Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One hundred and twenty-seven cultured human tumor cell lines produced tumors after sc inoculation of 1-20 million cells into nude mice. They included 56 carcinoma lines, 14 sarcoma lines, and 57 lines from miscellaneous tumors and were all glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase type B. Twenty-nine percent of the lines produced tumors of 1 cm3 size within 1 month and 41% in the second month after inoculation. The histopathology correlated with the human tumor of origin in all cases.
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PMID:One hundred and twenty-seven cultured human tumor cell lines producing tumors in nude mice. 32 80

Water-soluble monoethers of sucrose and fatty acids were obtained from Trypanosoma lewisi and Astasia longa. The maximum tolerated dose of the preparations on their single intraperitoneal administration was more than 25 g/kg. The doses of 10--40 mg/kg were used repeatedly in therapy. Carcinoma 755, Lewis carcinoma, sarcoma 45, sarcoma 37 and sarcoma 180 were sensitive to the preparations. The preparations were inactive against experimental leukemia.
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PMID:[Antitumor activity of fatty acid derivatives isolated from protozoa]. 33 51

Results from radiotherapeutic treatment of 200 patients with malignant tumors of the esophagus are reported. The principal part is represented by squamous cell carcinomas with 88%, followed by adenocarcinomas with 4.5%, by more or less differentiated solid carcinomas with 4%, and small cell carcinomas with 1.5%. Sarcoma was found in three cases, one of them a myosarcoma, another a reticulosarcoma. An ectopic carcinoma of the gastric glands was present in one case. The staging was performed according to the TNM system. A focal dose of 6000 to 6500 rd within 6 or 8 weeks was tried for, using 60Co-gamma-rays. The one-year and five-year survival rates in stage T2N0M0 amounted to 80% and to 17%; no survival was obtained in stage T3N0M0. Out of the total of stage T2-3N0M0 cases 24% obtained one-year survival, and 2% five-year survival. In stages T3N2-3M0 and T3Nx-3M1 after one year 9% and 7% of the patients were alive. The mean survival time of stage T2N0M0 cases was 30.5 months; of T3N0M0, 7.3 months; of T3N1-3M0, 5.2 months; of T3Nx-3M1, 3.8 months. The one-year and five-year survival rates, being related to the irradiation dose administered, amounted to 28% and to 2% after a minimum dose of 5000 rd to the focus. With less than 5000 rd, none of the patients survived two years. The bad results of treatment demand new therapeutic pathways. Short-term pre-irradiation followed by surgical treatment is discussed as well as a combined radiation therapy with cobalt-60 and neutrons or a combined radio-chemotherapy using cytostatics.
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PMID:[Radiation therapy and treatment results in carcinoma of the esophagus (author's transl)]. 33 87

The antitumor effect of Ser. marcescens nuclease, modified by covalent binding using the method of diazocoupling with m-aminobenzyloxymethyl dextran of molecular weight 20 000, 40 000, 60 000, exceeds 3--4 times the antitumor effect of the native enzyme in relation to Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in contact tumor cells exposure. In intramuscular injection of the enzyme the nuclease preparation modified by dextran of molecular weight 40 000 showed the greatest antitumor activity against Ehrlich carcinoma and sarcoma 37.
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PMID:[Antitumor action of Ser. marcescens nuclease covalently bound to soluble dextrans]. 33 37

Cytoplasmic membrane of Group A streptococcus has been obtained by treatment of the cells with a phage-associated lytic enzyme to dissolve the streptococcal cell wall, followed by shocking osmotically. The protoplast membrane fraction (PMF) remained as a distinct homogeneous structure in the electron micrograph and analysis showed a low rhamnose content. Febrile response produced by PMF was very slightly exhibited or not at all. PMF showed weak suppression against the growth of rat Yoshida sarcoma cells in culture and inhibition of [3H]-uridine incorporation into the sarcoma cells in vitro. In vivo antitumor experiments demonstrated that PMF has a mild inhibiting effect against mouse Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, though there was not observed a definite correlation between survival rate and dose level. Antitumor activity of PMF was thermo-labile and was strikingly abolished by treatment with a bacterial enzyme, Nagarse, but not so much by alpha-chymotrypsin.
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PMID:Antitumor activity of protoplast membrane from group A streptococcus. 34 Jul 33

The antitumor activity of hot-water extract of delipidated BCG was investigated in mice inoculated with Sarcoma-180 cells and Ehrlich carcinoma cells, respectively. The hot-water extract was found to be effective when administered after and ineffective when administered before the inoculation of tumor cells. When this extract was given with anticancer drugs, such as Mitomycin C and cyclophosphamide, a combined effect was obtained in the treatment of Sarcoma-180 and of Ehrlich carcinoma.
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PMID:Antitumor activity of hot-water extract from delipidated BCG. 35 96

Human melanoma cells were examined in an indirect membrane immunofluorescence assay for surface nerve growth factor (NGF) and NGF receptors. This assay revealed that human melanoma cells have various levels of NGF and NGF receptors on the plasma membrane, whereas a variety of human sarcoma and carcinoma tumor cells and normal human fibroblasts are negative. Surface NGF could be detected on melanoma cells with a rabbit antiserum directed to NGF at titers as high as 1:64; prior adsorption of this antibody with mouse 2.5S NGF resulted in a loss of fluorescence. The melanoma cells were positive whether or not they were grown in the presence of fetal calf serum. NGF production by human melanomas is a previously unrecognized property of this differentiated cell type. Although other cells in culture have been shown to produce NGF, the association of NGF production with the presence of NGF receptors on the cell surface is rare among tumor cells, and may represent an opportunity for "autostimulation" of melanoma cells by this growth factor.
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PMID:Human melanoma cells have both nerve growth factor and nerve growth factor-specific receptors on their cell surfaces. 37 35

VM-26, a semisynthetic podophyllotoxin, was tested for antitumor activity and clinical toxicity in 181 children. The drug was administered iv at weekly intervals, beginning at a dose of 130 mg/2/week. The dose was increased, as tolerated, after 3 and 6 weeks to 150 and 180 mg/m2/week, respectively. The only major toxicity was hematologic, with neutropenia predominating. Anaphylaxis occurred in one patient. The drug demonstrated significant activity in acute lymphocytic leukemia (four responses among 15 patients) and neuroblastoma (ten responses among 31 patients). Objective responses were also noted in one patient each with acute myelogenous leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, histiocytic lymphoma, Wilms' tumor, Ewing's sarcoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, and sacrococcygeal sarcoma. Further trials of VM-26 in these childhood malignancies are warranted.
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PMID:Phase II study of VM-26 in acute leukemia, neuroblastoma, and other refractory childhood malignancies: a report from the Children's Cancer Study Group. 38 Aug 3

An outpatient regimen of oral high-dose methotrexate was studied in 14 patients with solid tumours over 12 months. Detailed pharmacokinetic analysis in five patients showed high oral bioavailability (mean +/- SE of mean 87.6 +/- 1.5%), indicating that with this regimen oral methotrexate was well absorbed and the first-pass effect low. Oral administration resulted in peak plasma methotrexate concentrations of 8.4 +/- 0.5 mumol/l (382 +/- 23 microgram/100 ml) and was almost as effective as intravenous administration, which achieved peak concentrations of 9.9 +/- 0.4 mumol/l (450 +/- 18 microgram/100 ml). In all 14 patients the clinical response to oral treatment was comparable to that reported to intravenous administration of high-dose methotrexate used in combination with other cytotoxic drugs. The disease-free interval in cases of adult sarcoma was 7.4 +/- 1.3 months and the relapse rate 29%. Out of four patients with small-cell carcinoma, two showed an objective response to oral treatment. We suggest that oral high-dose methotrexate given in divided doses is a rational alternative to expensive intravenous high-dose methotrexate regimens, but further clinical evaluation is necessary.
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PMID:Comparison of intravenous and oral high-dose methotrexate in treatment of solid tumours. 42 Oct 88

Immunoglobulins were isolated by affinity chromatography from sera of two patients with melanoma, one with sarcoma, and one with carcinoma. The affinity columns were prepared by covalently linking the membrane-rich fraction of biopsied melanoma cells to cyanogen bromide-activated agarose beads. The membrane-rich fractions were prepared by two methods: (a) hypotonic cell lysis, and (b) homogenization and differential centrifugation. Melanoma sera were autologous to melanoma membrane preparations. The isolated immunoglobulins showed immunoreactivity against antigens prepared from melanoma, sarcoma, and carcinoma cells by complement fixation but not against antigens prepared from normal human liver and lung tissues. Absorption of the isolated immunoglobulins with rabbit anti-human immunoglobulin immunobeads resulted in complete elimination of the complement-fixing antibody titer in one instance, whereas reduction occurred in other samples. Similar absorption with rabbit anti-human immunoglobulin M immunobeads resulted in reduction, but not complete elimination, of the antibody titers against target tumor cell preparations. These results suggest the presence of immunoreactive immunoglobulin G in all immunoglobulins and immunoglobulin M in some. Absorption of the isolated immunoglobulins with cultured sarcoma cells reduced but did not completely abolish antibody activity against autologous or allogeneic melanoma target antigen, whereas it did completely abolish activity against sarcoma target antigen. However, absorption with cultured allogeneic melanoma cells abolished the antibody activity against melanoma as well as sarcoma target antigens. The antibody titers of the isolated immunoglobulins were not affected by absorption with cultured lymphoblastoid cells. Since cultured melanoma and sarcoma cells were known to contain oncofetal antigen(s), these results suggest that the isolated immunoglobulins from cancer sera by melanoma membrane affinity chromatography were of at least two specificities: (a) antioncofetal; and (b) antitumor associated. The former group may be comprised of antibody to cross-reactive antigens associated with different histological types of tumors. However, it was apparent that a portion of the antibody activity was against common tumor-associated antigen(s). These results provide further evidence for the presence of common antigen(s) associated with biopsy specimens of human malignant melanoma.
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PMID:Isolation and immunochemical characterization of antibodies from the sera of cancer patients which are reactive against human melanoma cell membranes by affinity chromatography. 42 6


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