Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 23-year-old woman, who had suffered recurrent acute bronchitis, dyspnoea, and stridor, was found to have a tracheal stenosis and complete left main bronchus obstruction. Biopsy of the tumour showed an adenoid cystic carcinoma. After pneumonectomy the trachea was closed through tumour tissue. Two weeks later a right thoracotomy showed that a tumour had invaded the trachea from the carina up to 6 cm and the right stem bronchus for 1 cm. Under extracorporeal circulation 7.5 cm of the trachea and right bronchus were resected. A direct tracheal anastomosis was easy to perform. Spontaneous respiration with efficient coughing returned after five days. Unfortunately, one month later, high fever caused by a lung abscess developed, which provoked a massive haemoptysis with fatal outcome.
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PMID:Surgical treatment of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the left main bronchus and trachea by left pneumonectomy, resection of 7.5 cm of trachea, and direct reanastomosis of right lung. 22 43

This retrospective study comprises 45 patients with subglottic carcinoma, arising either primarily or by spread from glottic carcinoma. The relevant literature is reviewed. Points of interest concerning the natural history of these carcinomata are: 1) The incidence of primary subglottic carcinoma was seven per cent of all laryngeal carcinomata and the incidence of subglottic spread of glottic carcinoma was 11.4 per cent. 2) At the time of presentation, vocal cord fixation was present in 40 per cent of the total group; 16 per cent of the true subglottic group had palpable nodes in the neck, and 5.5 per cent of the subglottic spread group. 3) Of the patients with true subglottic lesions, 44 per cent were women, 64 per cent presented with stridor and 32 per cent required emergency tracheostomy, 32 per cent developed distant metastases, half of these being in bone. 4) Only one of 45 patients developed mediastinal metastasis.
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PMID:The behavior of cancer affecting the subglottic space. 119 80

A retrospective study of cases with carcinoma of the larynx seen in the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) and General Hospital Kuala Lumpur (GHKL) between 1981 to 1988 was performed. The aim was to document the distribution and the pattern of behaviour of this tumour amongst our patients. There were 137 cases, the majority of whom were Chinese (54%). The peak incidence was in the seventh decade and the male to female ratio was 7.6:1. The most common symptom at presentation was hoarseness (90%). The most common histological type was squamous cell carcinoma (87%) whilst by site, transglottic involvement was commonest (55%). The overall 3 year survival rate was 68%. Supraglottic carcinoma behaved differently in that a significantly large number presented with dysphagia (33.3%) and neck nodes (42%). Compared to tumours of other sites of the larynx, they had the poorest 3 year survival rate of 50%. Amongst the T2 and T3 tumours, the results of surgery appeared better than primary radiotherapy. Considering that 26% of patients presented with stridor, 20% with neck nodes and 55% with multiple site involvement, it can be concluded that our patients present themselves late.
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PMID:Carcinoma of the larynx in Malaysia. 130 83

To determine the role of expandable metal stent (Wallstent) in treating tracheobronchial strictures, 12 patients with recurrent symptoms of airway obstruction due to either benign or malignant strictures were studied. The seven benign strictures were anastomotic stricture following sleeve resection (2) and single lung transplant (1), tracheal amyloidosis (1), idiopathic chondritis (2), and post-tracheostomy stricture (1). The five malignant strictures were due to recurrent adenoid cystic carcinoma of trachea (1), large-cell carcinoma of lung (1), recurrent laryngeal squamous carcinoma (1), squamous carcinoma of the trachea (1), and malignant melanoma (1). The placement of stents was performed under rigid bronchoscopic guidance with no complications. All patients with benign strictures derived subjective and functional improvement with stenting. No evidence of restenosis within the stented segment in six of the seven benign strictures was found within up to 24 months. Repeated diathermy resection was required in the patient with recurrent amyloidosis through the distal end of the stent. Among the malignant strictures, symptomatic relief was achieved in four of the five patients. One metal stent migrated proximally and was replaced by a Montgomery T tube. One patient with relief of stridor died at 4 months due to carcinomatosis. Tumour ingrowth through the metal stent remains problematic in two patients. However, the incidence of palliative interventions required has markedly reduced after stenting.
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PMID:Self-expanding metal stent for tracheobronchial strictures. 138 39

A 43-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with chief complaints of stridor and dyspnea. Bronchoscopy revealed a tumor obstructing almost the whole lumen of the trachea. As it was impossible to insert an endotracheal tube into the distal site of the stenosis in the mediastinum, we used partial cardiopulmonary bypass to maintain gas exchange. The axillary artery and the femoral artery and vein were cannulated for the bypass using local anesthesia. During 105 minutes of bypass, the PaO2 value was good but the PaCO2 value increased up to 70 mmHg. After the trachea was opened, the anesthetic gas was administered across the operative field through the endotracheal tube and the cardiopulmonary bypass was discontinued. Tracheolaryngectomy and permanent tracheostomy with relocation to the right and caudal side of the brachiocephalic artery was performed successfully. The post operative course was very smooth. The patient has been well for 6 months since the surgery. Partial cardiopulmonary bypass proved to be useful for maintaining gas exchange during reconstructive surgery of the trachea. We treated a case of tracheal carcinoma by resection while using partial cardiopulmonary bypass. We believe this is the ninth such case reported Japanese literature.
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PMID:[Resection of tracheal carcinoma using partial cardiopulmonary bypass--report of a case]. 140 75

Primary tumours of the trachea are rare and most of the symptoms relate to obstruction of the air passage leading to inspiratory and expiratory stridor. Unfortunately, the inclusion of malignant tracheal neoplasms in the differential diagnosis of onset of wheeze in adults is even more rare than the tumours themselves. We report a case where a tracheal adenoid cystic carcinoma presented symptoms suggestive of bronchial asthma. It is emphasized that delay by the physician in diagnosing tracheal tumours is the principal problem, and that adult patients who experience onset of stridor and dyspnoe and do not respond to accepted medical treatment deserve systematic radiographic and endoscopic evaluation of the entire air passage.
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PMID:[Malignant tracheal tumor--differential diagnosis in bronchial asthma]. 166 99

Most of the symptoms from a malignant tumor are caused by local invasion by the tumor, or obstruction, either at the site of the primary disease or by metastases. However, tumors can produce symptoms at a remote site. Patients with gastrointestinal malignancy may present with symptoms which include dysphagia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, bleeding and ascites. Palliation gastrectomy delays or prevents these symptoms. About 30% of gastric carcinomas are inoperable at the time of presentation. Chemotherapy is rarely effective in the palliation of gastric carcinoma. Laser irradiation can be delivered to assay site accessible to fibreoptic endoscopy, which is an advantage over endocavity irradiation or diathermy fulguration. Ascites is a common and disabling implication in patients with advanced malignant disease. Spironolactone will increase urinary sodium excretion significantly and control their ascites. If spironolactone fails to control, useful control can be achieved by draining the ascites. Patients with carcinoma of the lung may present with symptoms that include cough, bloody sputum and dyspnoea. Pain in the chest wall is usually secondary to invasion of the parietal pleura, ribs or intercostal nerves. Lesions in the medial portion of the right upper lobe, or mediastinal metastases, may invade or compress the superior vena cava, causing venous hypertension with oedema of the head and arms. The patients may complain of dyspnoea, dysphagia, stridor and headaches. Radiotherapy can be expected to improve the quality of life for these patients. Successful palliation of symptoms is almost related to tumor regression. The problems of obstruction and bleeding from malignant tumor is common. Recently, laser techniques have been applied to aid in palliation of these problems. Malignant effusion may occur early and be the first signs of metastases. The aim of therapy is to evacuate the fluid and induce pleural adhesion. One of the sad situations that we have to face is the patient with recurrent cancer which complains of various symptoms. The relief of symptoms is the most important palliative therapy to them.
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PMID:[Palliative therapy in cancer. 3. Palliation of the symptoms from a malignant tumor (1)]. 169 82

Twenty-seven main bronchial resections (19 left, 8 right) were performed without pulmonary resection between 1975 and 1991. The patients were 17 men and 9 women with an average age of 35 years (range, 20 to 65 years). Tumors comprised 55% of the lesions, including 9 carcinoid tumors (33%), 2 mucoepidermoid tumors, 2 fibrous histiocytomas, 1 hemangiopericytoma, and 1 large cell carcinoma. Scarring and stenosis secondary to multiple causes occurred in 10 patients (37%). Two patients had miscellaneous lesions. Presenting symptoms included dyspnea (52%), wheezing or stridor (44%), cough (41%), hemoptysis (37%), and pneumonia (18%). Preoperative chest roentgenogram was abnormal in 60% of patients, whereas tomograms delineated the lesion in 94%. All patients had bronchoscopy for lesion evaluation. Anesthesia was accomplished through a long single-lumen endotracheal tube in 19 cases and a double-lumen tube in 8 cases. Mobilization and exposure techniques to create a tension-free anastomosis were critical for left main bronchial resections and included pretracheal mobilization (100%), neck flexion (100%), tracheal and main bronchial retraction (85%), aortic and pulmonary artery retraction (44%), and intrapericardial hilar release (33%). All resections were for cure; there was no operative mortality. Morbidity in 4 patients (15%) included an anastomotic stenosis (successfully reresected), prolonged air leak and pneumonia, transient recurrent nerve palsy, and atelectasis. Median 5-year follow-up revealed 92% of patients alive, with only one of two late deaths being disease-related. Main bronchial resection is an ideal technique for selected benign and malignant lesions, allowing complete pulmonary parenchymal preservation.
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PMID:Main bronchial sleeve resection with pulmonary conservation. 175 80

Imminent asphyxia due to tracheal or bronchial compression by inoperable tumors in the mediastinum and the central bronchi is serious, particularly if alternative treatments, i.e., radiation or chemotherapy, have been exhausted. For that reason, stents of different diameters and lengths were developed that could be dilated. With the patient under general anesthesia these stents can be introduced into the stenotic bronchus or trachea through a rigid bronchoscope. The appropriate stent is mounted on a 3-mm balloon catheter, which is inflated after the stent is in the correct position. Positioning is done under direct bronchoscopic and fluoroscopic control. After deflation of the balloon, the stent maintains its cross-sectional shape and keeps the airway open. The first clinical application was in a 53-year-old patient with end-stage small-cell carcinoma. The patient had had a relapse after combined chemo- and radiotherapy and had severe stridor. Stent insertion led to a significant relief of symptoms. The second patient, a 53-year-old woman who suffered from collapse of the bronchus caused by a radionecrosis, was treated by the same method. Nine months later, ventilation is excellent in the left lung, and the patient can tolerate the stent without any clinical symptoms. A 69-year-old woman suffered from a tracheal carcinoma with severe tracheal stenosis. It was possible to maintain the stability of the collapsed tracheal wall by insertion of a tracheal stent. This new technique can provide good palliative treatment and is sometimes even the main therapy in such cases.
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PMID:[Stent implantation as a palliative measure in an inoperable bronchial tumor. Initial experiences with an endoscopically implanted stent]. 247 68

Radioactive iodine (131I) was used in the treatment of a 12-year-old female dog with hyperthyroidism resulting from a large, unresectable (and metastatic) thyroid carcinoma associated with signs of severe inspiratory stridor and dyspnea. Hyperthyroidism was diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs (polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss, nervousness) and high basal serum thyroxine (T4) concentrations, as well as thyroid radioiodine kinetic studies that showed a high radioiodine uptake into the thyroid (% thyroid uptake) and markedly increased serum concentrations of protein-bound iodine-131 (PB131I) after 131I tracer injection. Thyroid imaging revealed diffuse radionuclide accumulation by the tumor, which involved both thyroid lobes. The dog was treated with three large doses of radioiodine (131I), ranging from 60 to 75 mCi, given at intervals of 5 to 7 months. The dog became euthyroid, and the size of the tumor decreased by approximately 25% after each 131I treatment, improving the severe inspiratory stridor and dyspnea, but both the hyperthyroid state and breathing difficulty recurred within a few months of each treatment. The dog was euthanatized 5 months after the last treatment because of progressive tracheal compression and pulmonary metastasis.
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PMID:Radioactive iodine treatment of a functional thyroid carcinoma producing hyperthyroidism in a dog. 292 18


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