Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Infection of cells of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-negative human B-lymphoma lines BJAB and Ramos with EBV preparations from P3HR-1 or B 95-8 cells converted these cells to EBV genome carriers expressing Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA) in almost 100% of these cells. Induction of these cells as well as of clones from P3HR-1 EBV-converted BJAB cells with iododeoxyuridine, aminopterin, and hypoxanthine resulted in the appearance of a nuclear antigen in about 1-6% of the cells 1-4 days after induction. The antigen is different from known EBV-induced antigens like EBNA, viral capsid antigen (VCA) or the D- and R-subspecificities of the early antigen (EA) complex. It is demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence and inactivated after acetone fixation. The antigen was not detectable after induction of uninfected BJAB and Ramos cells nor has it been found in noninduced or induced P3HR-1 and Raji cells. Thus, it appears that EBV-infection mediates the expression of this antigen, for which the name TINA (transiently induced nuclear antigen) is suggested. Sera reacting against TINA generally contained high antibody titers against EBV-induced EA. Only a limited number of highly EA-reactive sera, however, were also positive for TINA. Among 200 sera tested thus far, TINA reactivity was most frequently observed in sera of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (7 out of 28), in sera of the only two patients with immunoblastoma tested and occasionally in sera from patients with Hodgkin's disease and chronic lymphatic leukemia. Among 70 sera from nontumor patients, TINA reactivity was observed three times: two patients suffered from "chronic" infectious mononucleosis, the other revealed persistent splenomegaly.
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PMID:Transient induction of a nuclear antigen unrelated to Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen in cells of two human B-lymphoma lines converted by Epstein-Barr virus. 18 13

A total of 433 samples of serum were collected from 305 patients with histopathologically proved anaplastic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Antibodies against viral capsid antigens (VCA) of Epstein-Barr (EB) virus were titrated by means of indirect fluorescent antibody technique, using P3HR-1 cells as the target. High anti-VCA antibody titer in patients with NPC was found beginning to decline at the end of radiotherapy. Most (66.7%) of the patients were found to have a detectable reduction in antibody titer within six months after radiotherapy. Persistent high antibody titer after treatment correlates to high risk of the recurrence of the disease. This prognostic importance of anti-VCA titer becomes apparent at the end of radiotherapy, significant (P less than .05) within one year after treatment, and highly significant (P less than .0005) over one year after treatment.
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PMID:Prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by Epstein-Barr virus antibody titer. 18 41

Studies on virus-induced animal tumors have provided indirect approaches to a search for viruses causing human malignancies. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the cause of infectious mononucleosis, served to illustrate the usefulness of these approaches in linking EBV with Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Despite its demonstrated intimate association with these tumors the role of EBV in their causation remains uncertain. While a passenger role seems excluded, it cannot be decided whether EBV is the primary or a secondary agent in the etiology of the tumors. If the primary cause, immunologic, genetic, virologic or other environmental factors are undoubtedly needed for EBV to express its obvious oncogenic potential. The data illustrate the difficulties encountered in proving a viral etiology of human malignancies.
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PMID:Evidence for an etiologic relation of the Epstein-Barr virus to human malignancies. 19 Apr 97

The association of the Epstein-Barr virus and two human malignancies, Burkitt's lumphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, is reviewed. Seroepidemiologic, virologic, and immunologic evidence is summarized, and several hypotheses regarding a possible etiologic role for the Epstein-Barr virus in these tumors are presented. With our current state of knowledge we cannot conclude that the Ipstein-Barr virus is oncogenic in man, nor can we yet ascertain the biological and clinical significance of its association with Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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PMID:Epstein-Barr virus and human malignancy. 19 Sep 30

Although elevated antibody levels to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) have been reported in a number of lympho-proliferative neoplasms, it has not been possible to determine whether these antibodies were the result of a specific response to an oncogenic agent (EBV), whether they were a non-specific humoral compensation for depressed cell-mediated immunity (CMI), or whether a different mechanism was responsible. We have previously shown in a group of lymphoma patients that depressed cellular immunity to a number of standard antigens (Candida, SKSD, etc.) is not associated with an increase in antibody to EBV. In this study, we tried to compare CMI to possible EBV and lymphoid cell line antigens with humoral antibody to EBV. The two basis CMI assays utilized were lymphocyte cytotoxicity (LC) and skin testing (ST) for delayed hypersensitivity. In the LC assay, an EBV-containing cell line (F265) was used as the target. Reactivity against F265 was stronger in normal individuals than in cancer patients, suggesting a relationship to general cellular immune competence. ST studies showed that membrane extracts from lymphoid cell lines derived from patients with Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) were more likely to elicit a delayed hypersensitivity in lymphoma and NPC patients than cell lines derived from normal individuals. Patients with ST reactivity against the membrane preparations from the tumour-derived cell lines were as likely to have elevated EBV antibodies as patients without such reactivity. The data strongly indicated that the elevated EBV titres in lymphoma patients are not related to a specific or non-specific depression of CMI.
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PMID:Humoral and cellular immunity to EBV and lymphoid cell line antigens in human lymphoma. 19 66

The leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay was utilized as a test for cellular immunity to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antigens in 22 patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM), 47 patients with lymphoma, 101 carcinoma patients, and 84 subjects without cancer. Response to EB virion ("v") antigen was generally present at the time of diagnosis in the IM patients but the response to EB soluble ("S") antigen was delayed. An increased CMI response to "v" antigen was found in patients with IM, Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma as compared to controls with and without cancer. Patients with Hodgkin's disease had depressed responses to the EBV-associated "S" antigen. The finding of increased LAI responses to "v" antigen in Hodgkin's disease patients with high EBV antibody titers conflicts with previous reports attributing high antibody responses against EBV to a generalized depressed cell-mediated immunity.
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PMID:Lymphocyte responses to EBV-associated antigens in infectious mononucleosis, and Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients, with the leukocyte adherence inhibition assay. 19 8

Sera from patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a disease associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), were found to be cytotoxic at 15% degrees C in the presence of complement for a panel of human lymphocytes, with a higher frequency than those of matched controls. The cold lymphocytotoxic antibodies (LTA) responsible for this activity have the same properties as those described in sera from individuals with acute viral infections. The frequency and geometric mean titres (GMT) of LTA varied with the origin of the patient (Chinese larger than North African larger than Caucasian) and the stage of the disease (Stage IV larger than Stage I). A positive correlation between LTA and anti-EBV titres was found with regard to antibodies to the viral capsid antigen (VCA) and the EBV-specified nuclear antigen (EBNA). The absence of correlation between LTA and anti-early antigen (EA) titres probable reflects the complex relationships existing between viral infection and LTA production, but is compatible with the hypothesis that LTA acts as an immune regulatory mechanism in viral infections.
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PMID:Cold lymphocytotoxic antibodies in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. 19 60

Neoplasms of the nasopharynx are rare in children, but they threaten the child's life when they do occur. The nasopharynx tends to harbor dysontogenetic neoplasms. After classification into benign and malignant groups, nasopharyngeal neoplasms in children can be further characterized according to the age of the patients in which the clinical manifestations usually appear. Dermoids and teratomas are the most frequently encountered neoplasms of the nasopharynx in infants and may produce airway obstruction and dysphagia. Among the benign tumors of the nasopharynx in children, the juvenile angiofibroma deserves the most attention. With the onset in puberty, these neoplasms may cause recurrent massive bleeding and orbital and intracranial complications. Evaluation of the extent of the neoplasm and the source of the blood supply has been improved with bilateral selective internal and external carotid angiography. Intracranial and orbital invasion is regarded as an indication for radiotherapy. Surgery has been made somewhat safer by preoperative estrogen therapy and angiographic embolization of the major arterial supply. Patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the nasopharynx have immunologic similarities to patients with Burkitt's lymphomia and infectious mononucleosis; The etiologic role of the Epstein-Barr virus is considered. The parts played by radiation therapy, surgery, chemotherapy, and cryosurgery in the treatment of children with carcinoma of the nasopharynx are discussed. The value of radical neck dissection after radiation therapy is critically reviewed. The prognosis in patients with carcinoma of the nasopharynx is better in females than in males and better in children than in adults.
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PMID:Neoplasms of the nasopharynx in children. 19 80

Explants of fresh biopsy specimens from non-neoplastic nasopharyngeal (NP) mucosa, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), other tumours (OT) of the head and neck and freshly removed tonsils were treated with an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) preparation from B95-8 cells and cultured. The mainly epitheloid outgrowths from these infected explants were then compared with those from their respective uninfected controls at 14 days. Growth stimulation occurred with a significantly higher frequency, and the degree of stimulation was generally higher with the infected NP explants than those of the similarly infected explants of other origins. Furthermore, after treatment with the virus preparation, several of the outgrowths from the NP explants showed growth characteristics and cellular morphology typical of those of transformed cells. Light microscopy has shown the changed NP cells to have epithelial characteristics. This is now being verified by electron microscopy, which has so far shown the presence of keratin fibrils and desmosomes in one specimen examined. They are also being examined for the presence of EBV-DNA and EBNA, and other features of transformation, including malignant tendency, by passage through athymic nude mice.
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PMID:Possible transformation of nasopharyngeal epithelial cells in culture with Epstein-Barr virus from B95-8 cells. 19 48

Smooth muscle antibodies (SMA) with specificity for actin, were found with a higher frequency in sera from Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients than in sera from matched controls. No correlation could be found between SMA and anti-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibody titres. There was no parallelism, in individual sera, between the finding of SMA and the occurrence of cold lymphocytotoxins, aother antibody activity found with an abnormally high frequency among BL and NPC patients. The reason why actin, a weak antigen in experimental animals, may become immunogenic in humans remains unexplained.
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PMID:Smooth muscle antibody in Burkitt's lymphoma and in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. 19 62


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