Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In DA X Wistar F1 rats, growth of 10(4) Wistar-specific Sp 1 carcinoma cells s.c. was commonly prevented by a mild subclinical graft=versus-host reaction produced by injecting 50 X 10(6) Wistar spleen cells i.p. either concurrently with the tumor or 7 to 14 days previously, Spleen cells alone had no effect on established tumor, but their injection on Day 14 significantly reduced the recurrence rate after excision of tumor on Day 21. In vitro tests in tumor-bearing rats with graft-versus-host reactions showed increased spleen lymphocyte and serum cytotoxicity; these mechanisms may inhibit tumor growth in vivo. Because Wistar lymphocytes and Sp 1 cells are syngeneic, inhibition of tumor cannot be due to allograft rejection but is probably an effect of increased host immunoreactivity during the graft-versus-host reaction.
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PMID:Effects of graft-versus-host reaction on inhibition of tumor growth in vivo and on tumor cytotoxicity in vitro. 1 23

(1) Passive hemagglutination and radioimmunoassay are suitable methods for the detection of AFP in the low concentration range. (2) In 3.72% of the cases a clinically unknown carcinoma was found in an unselected group of patients with liver cirrhosis. (3) 21.9% of the patients showed AFP elevations up to 2000 ng/ml. In 10.6% of this group, increasing titers demonstrated a primary liver cell carcinoma. In 89.4% a transitory rise of AFP was not associated with tumor growth. Levels return to normal values within three months in 90% of the cases. (4) Transitory AFP elevations are not correlated to clinical conditions (praecoma, coma, delirium, bleeding, ascites, shunt) or to biochemical parameters (GOT, GPT, bilirubin, prothrombin complex time, gamma-globulin). (5) A temporary rise in AFP is more frequently observed in groups with high hepatoma incidence than in groups with low hepatoma incidence. (6) Therefore, it may be suggested that a transitory rise of AFP could reflect a "primary reaction" of carcinogenesis. (7) Primary liver cell carcinoma is found to be more frequent in posthepatitic than in postalcoholic, cryptogenic, and other cirrhosis and to be more frequent in australia-antigen positive than in australia-antigen negative cases. (8) Routine serological tumor antigen screening of patients with a precancerous disease is useful.
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PMID:Early detection of hepatoma: prospective study in liver cirrhosis using passive hemagglutination and the radioimmunoassay. 5 21

Effects of continuous administration of bleomycin solution and of intralesional injection of sesame oil-suspended bleomycin on tumor growth were studied. Experimental animal tumors were 3 rd generation isotransplants of a spontaneous C3H mouse mammary carcinoma. Bleomycin treatments were started when transplanted tumors reached 8 mm in diameter and the measurement of tumor volume was followed. Dose administered was fixed as 100 mg/kg in all the groups. Bleomycin solution was given intralesionally in a single or 4 daily doses, or intraperitoneally by continuous infusion. The latter method inhibited tumor growth most effectively, while the single injection was the last effective. Intralesional injection of oil-suspended exhibited similar effectiveness as the continuous infusion, and it was independent of the number of fractions. These results were interpreted by the several features in the response of mammalian cells to the antibiotic.
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PMID:[Effect of continuous bleomycin treatment and of oil-suspended bleomycin on experimental tumor growth (author's transl)]. 6 May

Male CD2F1 mice bearing an MCAM-7 transplant in the right leg underwent surgical excision of the tumor and showed specific resistance to subsequent challenges with that identical tumor line. An in vivo response to tumor-specific antigens (MCAM-7 antigen) solubilized by hypertonic potassium chloride was measured by 24-hour footpad swelling response in male CD2F1 mice immunized to the tumor from which the antigens were extracted. These observations suggested that the transplantable MCAM-7 fibrosarcoma could produce immunity toward the solubilized MCAM-7 tumors antigens and that this tumor immunity could be measured by footpad swelling response to injection of the solubilized antigens, an indication of cell-mediated immunity. The footpad swelling response was also monitored in relation to the extent of tumor growth. Similar techniques have been applied to patients bearing adenocarcinoma of the prostate for whom skin testing was substituted for the measurement of footpad swelling in animals. Four of 10 patients, who had known prostate carcinoma and were given intradermal injections of soluble tumor antigens extracted from their tumors, exhibited a cutaneous, delayed type hypersensitivity response to the injected autologous tumor extracts. No positive reactions were observed in response to solubilized components of control tissues, including BPH. These observations suggest that some patients bearing adenocarcinoma of the prostate can exhibit an immunologic response to specific antigens present in their neoplasms.
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PMID:Specificity of cell membrane antigens in prostate cancer. 8 64

Tansplantability, growth, morphology, and function of xenotransplanted human tumors, such as carcinomas of the lung, liver, breast, choriocarcinoma, and blastomas of the liver, lung, kidney, and uterus, are described. From the tumor take rate, it is clear that xenotransplantation cannot be used for the study of every human tumor: slow-growing tumors are difficult to analyze, and functioning adenomas and low-grade malignant carcinomas are at present almost impossible to study by this approach. From the authors' transplantation experience, tumor antigenicity to nude mice with no T-cell function, either tumor specific or species specific, was suspected. Therefore, the growth in nude mice may not equate to that in the human body. The stroma of the transplanted tumor, which is most likely of mouse origin, might also alter the growth rate, as it did the histology of some tumors. Another possible hindrance that has not been described in the text is the mouse endogenous virus. Serially transplanted human tumors are often infected with C particles, which could well influence the tumor growth and character. In spite of the presence of some factors unfavorable for the study of human tumors through xenotransplantation, it has, nevertheless, been clearly shown that the nude mouse/human tumor system is a very useful tool for functional analysis of tumors in relation to growth, differentiation, and morphology, such as eutopic or ectopic production of various hormones, AFP, normal serum proteins, colony-stimulating factor, erythropoietin, and so on. This system can be employed to elucidate the production of many other biologically active and inactive substances by a variety of tumors and their effects on the host in the future and should provide better understanding of human cancers. Attempts to induce differentiation and to change the biologic behavior of xenotransplanted human malignant tumors have failed so far, except for induced dormancy of breast carcinoma under unfavorable hormonal conditions. This line of investigation may have particular import on cancer research, particularly in relation to the biology and treatment of human cancers.
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PMID:Growth, morphology, and function of xenotransplanted human tumors. 9 41

The inhibitory effect of vitamin A on tumor establishment and growth has been studied in two animal models. The C57L/J hepatoma, when placed in C57L/J mice receiving inoculations of vitamin A, showed slow growth and the hosts had significantly prolonged survival over untreated mice. The V-2 carcinoma, when implanted in the corneas of New Zealand white rabbits receiving injections of vitamin A, showed decreased vascular response in the limbic vessels. The absence of an induced vascular response prevents vascularization of the tumor and subsequent tumor growth. The evidence suggests that vitamin A may exert its inhibitory effect by modifying the normal vascular response to neoplastic tissue.
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PMID:Vitamin A effect on tumor angiogenesis. 9 97

BALB/c and (C57BL times DBAf)F1 mice were treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and urethan, respectively, to induce mammary dysplasias. Nine transplantable outgrowth lines of dysplastic tissue were established by transplantation of the primary lesions into the cleared mammary fat pads of syngeneic mice; 8 of the 9 lesions were ductal in origin. The growth and tumorigenic potentials of these 9 lines were followed over 6-9 transplant generations. Most outgrowth lines exhibited a rapid decline in growth potential and/or a progression to papillomatosis and subsequent carcinoma by transplant generation 7. The ductal outgrowth lines and mammary tumors established from urethan-induced dysplasias in hybrid mice were ovary-dependent for tumorigenesis and tumor growth. The transplantation experiments confirmed the hypothesis that ductal dysplasias have high tumorigenic potentials and can be classified as "high-risk" lesions, similar to murine mammary tumor virus-induced hyperplastic alveolar nodules.
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PMID:Serial transplantation of chemical carcinogen-induced mouse mammary ductal dysplasias. 10 3

The R3230AC mammary adenocarcinoma was not dependent on insulin; tumor growth was equal to or greater in diabetic rats than in intact animals. However, tumor growth was reduced when daily doses of insulin were administered. Treatment with estrogen inhibited growth of the R3230AC carcinoma, either in diabetic rats or in intact animals simultaneously treated with insulin. The effects of insulin plus estrogen treatment appeared to be additive in causing inhibition of tumor growth. Tumors from diabetic rats showed few metabolic alterations as reflected by little or no changes in the activities of selected glycolytic enzymes, pyruvate kinase, phosphofructokinase, and hexokinase, nor any striking changes in the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, representing the pentose phosphate pathway. A modest reduction in the ratio of utilization of (1-14C)glucose: (6-14C)glucose was seen in vitro by tumors from diabetic rats. It was concluded that insulin, along with estrogen and prolactin, should be considered as a hormonal factor that influences growth of this automonous, hormone-responsive adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:Influence of insulin on estrogen-induced responses in the r3230ac mammary carcinoma. 12 68

N-Methyl-N-beta-chloroethyl-hydrazine and its benzaldehydhydrazone are two new cytostatic methylhydrazines. Administered intraperitoneally, they are more effective in inhibiting the ascites tumor growth (Ehrlich's carcinoma in mice and Yoshida sarcoma in rats) than procarbazine in vitro as well as in vivo. The intraperitoneal administration of hydrazone shows a minor effect on the solid tumor. This may be explained by a different pharmacocinetical behaviour. Hydrazone is less toxic than procarbazine.
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PMID:[On the cytosic action of N-methyl-N-beta-chloraethyl-hydrazine and its benzaldehydhydrazone (author's transl)]. 13 85

Carcinomas of the nose, the trachea, the mouth, the esophagus and the middle ear are rarely observed. Those of the larynx and of the bronchial system are more often found. The reason for this cannot be related to differing contacts with carcinogenic substances. The differences in frequence ar dependent on the varied resistance and disposition of the organs involved (Organotrophy, Histotropy). This is comparable to the incidence of epithelial and mesenchymal tumors. The tissues do not only vary in their structure. The differences are found in 1. the velocity of cell regeneration, 2. the ability to repair nucleic acids, 3. the concentration of tissue specific proteins (chalones) inhibiting cell proliferation and tumor growth, 4. the increase of metabolism before and during cancerization, 5. the unspecific mesenchymal reaction, 6. the immunologic response against tumor cells, 7. the reactions on radiotherapy, 8. the affinity of tissue to chemical carcinogenic substances.
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PMID:[The origin of malignant tumors of the upper-airways, the digestion tract and the ear. Organ-resistance and organ-disposition (organotrophy) by the origin of malignant primary tumors (author's transl)]. 14 45


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