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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Results of management of a closed series of primary bladder carcinoma over a 20-year period by a multidisciplinary team are presented. Patients were classified by the TNM method before treatment. These experiences indicate that stage and grade are relevant to prognosis and treatment. The TNM classification can be precise and practical when used diligently by a treatment team. Although no new methods of treatment are offered, the treatment now available may be utilized to better effect if programmed to allow care of the patients by a team, especially if the team explores the limits of radiation and surgery in their hands.
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PMID:Management of primary bladder cancer by a multidisciplinary team. 49 11

Five-year survival rates for all 519 women with breast carcinoma in northern Alberta in 1971 and 1972 were analysed with the use of data from the computerized northern Alberta breast registry and the Alberta cancer registry. The relative 5-year survival was 73%, which is higher than most rates reported from other centres. Lymph node involvement was significant as a prognostic factor, with the relative 5-year survival falling from 92% in the group without lymph node involvement to 58% in the group with three or more involved nodes. The prognosis was also significantly affected by the stage of the disease according to the 1973 TNM classification: the 5-year survival rates ranged from 88% for patients with stage 1 disease to 17% for those with stage IV disease. Women 40 to 59 years of age had a higher survival rate (79%) than those under 40 years (65%) or over 60 years (66%) of age. Analyses by 5-year age groups showed that women 35 to 39 years old had a particularly poor survival rate (59%). Postmenopausal women less than 55 years old had a higher survival rate than did perimenopausal or premenopausal women in the same age group. Further follow-up is indicated to correlate possible high-risk factors with survival.
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PMID:Five-year survival of women with breast cancer in northern Alberta. 49 47

Intratumoral protein and glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) content as well as median nuclear DNA amount were determined in breast carcinoma that could be classified by Bloom's grading. These data were analyzed in comparison with TNM classification. Higher protein contents have been displayed in T2 or N+ breast cancers than in T1 or N- tumors. Bloom's grading is strongly correlated to median nuclear DNA content and to some extent with protein and GPI amount. With these results, we have to think about the value of prognostic cytologic criteria. The relationship between intratumoral protein content and prognostic clinical or histological data requires our attention. This would seem to dictate a need for caution in expressing the results of some variables in function of protein content.
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PMID:Simultaneous microscopic and biochemical findings in breast carcinoma. Preliminary results. 52 43

In a group of 840 patients with thyroid carcinoma the authors found pulmonary metastases in 123 patients, i. e. in 14.6%. In 78 pulmonary metastases were the only remote ones, in the remainder they were combined also with other remote metastates, almost always bone metastases. Cases of "pure" pulmonary metastases were found in the whole group without a proved relationship to age and histology, with a slight prdominance of men, while in patients with a combination of pulmonary and bone metastases follicular carcinoma predominates and it is found mainly in patients of more advanced age. The biological behaviour of these two groups differs completely, and this should be taken into account in the international TNM classification. When investigating the biological properties of thyroid carcinoma, we evaluated in detail in a recent publication (15) bone metastases. As all remote metastases of thyroid carcinoma are included according to the classification of WHO under the common sign M1 (9), we wanted to compare some factors in the incidence of pulmonary and bone metastases.
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PMID:Pulmonary metastases of thyroid carcinoma. 52 23

The treatment-surgery and irradiation- of 722 patients with cancer of the larynx in the years 1940-1969 are being statistically evaluated. The classification was done accordingly to localisation, stage (TNM-system) and the kind of therapy. The evaluation of the results only considers the 5-years-healing. Surgical therapy and primary irradiation were confronted. The irradiation ranks equally to surgery only at stages I and II of the carcinoma of the vocal cords. Tumors at other localisation or at a different stage (III and IV) can only be successfully treated by surgery.
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PMID:[Results of treatment of the cancer of the larynx at the ENT-University-Clinic, Halle/Saale, 1940 to 1969 (author's transl)]. 65 92

Between 1958 and 1973, 131 patients with carcinoma of the posterior pharyngeal wall were treated at the Institute Gustave-Roussy (127 men, 4 women, mean age 61 years). Nine had a tumor of the oropharynx, 37 of the hypopharynx and 85 of the oro-hypopharynx. Nine had T1 tumors, 19 T2 and 103 T3 (TNM-UICC 1975). 122 patients were treated by irradiation: 83% were T3 lesions, 81% were more than 4 cm in diameter, 80% were ulcerated and 42% were staged N3. The survival rate of these patients was very poor (3% at five years). The nine patients who had been treated by surgical excision had a better survival rate and three are alive at 5 years, but the initial prognostic factors were better in this group. It seems that the indications for surgery should be widened to increase the survival rate in these poor prognosis cancers.
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PMID:A retrospective study of 131 cases of carcinoma of the posterior pharyngeal wall. 71 25

The indirect macrophage migration inhibition technique was used to study cellular hypersensitivity to autologous tumor extract in relation to the progress and prognosis of breast carcinoma. Cellular immune response, evidenced by production of a macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), was noted preoperatively in 21 of 63 patients (33 per cent). This reactivity was used at the time of surgery to determine the grade of the primary tumor, lymph node involvement and the stage of the disease according to the TNM system. The five-year survival rate was 76 per cent for patients whose lymphocytes responded preoperatively and 54 per cent for patients whose lymphocytes did not respond, indicating that this assay may be valuable in detecting cellular immune response to breast carcinoma and in evaluating the immunological status of patients.
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PMID:Cellular hypersensitivity to autologous tumor extract in patients with breast carcinoma. 72 17

Most carcinomas of the oral tongue and floor of the mouth are presently treated surgically, often combined with pre- or postopervative irradiation. The treatment plan is mainly determined by the primary site and the local and regional extension, desirable are general rules on the basis of the TNM classification. The indications and principles of the most important operative procedures are discussed: Local excision, partial glossectomy, excision of the floor of the mouth with marginal mandibulectomy, composite resection. Operations for removal of the primary and radical neck dissection with preservation of the mandible (e.g. the pull-through procedure) are rarely advised. A radical neck dissection is indicated in each carcinoma of the oral tongue or floor of the mouth with palpable lymph nodes. If no nodes are palpable, an elective neck dissection is advised in view of the high frequency of clinically occult lymph node metastases (between 23 and 43%). Reconstructive measures following radical tongue and floor of the mouth operations are required for regaining a motility of the remaining tongue, for reconstruction of the floor of the mouth and for replacement of the mandible.
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PMID:[Surgery of the tongue and floor of the mouth (author's transl)]. 77 58

Errors in clinical staging of bladder carcinoma occur in about 50 per cent of patients. Sources of error include (1) a variable assortment of diagnostic studies performed, (2) inexactitudes inherent in the diagnostic measures employed, (3) insufficient corroboration by surgical and pathologic staging, (4) the lack of a satisfactory means for detecting micrometastases, and (5) a generalized confusion regarding the multiple classifications available for clinical staging. More precise clinical staging will be influential in treatment decision-making and in prognosis. Minimum requirements for clinical staging of the primary tumor currently include complete examination, excretory urography, cystoscopy, bimanual examination under anesthesia, and transurethral resection or biopsy. Polycystography, triple contrast cystograpy and arteriography may be helpful occasionally to document muscle invasion. Pedal lymphangiography and lymphography can in selected cases be helpful in detecting otherwise silent nodal involvement in spite of its inability to demonstrate many primary or regional lymph nodes. Familiarity with the above diagnostic options and the advantages and limitations of each is essential for each physician caring for a patient with bladder carcinoma. Conversion to TNM classification for bladder carcinoma that is similar to that of the UICC seems appropriate (1) because of its more rational approach to extent of involement by primary tumor, lymph node and distant sites, and (2) in order for our western hemisphere urologists to communicate better with our colleagues from around the globe. Such a system is now under consideration by a subcommittee of the American Joint Committee on Staging and End Result Reporting.
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PMID:Pitfalls in clinical staging of bladder tumors. 82 29

80 patients with carcinoma of the nasopharynx classified according to TNM categories who have been treated in the RRTI between January 1947 and January 1966 are discussed. During 1947-1957 patients were treated by orthovoltage, and after this period by cobalt machine. The actuarial 5-year survival rate was 35%. Various factors such as age, sex, sign and symptoms, TNM classification, histology and type of treatment are discussed and related to the incidence of:local recurrence 27% (20/73); regional recurrence 29% (17/58); invasion of the base of the skull 21% (16/78); regional metastases 38% (30/78); distant metastases 49% (38/78), and to 5-year survival 33% (26/80). An overview is given of the present method of treatment in the RRTI based on the data in literature and obtained in this analysis.
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PMID:Carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated in the RRTI. 83 Mar 16


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