Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This report provides a detailed pathological review of 333 specimens analyzed for estrogen receptor protein (ERP) and correlates a series of morphological features with ERP results. Included were 147 primary breast carcinomas, 78 metastases, 27 fibroadenomas, and 81 nonneoplastic tissues, all from women. ERP in cytosols was assayed by incubation with [3H]estradiol in the presence and absence of "cold" estradiol followed by dextran-charcoal treatment. Results were summarized as positive (greater 60% inhibition by nontritiated estradiol, greater than 10 fmoles/mg protein), negative (less than 60% inhibition by nontritiated estradiol, less than 10 fmoles/mg protein), or intermediate borderline combinations. ERP in primary tumors ranged from 0.2 to 358 fmoles/mg protein (54.4% positive, 35.4% negative, 10.2% borderline). New findings are: (a) a high frequency of positive ERP in invasive lobular carcinoma (12 of 13, 92.3%) compared to typical ductal tumors (64 of 117, 54.7%); and (b) low frequency of positive ERP(5 of 21, 23.8%) in tumors with a prominent local lymphocyte reaction. Three ERP-positive noncarcinomatous specimens were fibroadenomas of high epithelial cellularity from patients under 30 years. No statistically significant relationship existed between ERP and any other morphological features that were examined.
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PMID:Pathological review of breast lesions analyzed for estrogen receptor protein. 17 Oct 66

Eleven specimens of breast lesions obtained from 10 male patients were analyzed for estrogen receptor protein (ERP). Three patients (ages 49, 77, 82 years) had infiltrating duct carcinomas with no axillary metastases. ERP in each of these was positive. Eight specimens with gynecomastia, one of which was obtained from the 77-year-old patient with carcinoma in the same breast, were also analyzed. Of these ERP was positive in a 59-year-old man who had cirrhosis of the liver; two patients with borderline ERP had hepatitis and testicular seminoma, respectively. No relationship between histopathologic features of the lesions and ERP results was found and it is too early to relate these ERP studies to prognosis in these patients. Review of available literature, including our cases, reveals that six of eight male breast carcinomas were ERP-positive.
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PMID:Estrogen receptor protein in lesions of the male breast: a preliminary report. 17 79

We determined estrogen receptor protein and carcinoembryonic antigen in cytosols prepared from 189 human breast carcinoma tissues, 85 benign or normal breast biopsies, and 101 tissue specimens metastatic from breast carcinoma. Carcinoembryonic antigen was observed in 70% of the primary carcinomatous tissues, 15% of the benign or normal specimens, and 51% of the metastases. Ninety-six of the 189 primary carcinomatous specimens with increased concentrations of carcinoembryonic antigen were also positive for estrogen receptor protein, whereas 67 of the 72 benign or normal biopsies with low concentrations of carcinoembryonic antigen were also negative for estrogen receptor protein. All five fenign specimens with positive estrogen receptor protein and normal carcinoembryonic antigen concentrations were from fibroadenomas. The concordance between estrogen receptor protein and carcinoembryonic antigen in the primary carcinomatous tissue was 66%, in metastatic carcinoma 51%, and in benign and normal tissue 85%.
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PMID:Correlation between estrogen receptor protein and carcinoembryonic antigen in normal and carcinomatous human breast tissue. 18 Nov 80

The S-phase fraction (SPF), defined as the number of cells per hundred that showed evidence of nuclear DNA synthesis detectable by autoradiography after in vitro incubation with tritiated thymidine, was measured in 170 primary, invasive carcinomas of the breast. Assay for estrogen receptor was performed on tissue from 129 carcinomas, and 34 were also assayed for progesterone receptor. The concentration of estradiol-17 beta was measured in the serum of 69 patients. All carcinomas were analyzed for a variety of histologic features and were classified into morphologic types. SPF were lognormally distributed and were negatively correlated with the patient's age and presence of estrogen receptor, but not with presence of progesterone receptor, size of the carcinoma, number of axillary nodal metastases, or concentration of estradiol-17 beta in serum. The SPFs of lobular, mucinous, and tubular carcinomas were consistently low (geometric mean 1.2, range 0.05 to 3.55), and the SPFs of medullary and atypical medullary carcinomas were consistently high (geometric mean 14.0, range 7.77 to 20.2), whereas carcinomas of other types (not otherwise specified) had an intermediate geometric mean (4.7) and a broad range (0.09 to 25.4). The carcinomas that were not otherwise specified could be divided into three groups with different geometric mean SPFs by nuclear morphologic criteria (1.2 for minimal atypicality, 3.5 for moderate, and 7.9 for severe). Therefore it is possible to sort breast carcinomas histologically into groups with low, intermediate, and high SPF. Correlations between SPF, estrogen receptor content, and microscopic morphology indicate the existence of distinctive subpopulations of breast carcinoma that may have epidemiologic and therapeutic importance.
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PMID:Subpopulations of breast carcinoma defined by S-phase fraction, morphology, and estrogen receptor content. 21 52

Morphological and cytologic features and preliminary survival data were correlated with the presence or absence of estrogen receptor protein in tissues from 123 primary and 26 metastatic carcinomas of the breast. The estrogen receptor positive tumors were somewhat smaller, 2.8 centimeters in diameter, than the estrogen receptor negative tumors, 3.2 centimeters, but the rate of axillary lymph node metastasis was similar. Fifty-eight per cent of the infiltrating ductal carcinomas, 64 per cent of 11 infiltrating lobular carcinomas and all eight less common cell types including: four mucinous; two papillary; one adenoid cystic, and one tubular carcinoma were estrogen receptor positive. Twenty-one of 33 aspiration smears performed were cytologically positive, the remaining 12 suspected of being carcinoma. Eleven of the 13 estrogen receptor negative tumors that were aspirated were positive possibly due to a lesser differentiation. Sixty per cent of the patients who nine to 40 months after operation are living without known recurrent disease had estrogen receptor positive tumors, but only 28 per cent of the 18 patients who have died of carcinoma of the breast or are living with known recurrent disease were in this category, suggesting that, in spite of a similar rate of axillary lymph node metastasis and without regard to the modality of treatment, estrogen receptor negative tumors tend to have a less favorable course.
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PMID:Morphologic and clinical aspects of estrogen receptors in carcinoma of the breast. 21 14

Histologic and cytomorphologic features of mammary carcinoma have been correlated with estrogen receptor (ER) levels determined by the dextran-coated charcoal (Scatchard) analysis in 51 primary mammary carcinomas. The results were expressed as follows: ER-positive above and ER-negative below 10 fmol/mg protein and ER-rich above and ER-poor below 250 fmol/g tissue for premenopausal patients (750 fmol for postmenopausal patients). Most lobular carcinomas were ER-positive and ER-rich (84.6%). A similarly high percentage (88.9%) of ER-positive and ER-rich determinations was seen in ductal carcinomas with tubular features, whereas only about half of the remaining ductal tumors were ER-positive or ER-rich. The highest ER values were obtained in the lobular carcinomas and in ductal carcinomas with tubular features. Three cytomorphologic indices independent of variation in tumor histology showed a strong correlation with ER values: maximal epithelial cellularity of the tumor (P less than 0.001); cellular size (P less than 0.05); nuclear size (P less than 0.05).
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PMID:Correlation of estrogen receptor levels with histology and cytomorphology in human mammary cancer. 22 29

Antiestrogen compounds are relatively new in the treatment of breast cancer. A clinical trial of Nafoxidine therapy is being pursued in our institution. In a selected group of patients with metastatic breast cancer who had, in the past, undergone adrenalectomy, Nafoxidine therapy produced objective tumor regression in six out of ten patients. Of the six patients whose tumors contained demonstrable estrogen receptors, four showed regression (67%), one patient had stable disease, and one showed tumor progression. Of the four patients in whom estrogen receptor estimation was not done, two had, in the past, shown regression after endocrine therapy and they also showed regression of tumor with Nafoxidine therapy. In patients with metastatic breast carcinoma, who have undergone adrenalectomy in the past, a therapeutic trial with Nafoxidine may be worthwhile particularly in patients who have demonstrable estrogen receptor in the tumor of those who have in the past shown regression of tumor after endocrine therapy.
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PMID:Clinical trial of nafoxidine in adrenalectomized patients with advanced breast cancer. 33 79

A total of 105 patients with lobular carcinoma of the breast were seen at two hospitals between 1966 and 1978. Mammography was found to be of limited value in the preoperative assessment of these patients. As reported by others, there was a high incidence of bilateral lobular neoplasia. In the patients with lobular carcinoma in situ for whom follow-up data were available, all were alive and well. In contrast to this, infiltrating lobular carcinoma was found to be as malignant a lesion as any other infiltrating breast cancer regardless of the operative procedure performed. These latter tumors were found to bind substantial levels of estrogen receptor proteins. From the information gained, it is suggested that early hormonal manipulation and/or chemotherapy may be advantageous in the patient with recurrent infiltrating lobular carcinoma in particular.
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PMID:Experience with lobular carcinoma of the breast. Emphasis on recent aspects of management. 43 63

Steroid receptor assays in advanced or recurrent breast cancer are now recognized as a method for predicting therapeutic response to endocrine therapy. ER (estrogen receptor) and PgR (progesterone receptor) were measured by sucrose gradient centrifugation. Breast cancer, benign mammary tumors, and normal mammary tissue were examined. Following extensive laboratory procedures, several results were observed. The specific binding of ER was observed at the 8S as was the binding of PgR. 45% of human breast cancers were ER(+) and about 20% were PgR (+), with the positive rate of PgR lower than that of ER. All normal mammary tissues were ER (-) and with the benign mammary tumors, 1 of 10 fibroadenomas and 1 of 3 giant fibroadenomas was ER (+). Positive rates of ER and PgR were similar between premenopausal and postmenopausal females and across blood types A, B, and O. ER and PgR were negative in AB blood. The occurrence of ER in 10 cases of primary tumor and in metastatic or recurrent lesions was almost identical and binding sites were at almost the same level. Where both ER and PgR were measured in 39 cases, the 8 cases of PgR (+) showed ER (+) and there was a close relationship between the 2. With ER (+), papillotubular carcinomas tended to be lower than other histological types; in binding sites of ER, medullary tubular carcinoma occurred more frequently than schirrous carcinoma. Medullary tubular carcinoma occurred more often in the PgR. In 21 cases where the clinical response to endocrine therapy and the occurrence of ER were measured, 50% (6) of ER (+) and 25% of ER (+) or (-) displayed a response with 5 ER (-) cases showing no response. Endocrine therapy in 11 of 39 above mentioned cases was carried out with cases of ER (+) and PgR (+) responding better than those of ER (+) only. (Author's modified)
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PMID:[Studies on estrogen and progesterone receptors in human breast cancer by sucrose gradient centrifugation (author's transl)]. 48 78

Two patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the breast are described. In one patient the lesion represented a primary breast tumor; in the second, a metastases from primary bonchogenic carcinoma. Neither lesion possessed estrogen receptor protein. This report emphasizes the rarity of epidermoid lesions of the breast and the importance of identifying an extramammary primary source of metastases to the breast.
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PMID:Epidermoid carcinoma of the breast. 50 63


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