Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An indirect immunofluorescence (IF) test on fixed cells with Evans' blue counterstain is described for all four human herpesviruses, i.e., herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Comparison with immunodiffusion (ID) for HSV-2 and with ID and complement fixation (CF) for VZV and CMV demonstrated the specificity and high sensitivity of the IF test. Also introduced is a modification of the anti-complement immunofluorescence (ACIF) test for EBV-determined nuclear antigen (EBNA), permitting simultaneous titration of antibodies to this nuclear antigen and of the anti-nuclear factor (ANF). Seroepidemiological studies of these viruses in patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) in the Netherlands revealed the following pattern: (1) in nodular sclerosing (NS) HD there is a 4-fold (significant) elevation in antibody titer to EBV-VAC, but no elevation to EBV-EA and EBNA; (2) in mixed cellularity (MC) HD a 10-fold (significant) elevation to both EBV-VCA and EA, but no elevation to EBNA is found compared to the control groups. These patterns in NS and MC HD are different from the pattern in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) which manifests elevations in antibody titers to EBV-VCA and EA as well as to EBNA. Antibody titers to HSV, VZV and CMV are not significantly elevated in either HD or NPC.
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PMID:An immunofluorescence technique with counterstain on fixed cells for the detection of antibodies to human herpesviruses; antibody patterns in patients with Hodgkin's disease and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. 6 99

In an attempt to qualitatively identify the membrane antigen (MA) complex induced by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection of lymphoblastoid cells, superinfected Raji cells were surface labelled with 125I by the lactoperoxidase method and solubilized with Triton X-100, then the 125I-labelled membrane proteins were precipitated by sera containing high antibody titers to MA. Analysis of these immune precipitates on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel eletrophoresis identified four major EBV-specific membrane proteins with molecular weights (mol. wt) of 280,000, 250,000, 170,000 and 90,000. Sera from patients with Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and infectious mononucleosis (IM) and from EBV-infected disease-free individuals showed differential patterns of reactivity to these antigens with some sera only recognizing three or less of the antigens. The results from invesigations with these sera also indicated that these major proteins were not related to EBV-induced viral capsid antigens (VCA) or the virus-associated early antigen (EA) complexes as defined by immunofluorescence. Metabolic labelling of EBV-infected Raji cells with [14C]glucosamine, followed by Triton X-100 solubilization and radioimmune precipitation, identified the 280,000, 250,000 and 90,000 components as glycoproteins. The lactoperoxidase-labelled 170,000 molecular weight component was not significantly glycosylated and, therefore, could not be categorized as a glycoprotein on the basis of this study. In addition, a glycoprotein with a mol. wt of 130,000 was identified by this approach which also appeared to be specified by EBV. The results from these investigations, therefore, indicated that the EBV-induced MA complex was composed of four major glycoproteins and one nonglycosylated high mol. wt protein.
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PMID:Epstein-Barr virus-induced membrane antigens: immunochemical characterization of Triton X-100 solubilized viral membrane antigens from EBV-superinfected Raji cells. 8 99

Coded sera from 54 patients with African Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) were titrated for antibodies against an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-induced membrane antigen in the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) assay. The titers were then correlated with the progression of lymphoma growth following chemotherapy. In 74% of the patients with high ADCC titers (greater than 3,840), lymphomas showed partial or complete regression following therapy. In the medium-titered group (240-3,840), 36% of the lymphomas showed some response to therapy, while only 29% of the lymphomas in the low group (less than 240) responded to treatment. These preliminary results indicated that, as previously reported for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, ADCC titers may be a prognotic value in patients with this EBV-associated disease. In an attempt to determine the identity of the ADCC antigen, some of these sera were examined for antibody to the four major MA components so far identified in the membrane of EBV-infected Raji cells. Sera with high ADCC titers in general contained antibody to the four major MA components, while low-titered sera usually contained antibody to three or less of these proteins. There were exceptions to this pattern, however, indicating that the ADCC antigen might differ from the four EBV-induced membrane components so far identified.
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PMID:Epstein-Barr virus-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in patients with Burkitt's lymphoma. 9 78

Fourteen tumors of the nasopharyngeal region were analyzed for the presence of Epstein-Barr virus-specific DNA by DNA-cRNA hybridization. These data were compared to the histology of the respective tumors and the seroreactivity of the tumor-bearing patient against EBV-related antigens. With one exception, all tumor pieces containing nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells hybridized significantly with EBV-cRNA. Tumors of predominantly epithelial morphology annealed in the highest range. In situ-hybridization of freeze sections from a tumor containing almost equal amounts of tumor cells and lymphocytes revealed hybridizing DNA within nuclei of non-lymphoid cells. Although these data do not exclude the presence of EBV-DNA within lymphoid cells, they clearly demonstrate that in nasopharyngeal carcinomas the vast majority of EBV-specific DNA rests within non-lymphoid cells.
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PMID:Attempts to detect virus-specific DNA sequences in human tumors. III. Epstein-Barr viral DNA in non-lymphoid nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. 16 92

Serum antibody titers to Epstein-Barr virus were significantly elevated in a group of twenty-three patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma as compared with eighty-six patients with cancer of other sites in the head and neck and 222 age-matched controls. Our findings in this group of patients support the suggestion of an association between the Epstein-Barr virus and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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PMID:Epstein-Barr Virus antibodies in patients with carcinoma of the nasopharynx and carcinoma of other sites in the head and neck. 17 Aug 38

Clinical and histological examination of a cervical lymph node, removed from a 15-year-old boy, revealed nasopharyngeal carcinoma as the probable diagnosis. But the decisive diagnostic pointer was a markedly raised Epstein-Barr virus antibody titre, which gives the diagnosis at a time when there may not as yet be clinical evidence of carcinoma. Serial serum titre determinations are of prognostic value: with increasing spread of the tumour there is a rise in antibody titre. Autopsy confirmed that the nasopharynx had been the site of the primary tumour.
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PMID:[Occult nasopharyngeal carcinoma (author's transl)]. 17 7

Seven children with carcinoma of the nasopharynx have been treated and followed for five years. In this group of patients there were no cranial nerve palsies or radiographic evidence of destruction of the base of the skull. Four of the seven patients are living and well. The development of lymphoepithelioma in two siblings is of great interest from an environmental and genetic point of view. The older sibling developed the clinical manifestations of the tumor at 12 years of age and four years later the younger sibling developed them at 14 years of age. The possible etiologic relationship of carcinoma of the nasopharynx to the Epstein-Barr virus is discussed. The good survival rate in these patients under 21 years of age suggests that the prognosis in carcinoma of the nasopharynx is better in the younger age group than in adults. The management of these patients illustrates that carcinoma of the nasopharynx should be managed as a regional rather than a systemic disease. Systemic drug therapy is sometimes advocated because of confusion over the name lymphoepithelioma on the assumption that these tumors are more related to lymphomas and lymphosarcomas than carcinomas. It is clear that lymphoepitheliomas should be managed as carcinomas.
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PMID:Carcinoma of the nasopharynx in children. 17 35

Sera collected from patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC, 321 cases), cancer of the other sites (297 cases), diseases of the ear, nose and throat (64 cases) and neighborhood controls matched for age and sex (817 cases) were titrated for antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) by the indirect immunofluorescence antibody technique. High anti-EBV antibody titers (greater than or equal to 1:640) were noted in 55% in patients with NPC but only less than 31% were noted for the other 3 groups. The differences in the distributions of anti-EBV antibodies are statistically significant. The geometric mean levels of the antibody titers were 1:342 for the patients with NPC but less than 1:178 for the other 3 control groups. The relative risks shows that more than 40 times higher risk for those with equal to or higher than 1:640 antibody titers than those with lower than 1:40. The patients with NPC also show for higher ridit scales than the other 3 groups. The etiology of NPC was discussed with our findings.
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PMID:Anti-Epstein-Barr virus antibody in patients with cancer of various sites and control groups. 17 99

Stimulated by a report on elevated IgA levels in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), we tested a total of 372 sera from patients with NPC, other carcinomas of head and neck or elsewhere, Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), infectious mononucleosis (IM) or healthy controls. The sera were titrated in indirect immunofluorescence tests for IgA antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) capsid antigen (VCA) and to the diffuse (D) or restricted (R) components of the EBV-induced early antigen (EA) complex. The results proved NPC to be outstanding in that prior to therapy 93% of the patients tested revealed IgA antibodies to VCA and 73% to D, often at high titers which occasionally matched the corresponding IgG antibody levels. The EBV-specific IgA titers increased from stages I or II to stages III or IV; i.e. with the total tumor burden. Conversely, many of the NPC patients examined 2-6 years after initial therapy had only low levels of EBV-specific IgA or none at all, and the majority of those with high titers were known to have residual or recurrent disease. In contrast to untreated NPC patients, less than 5% of 73 patients with other carcinomas or of 76 healthy donors revealed VCA-specific IgA and even fewer EA-specific IgA; only 28% and 4% of 54 BL patients tested at admission had IgA antibodies to VCA and R, respectively, and 38% and 3% of 37 IM patients showed transient VCA- or D-specific IgA responses, all at generally low titers. While sera from untreated NPC patients often contained IgA antibodies also to herpes simplex type 1 virus, their incidence and range of low titers were similar to those obtained with sera from patients with other carcinomas or from healthy donors. It thus appears that the elevated IgA levels in NPC might be due to EBV-specific antibodies. Possible reasons for this unique response in NPC have been discussed.
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PMID:Epstein-Barr virus-specific IgA serum antibodies as an outstanding feature of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. 17 20

Various biopsies from different European malignant lymphomas, two biopsies from nasopharyngeal carcinomas, and material from non-neoplastic lymph nodes were assayed for the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA by nucleic acid hybridization. Reassociation kinetics of in vitro-labelled EBV DNA were studied in the presence of tumor DNA. The lymphomas tested included among others follicular lymphomas, germinocytomas, immunoblastic lymphomas and lymphoplasmacytoid immunocytomas. Epstein-Barr viral DNA was demonstrated within the two nasopharyngeal carcinoma biopsies as expected. A histologically typical Burkitt lymphoma as well as an immunoblastic lymphadenopathy with excessive plasmacytosis also contained EBV-DNA. The Burkitt biopsy revealed about 15 EBV genome equivalents per cell. Antibodies against EBV-specific antigens were highly elevated in the serum of this patient. The material of the patient with immunoblastic lymphadenopathy contained 2-3 EBV genome equivalents per cell.
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PMID:Attempts to demonstrate virus-specific sequences in human tumors. IV. EB viral DNA in European Burkitt lymphoma and immunoblastic lymphadenopathy with excessive plasmacytosis. 17 27


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