Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A preliminary report on a histologic malignancy grading of vulvar carcinoma is presented. A retrospective histologic study of 40 vulvar carcinoma cases stage I and II (TNM-system) with a minimum five-year follow-up was carried out and correlated to the course of the disease. Morphologic criteria characterizing the tumor cell population, as well as the tumor-host relationship, were examined and scored. The scores obtained could be divided into three groups that correlated well with the clinical outcome. The low-score group had no metastases or recurrence, whereas 82% of the high-score group had both metastases and fatalities. Depth of invasion was found to have a strong correlation to clinical outcome. A more accurate morphologic malignancy grading of such carcinomas could lead to a more individual and often less radical treatment plan.
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PMID:Histologic malignancy grading in invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. 3 84

Thirty-five of totally 50 patients with carcinoma vulvae were treated with bleomycin. Most of the patients were older people and had more advanced disease. They were grouped according to the TNM system and the age. Bleomycin alone (2 X 15 mg/m2 weekly; 390 and 420 mg total dose) was given to two patients. One of the patients had a complete remission and the other one a partial remission with reduction in tumor size of more than 50%. Nineteen patients received bleomycin (2 X 10 up to 2 X 15 mg/m2 weekly: 200-300 mg total dose) in combination with radiation therapy using fast electrons (betatron; 3000-5000 R). In this group 21,1% of the patients had complete remission and 31,5% of patients had a partial remission of more than 50% tumor size reduction (objective remission rate 52,6%). Bleomycin was also beneficial when combined with surgery plus irradiation. Palliative irradiation was used in four patients with a very advanced disease. Eleven patients were irradiated postoperatively with fast electrons (4000-6000 R). In this group, 65% of the patients were free from recurrences more than one year after the beginning of the treatment. Our results indicate that combined therapies using bleomycin, surgery and radiation therapy were more effective in the treatment of vulvar carcinoma than single treatments alone. It should be emphasized that bleomycin is effective as a palliative treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva.
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PMID:[Therapy of vulvar carcinoma]. 5 32

We present a series of 63 patients suffering from urothelial carcinoma (53 of the bladder and 10 of the superior urinary tract) in different stages of development. We compare the serum alpha-2 globulin figures with the different parameters making up the TNM classification of the U.I.C.C (period 1974-1979), observing that there is a hyperalpha-2 globulinemia in 40% of the tumours in the superior urinary tract and that, on the other hand, the data obtained for the bladder carcinomas are not conclusive.
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PMID:[Value of alpha-2 globulin, as a biological tracer in the urothelial carcinoma]. 8 Sep 76

The TNM system allows malignant tumours to be classified according to uniform aspects and permits the collective comparison of the applied therapeutical methods. The problem is illustrated by a longitudinal study of 70 patients with lip carcinoma over a period of 6 years where only one TNM code was established. In conclusion the author recommends the documentation of 4 TNM codes per patient, which allow an exact statement about the diagnosis, optimal planning of the therapy, course, and prognosis.
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PMID:[Problems of documentation of malignant tumors, showing as an example lip cancer]. 13 67

Using the anamneses of 1231 patients with laryngeal carcinoma, who were treated in the ORL-clinic at the University om Halle, we investigated the relations among the duration of the anamneses, the place and the stage (TNM-system) of the tumor at the first registration. The causes of the neglection by the patient, the family doctor and the medical specialist are pointed at, and the possibilities for a modern laryngological diagnosis are given. An improvement of the early registration of patients with laryngeal carcinoma cannot be proved in the area of this clinic during the period from 1940 to 1974.
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PMID:[Problems of early diagnosis of carcinoma of the cancer of the larynx (author's transl)]. 14 34

One hundred and eighty-eight patients with inoperable or unresectable bronchogenic carcinoma were stratified by cell type, TNM staging, and prior surgery and then randomized into two treatment groups: continuous radiation therapy and split-course radiation therapy. There was no difference in clinical or objective improvement in the two groups. Survival rates for cases of squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, and adrenocarcinoma were the same after both regimens of therapy. Split-course therapy resulted in a significantly better survival rate in cases of large cell carcinoma but the number of cases was small. We doubt that the difference is clinically significant. Objective roentgenographic response was accompanied by improved survival in squamous cell carcinoma, but not in the other three cell types. Split-course radiation therapy is superior to continuous radiation therapy because it is better tolerated by the patient and because re-examination of the patient prior to the second half of split-course therapy permits the detection of new metastatic disease that has become manifest during the rest period and spares the patient the futile second half of radiation therapy.
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PMID:Comparison of split-course radiation therapy and continuous radiation therapy for unresectable bronchogenic carcinoma: 5 year results. 17 69

Thirteen cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and 16 cases of non-NPC tumors in the nasopharynx or in adjacent locations were investigated clinically, immunologically, and pathologically. All tumors were classified according to the TNM classification, and the stage and course of the disease was correlated with the histological tumor type, the T- and B-cell distribution in tumor tissue and in the peripheral blood, as well as with antibody titers against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The results showed a positive correlation of decreased T- and B-cells in tumor tissue and of decreased T-cells in the peripheral blood with the extend of the tumor in both NPC and non-NPC cases, with some exceptions of lymphocyte rich neoplasms (lymphoepithelial carcinoma and malignant lymphoma). Antibodies against EBV (early antigen and capsid antigen) became progressively elevated with increasing tumor stage in NPC-cases but not in non-NPC cases. The latter, however, was observed only in two histological types of NPC's: anaplastic carcinoma and lymphoepithelial carcinoma; titers in the remaining tumor types stayed insignificant.
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PMID:Nasopharyngeal and adjacent neoplasms: a clinico-pathologic and immunologic study. 30 42

Results from radiotherapeutic treatment of 200 patients with malignant tumors of the esophagus are reported. The principal part is represented by squamous cell carcinomas with 88%, followed by adenocarcinomas with 4.5%, by more or less differentiated solid carcinomas with 4%, and small cell carcinomas with 1.5%. Sarcoma was found in three cases, one of them a myosarcoma, another a reticulosarcoma. An ectopic carcinoma of the gastric glands was present in one case. The staging was performed according to the TNM system. A focal dose of 6000 to 6500 rd within 6 or 8 weeks was tried for, using 60Co-gamma-rays. The one-year and five-year survival rates in stage T2N0M0 amounted to 80% and to 17%; no survival was obtained in stage T3N0M0. Out of the total of stage T2-3N0M0 cases 24% obtained one-year survival, and 2% five-year survival. In stages T3N2-3M0 and T3Nx-3M1 after one year 9% and 7% of the patients were alive. The mean survival time of stage T2N0M0 cases was 30.5 months; of T3N0M0, 7.3 months; of T3N1-3M0, 5.2 months; of T3Nx-3M1, 3.8 months. The one-year and five-year survival rates, being related to the irradiation dose administered, amounted to 28% and to 2% after a minimum dose of 5000 rd to the focus. With less than 5000 rd, none of the patients survived two years. The bad results of treatment demand new therapeutic pathways. Short-term pre-irradiation followed by surgical treatment is discussed as well as a combined radiation therapy with cobalt-60 and neutrons or a combined radio-chemotherapy using cytostatics.
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PMID:[Radiation therapy and treatment results in carcinoma of the esophagus (author's transl)]. 33 87

Radiotherapy for mammary carcinoma has special indications, depending upon the TNM stage and the localization. The use of megavoltage irradiation, a well-defined technique, and consideration of radiobiologic factors are necessary. Radiotherapy is the only therapeutic possibility in cases of recurrences.
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PMID:[Mammary carcinoma: radiotherapy (author's transl)]. 41 14

A series of consecutive unselected patients with primary breast carcinoma and their age-matched controls were studied for serum CEA in relation to clinical findings. Raised CEA was found in a similar frequency in patients with primary breast cancer (pre- and postoperative) and in the control women: 16%, 11% and 11%, respectively, exceeded the selected upper limit of the reference range (13 ng/ml) with a double-antibody radioimmunoassay. In the breast-cancer patients, however, 48% of the raised CEA levels exceeded 16 ng/ml, compared with only 20% in the controls. Significant correlations (r approximately 0.3) were found between CEA levels and tumour size, TNM classification and a combined clinical and histopathological classification. A high frequency of raised CEA values in the advanced breast-cancer patients was the essential contribution to these positive correlations. A correlation coefficient of 0.6 was found between pre- and postoperative CEA values. The frequency of smoking and/or chronic disease was unexpectedly high in patients as well as in controls with high CEA.
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PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen in serum of unselected breast-cancer patients and of non-hospitalized controls. 43 62


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