge, were detected preoperatively. A palpable mass had little diagnostic significance, and exfoliative cytology was positive in only 11% (2/18) of the patients with carcinoma. The authors recommend that all patients with a spontaneous bloody or serous discharge from a single lactiferous orifice undergo galactography in addition to physical, cytological, and mammographic examination. Intraductal injection of methylene blue dye will demonstrate the affected duct system to the surgeon and can often make surgery less radical or even unnecessary.
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PMID:Galactography: the diagnostic procedure of choice for nipple discharge. 661 39

In order to investigate the cytologic characteristics of breast carcinoma in nipple discharge, 190 histologically proven cases of various breast lesions from 2,723 samples of nipple discharge were studied. The general criteria of malignancy as described for other organs applied also to the breast carcinoma cells. However, the breast carcinoma cells were generally smaller and less pleomorphic than those arising from other organs. In addition to the malignant features of individual tumor cells, the presence of a spherical cell cluster with a smooth rim was also an important finding suggestive of malignancy. The diagnostic rate of breast carcinoma increased significantly when the 190 cases were reexamined on the basis of the findings of this study.
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PMID:Cytologic diagnosis of breast carcinoma with nipple discharge: special significance of the spherical cell cluster. 693 79

A milky discharge may be of a benign endocrine nature, drug induced or secondary to a pituitary lesion. A clear or bloody discharge may be functional or related to benign or malignant breast lesions. Carcinoma is a very unusual cause of nipple discharge in the absence of a palpable mass or an abnormal mammogram. A unilateral bloody discharge without evidence of a tumor may stem from a benign intraductal papilloma. Careful follow-up evaluations are sufficient for a persistent nipple discharge, after serious pituitary and breast disorders have been ruled out.
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PMID:Nipple discharge. 719 28


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