Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We conducted a registry-based case-control study to examine the relation between smoking and lung cancer by gender and histologic type. Our analyses were based on 14,596 cases and 36,438 age-matched controls. Relative risk associated with ever-smoking, and level of smoking was consistently higher in females than males for all lung cancers combined (ever-smoking odds ratios: 12.7 for females and 9.1 for males) and for each histologic type except adenocarcinoma. Female-male differences in relative risk were larger in younger age groups. The largest estimates of the attributable fraction due to smoking were observed for small cell carcinoma (97% in females and 91% in males); conversely, the smallest value was noted for adenocarcinoma (86% in females). Although our study was unable to measure absolute risk, our findings, other recent studies, and contemporary female smoking patterns raise concerns that female smokers may assume a proportionally greater burden of lung cancer morbidity and mortality in the future.
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PMID:Gender and histologic type variations in smoking-related risk of lung cancer. 131 11

Several human monoclonal antibodies directed to tumor-associated glycolipid antigens have been established, but more than one-half of them react with gangliosides and the others react with neutral glycolipids. We report here the first establishment of a human IgM monoclonal antibody directed to the sulfated glycolipid. This monoclonal antibody, M14-376, did not react with SM3 and SB1a which have a terminal HSO3----3Gal beta 1----R1, but with the simple sulfolipids SM4s-Gal and SM4g which contain a terminal HSO3----3Gal beta 1----O----CH2----R2; however, lyso-SM4s-Gal and lyso-SM4g did not bind M14-376. These results suggest that terminal HSO3----3Gal and part of the hydrophobic region of the glycolipid are recognized by M14-376. Directly biotinylated M14-376 was used for immunohistochemical staining of 140 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lung cancer tissue sections to study the distribution of the antigen. A high incidence of positive staining was found in adenocarcinoma (39.5%, 17 of 43), followed by large cell carcinoma (20.0%, 5 of 25), while this antigen was rarely detected in small cell carcinoma (4.7%, 1 of 21) and squamous cell carcinoma (3.9%, 2 of 51). Thin layer chromatography immunostaining of glycolipids extracted from lung cancer tissues showed the presence of only SM4s-Gal in adenocarcinoma, but SM4g was not found in any subtype of lung cancer. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that this antigen was expressed in normal kidney, testis, and brain, but erythrocytes, granulocytes, and lymphocytes were negative in cytofluorometric analysis.
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PMID:First establishment of a human monoclonal antibody directed to sulfated glycosphingolipids SM4s-Gal and SM4g, from a patient with lung cancer. 131 42

A study of 149 light microscopic tissue slides from 147 patients with recorded initial diagnoses of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) (114 cases) and undifferentiated carcinoma (35 cases) was undertaken to test the reproducibility and prognostic impact of a new histopathologic subclassification of SCLC proposed by the Pathology Panel of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC). This study was further designed to test the impact of clinical stage, age, sex, and race on survival. The tissue slides were blindly reclassified as SCLC or non-SCLC by a panel of five pathologists with no knowledge of the initial diagnosis. The SCLCs were divided into the three subtypes outlined by the IASLC pathology panel: small (classic or pure), mixed (small cell/large cell), and combined (small cell/squamous carcinoma or small cell/adenocarcinoma). Small cell lung cancer was clinically staged as local, regional, or distant. Consensus diagnosis (defined as agreement by at least three of the five pathologists) was achieved in 144 (96.6%) of the 149 cases. Of these 144 cases, 124 were reclassified as SCLC (115 [92.8%] small, five [4.0%] mixed, and four [3.2%] combined) and 20 were classified as non-SCLC. The median lengths of survival for the small, mixed, and combined subtypes were 225, 1,110, and 203 days, respectively (P = .025). Adequate staging data were available in 123 of the 124 SCLC cases. Of the 123 SCLC cases, 27 (21.9%) were local, 22 (17.9%) were regional, and 74 (60.2%) were distant stage. The median lengths of survival for the local, regional, and distant stages were 428, 251, and 111 days, respectively. This association was highly significant (P = .0001). We conclude that stage is the major determinant of survival in SCLC. Mixed subtypes had significantly longer survival times than the small or combined subtypes (P = .025). Survival times were longer for women than for men, and the survival time difference between men and women was significant (P = .0028). We found no significant differences in survival according to age or race.
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PMID:Prognostic significance of histopathologic subtype and stage in small cell lung cancer. 131 77

In a population-based case/control study the differential lung cancer risk patterns due to tobacco smoking habits of various histological types have been investigated. The cases were 1432 deaths from lung cancer in the years 1980-1987, of which the histological type was known for 627 individuals. There was 54% squamous cell carcinoma, 24% small-cell carcinoma and 17% adenocarcinoma. Controls were 1343 deaths from other causes. Next-of-kin interviews were performed. The results of the study confirmed that cigarette smoking is associated with all histological types of lung cancer; however, the dose/response relationship between smoking and adenocarcinoma differed clearly from that observed in squamous and small-cell carcinomas. In the latter histological types the gradient of risk was much stronger as the number of cigarettes smoked or duration of smoking increased. The overall relative risk for smoking in small-cell and squamous cell carcinoma was 15.4 and 13.5 respectively, whereas that for adenocarcinoma was weaker (relative risk = 3.1). An interesting difference between squamous and small-cell carcinomas was found also for patients who gave up smoking. The effect of stopping was more pronounced in squamous cell carcinoma. The attributable risks for smoking in squamous and small-cell carcinoma were much higher (90% and 88% respectively) than for adenocarcinoma (64%). The data suggest that adenocarcinoma is likely to be related to other factors than tobacco smoking to a greater extent than are squamous or small cell carcinoma. Possible sources of bias, such as missing histological diagnoses, are discussed in detail.
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PMID:Effect of tobacco smoking on various histological types of lung cancer. 131 80

We investigated three aldolase isozymes (aldolase A, B, and C) in human lung cancer by using an indirect peroxidase labeled antibody method. We used 27 tissue samples obtained at surgical operations which were fixed in periodate-lysine-4% paraformaldehyde (PLP) solution, and embedded in optimum cutting temperature (OCT) compound. They were 11 adenocarcinomas, 9 squamous cell carcinomas, 3 large cell carcinomas, 3 small cell carcinomas, and 1 adenosquamous carcinoma. Aldolase A and C expressed intensely positive stainings in the cytoplasm of cancer cells compared with normal lung tissues, and its positivities were 81% respectively. However, Aldolase B showed almost negative staining, and its positivities were only 41%. These rates had no relation to the histological types or pathological stages of lung cancers, and suggested that human lung cancer contained increased levels of aldolase A, and C.
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PMID:[An immunohistochemical study on three aldolase isozymes in human lung cancer]. 131 19

Giant cell carcinoma is a specific clinicopathological entity because of its fulminating clinical behavior and peripheral location in the lung. We present two patients with rapidly fatal giant cell carcinoma; each 99mTcMAA and/or 133Xe ventilation scintigrams showed a large, discrete, photon-deficient area in the lung. This unique scintigraphic finding may result from the peripheral location and rapid grawth of the giant cell tumor. Since giant cell carcinoma is a specific clinicopathological entity and of definite significance in establishing the prognosis of patients with lung cancer, 99mTcMAA and/or 133Xe scintigraphic findings may be useful in revealing such a tumor.
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PMID:Giant cell carcinoma of the lung exhibiting a large, well-circumscribed photon deficiency in ventilation/perfusion scintigrams. 131 27

The efficacy of combined high-dose etoposide with standard dose cisplatin was evaluated in patients who had refractory lung cancer after standard chemotherapy. Each patient was given etoposide at 500 mg/m2/day on day 1 to 3 continuously (total dose 1,500 mg/m2) and cisplatin at 80 mg/m2 on day 1. Fifteen patients (7 adenocarcinoma, 5 small cell lung cancer, 2 squamous cell lung cancer and 1 sarcoma, which latter was difficult to distinguish from giant cell carcinoma) were entered in this study. The overall response was 41.7% (5 of 12); five partial response, 6 no change, and 1 progressive disease. Three treatment-related deaths were observed; one resulted from sepsis and two from respiratory failure because of tumor progression. All of the patients developed severe myelosuppression; the mean nadir white blood cell count was 400, and the mean nadir platelet count was 24,000 in 28 evaluable courses. The range of maximum concentration of etoposide determined by HPLC was from 17.4 to 39.1 micrograms/ml. These results suggest that high-dose etoposide combined with a standard dose of cisplatin is effective against refractory lung cancer.
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PMID:[Pilot phase II trial of high-dose etoposide combined with cisplatin in the treatment of refractory lung cancer]. 131 97

To investigate the changes of collagen metabolism in patients with lung cancer, activities of types I, III, and IV collagenolytic enzymes in specimens obtained from lung cancer tissue and pathomorphological changes of the corresponding specimens were analyzed. And the comparison of the biochemical and morphological changes were evaluated. Nine resected pulmonary carcinomas were used and 5 samples were obtained from each carcinoma tissue. In each sample, types I, III, and IV enzyme activities were measured and its histopathological examination was done. Enzyme activities of 5 samples from the same carcinoma tissue were considerably different in all subtype of collagenolytic enzymes. The relationship between each collagenolytic enzyme activity of these samples and their histopathological findings are as follows: 1) No relationship is found between the amount of carcinoma cells in cancer tissue and enzyme activity in any subtype, 2) increase in the fibrosis in cancer tissue is accompanied by decrease in type I collagenolytic enzyme activity, 3) the substantial increase in inflammatory cells coexisting with carcinoma is accompanied by increase in types I and III collagenolytic enzyme activities. Moreover, type III collagenolytic enzyme activity elevates significantly when inflammatory cells infiltrate among carcinoma cells.
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PMID:[Type I, type III, and type IV collagenolytic enzyme activity in lung cancer tissue]. 131 44

In a multicentre study patients with liver metastases stratified to the histology of the primary tumour were investigated. A total of 102 patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, primary liver carcinoma and malignant melanoma were treated with the thioether lipid ilmofosine. The drug was administered orally as a tablet at a dosage of 150-300 mg/day (75 mg/tablet). The tolerability of ilmofosine was poor. There was a dose-limiting gastrointestinal toxicity with nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite (WHO grade II-IV) in 67% of patients. During the period of therapy (1-29 weeks, 8.5 weeks mean) no complete remission and no partial response were observed. We thus conclude that treatment with oral ilmofosine is not effective in patients with liver metastases due to various malignancies.
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PMID:Treatment results of the thioether lipid ilmofosine in patients with malignant tumours. 132 33

Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia is characterized by a proliferation of cells of the reticuloendothelial system associated with a monoclonal increase in serum levels of gamma globulins of immunoglobulin M class. We report a case of lung cancer with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. A 68-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for abnormal mass shadow on chest X-P during chemotherapy for macroglobulinemia. Pathological diagnosis was small cell carcinoma by transbronchial lung biopsy. Right middle and lower lobectomy with mediastinal lymph nodes dissection were performed. Postoperative staging was stage II (t1n1m0). Chemotherapy for the lung cancer and plasmapheresis for hyperviscosity syndrome were carried out, after surgical treatment. This patient has been followed for three years and has no evidences of recurrence of the lung cancer.
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PMID:[A case of small cell lung cancer with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia]. 132 69


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